Objective To explore the practicability of self-expanding stent placement treatment in the management of carotid artery stenosis. Methods 14 self-expanding stent treatments were performed at 10 sites carotid artery stenosis in 9 patients with TIA and 70%-95% carotid stenosis. Results All patients were free from TIA. Residual stenosis was

Objective To understand the situation of procrastination and its influencing factors in medical students.Methods The general procrastination scale (GPS),general self-efficacy scale (GSES),achievement motivation scale(AMS),self-esteem scale (SES),self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) were applied to 531 medical students,and the influence factors were analyzed with correlation analyses,hierarchical regression and path analysis of SPSS 16.0 and Amos 5.0.Results (1) The scale score of procrastination was between 31-93 and the average score was 55.54±9.68.96.1％ students showed different degree procrastination,with the moderate-severe degree ones accounted for 45.3％.(2)Procrastination was positively correlated to anxiety(r=0.331) and depression(r=0.415),but negatively correlated with self-efficacy(r=-0.247) and selfesteem(r=-0.328).(3)The hierarchical regression revealed that self-efficacy,self-esteem,and depression could significantly predict procrastination,which increased the explained variance 6.1％,6.1％ and 6.3％ respectively.(4) Path analysis showed that the self-esteem had direct effect on procrastination (path coefficient 0.12);self-efficacy had indirect effect on procrastination through self-esteem (path coefficient 0.21).Depression had direct effect on procrastination (path coefficient 0.34) and indirect effect to the procrastination through the self-esteem (path coefficient 0.50).All the fitting indices reached statistical standards.Conclusion Procrastination was common in medical students and self-efficacy,self-esteem,depression had direct or indirect effect on it.

ObjectiveTo investigate the alteration of behavior,such as spontaneous movement,spatial memory ability and cholinergic M receptors in the brain of mice subjected to chronic mild stress (CMS). And to determine whether Ningshen Ling (NSL)and dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA)could reverse the cognitive impairment in this model.MethodsForty mice were divided into four groups: control group,CMS group,CMS+NSL(p.o.5g·kg-1·d-1) group and CMS+DHEA (i.p.5 mg·kg-1·d-1) group. Morris water maze procedure was used to determine the spatial memory ability. M receptor binding activity was measured with radioactivity assay by3 H-QNB.ResultsAfter 3 weeks CMS,the mice exerted a decrease in spontaneous movement test,and the latency in Morris water maze was obviously prolonged. Treating CMS mice with NSL and DHEA for 1 weeks could improve the spontaneous movement and latency declined. Whereas the3 H-QNB binding ability to M receptor showed a significantly decrease in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of CMS mice (P<0.05),the decreased ability of M receptor binding was reversed by NSL treatment in hippocampus(P<0.05).ConclusionNSL and DHEA can alleviate the stress response and reversed cognitive impairment induced by CMS,and it may be concerned with the central cholinergic M receptors activity.

Commercial production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic hydrolysates requires efficient fermenting strains. The abilities of the strain to converting all types of sugars in the hydrolysate to ethanol in high yield and to effectively tolerating/metabolizing inhibitors are necessary. Genome shuffling is a novel method for breeding, and it has been applied in pharmaceutical and food industry. This review summarized the technique of genome shuffling including principle, process, applications and its prospect for strains improvement in ethanol production from lignocellulosic hydrolysates.

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect and possible mechanism of Compound Porcine Cerebroside and Ganglio-side Injection (CPCGI) on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods Healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham group (n=10), model group (n=10), CPCGI low dosage group (n=10) and high dosage group (n=10), and control group (Ginkgo biloba extract, n=10). All the rats was subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for two hours and reperfusion except sham group, and received treatment for fourteen days once reperfusion started. They were tested with modified Neurological Severity Score one, three, seven and fourteen days after MCAO, and adhesive-removal test and beam-walking test fourteen days after MCAO. The expression of Beclin1, PINK1 and Parkin were detected with Western blotting. Results Compared with the model group, the Neurological Severity Score reduced (P<0.05) and the time crossing the beam reduced (P<0.01) in all the medical groups fourteen days after MCAO, and the time removing the adhesive paper reduced in the CPCGI groups (P<0.01). The expression of Beclin1 and Parkin decreased and the PINK1 level increased in the model group (P<0.01), and it was reversed in all the CPCGI groups (P<0.05). Conclusion CPCGI could relieve the cerebral ischemia-re-perfusion injury in rats through the regulation in mitophagy.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in erectile dysfunction (ED) induced by androgen deficiency.

METHODSWe randomly divided 30 eight-week-old healthy male SD rats into six groups: 2-week control (A), 4-week control (B), 2-week castration (C), 4-week castration (D), 2-week castration + androgen replacement (E), and 4-week castration + androgen replacement (F), those in groups E and F subcutaneously injected with testosterone propionate (TP) at the physiological dose of 3 mg/kg per day after castration, while those in the other groups with isodose oil instead. At 2 and 4 weeks after operation, we determined the level of serum testosterone (T) , intracavernous pressure (ICP) , mean carotid arterial pressure (MAP) of the rats, measured the concentration of H2S in the plasma and corpus cavernosum tissue, and detected the expressions of cystathionine-P3-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE) by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.

RESULTSThe serum T level was significantly lower in group C ([0.63 +/- 0.15] nmol/L) than in A ( [ 16.55 +/- 4.17] nmol/L) and E ( [ 18.99 +/- 4.62] nmol/L) (P <0.05), as well as in group D ([0.70 +/-0.22] nmol/L) than in B ([15.44 +/-5.18] nmol/L) and F ([20.99 +/-6.41] nmol/L) (P <0. 05) , and so were ICP/MAP after 5 and 7 V electrical stimulation of the pelvic ganglia (P <0. 05) , H2 S concentration (P <0.05), and the expressions of CBS and CSE (P <0.05). The expressions of CBS and CSE proteins were also significantly decreased in group C as compared with D (P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe reduced expressions of CBS and CSE may inhibit the H2 S signaling pathway, which might be one of the mechanisms underlying androgen deficiency-induced ED in rats.

Androgens ; deficiency ; Animals ; Cystathionine beta-Synthase ; metabolism ; Cystathionine gamma-Lyase ; metabolism ; Erectile Dysfunction ; metabolism ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; metabolism ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Penis ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

To identify the prevalence and the distribution of ticks infected with spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) in Xunke Area of Heilongjiang Province ,China ,partial outer membrane protein A gene (ompA) and citrate synthase gene (gltA) specific fragments were assessed using the PCR method .The positive products were sequenced .Result showed that the pres-ence of SFGR was 14 of 60 in detection Dermacentor silvarum cases ,while the overall positive rate was 23 .33% .Its nucleotide sequence of ompA showed 99 .3% and 99 .18% similarity with nucleotide sequence of Rickettsia sp .JL-02 and Rickettsia rao-ultii respectively .And the evolutionary positions of SFGR species were similar with Rickettsiamontana and Rickettsiamassili-ae .It's concluded that the nature focus of tick-borne spotted fever did exist in the area of Xunke Area of Heilongjiang Province , China .

AIM: Anti-atherosclerosis effects of Momordica charantia L was further studied in a New Zealand rabbit atherosclerotic model at the basis of anti-inflammation and antioxidant effects. METHODS: Animals were divided into 3 groups: normal group (normal rabbit diet), atherosclerosis group(diet containing 2% cholesterol), and Momordica charantia L group(diet containing 2% cholesterol and 1 5% sarcocarp of Momordica charantia L ). Ninety days later, all animals were sacrificed. The effect of Momordica charantia L on atherosclerosis was evaluated by measuring serum lipid and total cholesterol content of artery wall, observing fatty liver degree, aorta arteriosclerotic area, and the thickness of intima. RESULTS: The level of total serum cholesterol and LDL-C in Momordica charantia L treatment group were obviously lower than those in atherosclerosis group, so were the total cholesterol content of artery wall, fatty liver degree, atherosclerotic area, intima thickness and I/M ratio, but no significantly difference was found between the two groups in TG level. The level of HDL-C in Momordica charantia L treatment group was evidently lower than that in normal control group. CONCLUSION: Momordica charantia L has an anti-atherosclerosis action in rabbits.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Jiuqiang Naoliqing (JNQ) on the behavior of Kunming mice.MethodsSpontaneous movement, Morris Water Maze, Rotarod, anti caffeine test, sleeping time of pentobarbital sodium, subthreshold dose of pentobarbital sodium, and anti pentylene tetrazol test were adopted to evaluate the behavioral changes. ResultsCompared with the control group, the low dose of JNQ can increase spontaneous movement of the mice, the middle and high dose of JNQ can increase time on the rotating rods. JNQ can also increase sleeping time of pentobarbital sodium test and percent of falling asleep in subthreshold dose of pentobarbital sodium test, as well as antagonize caffeine's effect on mice. ConclusionJNQ can also do sedative and hypnotic effect on Kunming mice as well as improve their ability of balance and coordination.

BackgroundOscillatory potentials (OPs) has been used extensively in experimental research and clinical diagnosis,but it is well known that OPs are the summating potentials originated from retinal rod and cone.To separate the rod and cone OPs is helpful for us to diagnose some retinal diseases.ObjectiveThis study was to analyze the characteristics of cone-and rod-driven OPs. Methods The retinal cone degeneration ( RCD ) and congenital stationary night blindness(CSNB) rats were used in this study and SD rats served as control,and 6 rats for each kinds of animals.Scotopic and photopic OPs were recorded in each rat under the dark adaptation for 12 hours and light adaptation for 10 minutes at the stimulate light intensities of -35,-25,-15,-5,0,5 db respectively with RETIscan Visual Electrophysical System.The scotopic and photopic OPs were extracted from flash electroretinogram (FERG) with Maflab7.0 Butterworth filtering waves,and the frequency spectrum of the OPs was analyzed by fast Fourier transform.The characteristics of OPs from RCD rats and CSNB rats were assessed and compared.Results The a wave and b wave of ERG were showed under the dark adaptation condition in both SD and RCD rats,but the b wave was absent in CSNB rat.Under the light adaptation condition,b wave was seen in both SD and CSNB rats,but a wave and b wave of RCD rat were absent.Two peaks were exhibited in both SD and RCD rats under the darkadaptation condition and high intensity of stimulate light at the lower frequency( domain frequency) of 75-110 Hz,90-120 Hz and high frequency ( minor frequency) 90- 120 Hz,110- 135 Hz respectively.In various intensities of stimulate light,CSNB rats appeared a peak at 70-100 Hz.But in light-adaptation and various intensities of stimulate light,the frequency peaks were seen at 75-95 Hz and 70-85 Hz from both SD and CSNB rats respectively.However,under the light adaptation condition,only one peak was seen in SD and CSNB rats at the 75-95 Hz and 70-85 Hz respectively.Compared with SD rats,the mean implied time of b wave was delayed and the amplitude was lowed under the light adaptation (P＜0.05 ),however,no significant differences were found in the implied time and amplitude of b wave of scotopic ERG between SD rats and RCD rats( P＞0.05 ).The scotopic OPs showed the prolong implied time and depressed amplitudes in RCD rats and CSNB rats compared with SD rats( P＜0.05 ),and the photopic OPs presented the prolong implied time and lowed amplitude in CSNB rat in comparison with SD rats (P ＜ O.05 ).ConclusionsCone- and rod-driven OPs appear very different characteristics.The results of this study imply that rod pathway gives more contribution to OPs than cone pathway.Analysis of these results will be helpful for the exploration of the origin of OPs and the diagnosis of the related disease.