0.05).Duodenal perforation did not occur in 2 groups.Conclusions TP may significantly reduce the frequency of apnoea and vomiting and improve feeding tolerance in VLBWI,it can be used in VLBWI with suspected gastroesophageal reflux.

Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) is a clinical and bio-chemical syndrome associated with advancing age in males and seriously affects the quality of life of some of the patients. A classical therapeutic option for LOH is testosterone supplementary treatment (TST). Its effectiveness has been verified, whereas its long-term safety remains to be further evaluated. With deeper insights into LOH, many new therapeutic strategies have been proposed, which include the treatments with gonadotropins, testosterone precursors (such as dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA]), non-aromatizable androgens (such as dihydrotestosterone [DHT]), antiestrogens (such as aromatase inhibitors and estrogen receptor antagonists), and Chinese medicine. Meanwhile, studies on the transplantation of Leydig stem cells, selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), and selective estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) agonists have shed new light on the treatment of LOH.
Humans ; Hypogonadism ; drug therapy ; surgery ; therapy ; Male ; Testosterone ; therapeutic use

Objective To explore clinical effect and safety of intermittent androgen suppression treatment of advanced prostate cancer in elderly patients.Methods 78 patients with advanced prostate cancer were enrolled,and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group (n=39 each).Patients in observation group were treated with intermittent androgen suppression treatment.Patients in control group were treated with persistent androgen suppression treatment.Results The time of therapy was much longer in observation group than in control group (P＜ 0.001).Quality of life was better in observation group than in control group (P＜0.05).The incidences of adverse reactions including anemia,fever and abnormal liver function were lower in observation group than in control group (all P＜0.05).Conclusions Intermittent androgen suppression treatment prolongs time to androgen-independent progression,improve the quality of life,reduce drug dosage and the incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer in the elderly.

?AIM:To investigate the correlation between dry eye and different degrees of diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) in type 2 diabetic patients.?METHODS: In the cross-sectional study, 340 patients (340 eyes) with type 2 diabetes were enrolled. Tear film function tests including tear meniscus height, tear film breakup time ( BUT ) , fluorescein staining, Schirmer Ⅰtest were performed followed by surveying questionnaires about dry eye. Retinal status was evaluated by retinal color photography and indirect ophthalmoscopy exam with dilated pupils to evaluate DR and whether companied by macular edema.?RESULTS:The prevalence of dry eye was 49. 41%. The mean duration of diabetes in patients with dry eye was 11.15±7.07a, while 6.92±5.45a without dry eye(P<0.01). Dry eye had the positive correlation to the development of DR. The incidence of dry eye in people with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy ( NPDR ) , moderate NPDR, severe NPDR and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) was 1. 097 times, 1. 724 times, 2. 86 times and 5. 43 times respectively, compared with people without DR. The occurrence of dry eye in people with macular edema increased by 3. 697 times compared with people without macular edema.?CONCLUSION: Dry eye was more prevalent in people with type 2 diabetes. The incidence of dry eye increased gradually with the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of urine-based prostate cancer antigen 3 ( PCA3 ) score in detecting prostate cancer during initial prostatic biopsy .Methods Urine was collected after digital rectal examination ( DRE) ( three strokes per lobe ) from 248 men before prostate biopsy .The specimens were collected between January 2010 and December 2012.The expression of PCA3 mRNA and prostate specifc antigen (PSA) mRNA was determined by quanti-tative real time polymerase chain reaction ( qRT-PCR ) .PCA3 scores were calculated by PCA 3 mRNA/PSA mRNA × 1000 .The ability of the PCA3 score to predict the biopsy outcome was assessed with AUC-ROC analysis and compared with the serum PSA levels.Results The rate of positive prostate biopsy was 32.3%(80 patients with positive prostatic biopsy versus 168 patients with negative prostate biopsy ) .PCA3 scores were significantly higher in patients with positive biopsy than in those with negative biopsy results (P<0.001).The ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of serum total PSA (tPSA), PCA3 score and the duplex model combining tPSA and PCA 3 score was 0.620, 0.693 and 0.724, respectively.Further analysis of the diagnostic performance of PCA3 score revealed that at a cut-off of 90.2456, the sensitivity was 67.5%and the specificity was 61.9%for discriminating positive biopsy from negative biopsy. The duplex model combining tPSA and PCA 3 score represented a better approach than tPSA alone in PCa diagnosis by pros-tatic biopsy (P=0.011), but there was no statistically significant difference between tPSA and PCA 3 score (P=0.160). In addition , a comprehensive diagnostic model based on multiple risk factors of prostate cancer combined with PCA 3 score could further improve the predictive accuracy of prostate cancer .Conclusion PCA3 could be a good predictor of prostate cancer in initial prostate biopsy in Chinese population .The comprehensive diagnostic model can improve the diagnostic potency .Further large-scale multicenter studies in China are needed to confirm our findings .

OBJECTIVETo evaluate a expanded reverse island flap with a saphenous neuro-vascular pedicle for repairing the defects of the feet and ankles.

METHODSAn expanded reverse island skin flap, with the Six saphenous neuro-vascular pedicle, was designed to repair the skin defects on the feet and ankles.

RESULTSpatients with the defects of the feet and ankles were treated with the expanded saphenous island flap and all of the The expanded reversed island skin flaps were survived. The largest flap size was 12 cm x 10 cm.

CONCLUSIONSflap could be a good option for repairing the defects of the feet and ankles.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Ankle Injuries ; surgery ; Child ; Female ; Femoral Nerve ; surgery ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin Transplantation ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; innervation ; Young Adult

Objective To study the biological exposure limit in bone metabolism damage caused by coexposure to fluorine and arsenic from coal burning in exposed population.Methods One hundred and ninety-eight cases of fluoride and arsenic co-exposed people from Liuchang village,Qinzhen city,Guizhou province were enrolled in the study.Urinary fluorine (UF),urinary arsenic (UAs),urinary hydroxyproline (UHYP),ross-linked Ntelopeptides of type Ⅰ collagen(UNTX) and bone strength index(STI) were detected.BMDS Version 2.1 software was used to calculate UF,UAs benchmark dose (BMD) and its lower confidence limit (BMDL) on the damage of bone metabolism caused by co-exposure to fluorine and arsenic from coal burning.Results The BMD and BMDL range of UF caused by co-exposure to fluorine and arsenic from coal burning were 0.68-1.35 mg/g Cr,0.57-1.11 mg/g Cr.The BMD and BMDL range of UAs caused by co-exposure to fluorine and arsenic from coal burning were 8.36-18.77 μg/g Cr,7.12-15.40 μg/g Cr.Conclusion The biological exposure limits of UF and UAs for bone metabolism toxicity are proposed as 0.57 mg/g Cr and 7.12 μg/g Cr in co-exposure to fluoride and arsenic from coal burning,respectively.

Objective To explore the influence of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on the differentiation of nerve stem cells (NSCs) from neonatal rat hippocampus in vitro and to find new revulsant of NSCs,which can improve the percentage of NSCs differentiating into neurons.Methods Twenty-four hours neonatal rats were selected to obtain hippocampus tissue to culture NSCs in serum-free culture medium by suspending culture.The high pure NSCs were obtained after passing 2 generations.The culture cells were identified as NSCs by staining of nestin,which was NSCs special marker.After passaged three generations,the NSCs were randomly classified into 2 groups:test group and control group.There were 15 pieces per group.There was 2 mL per piece,which contains 1?105 cells.50 g/L fetal bovine serum(FBS) and 20 ?g/L BDNF were added into foundational culture medium in test group;only 50 g/L FBS was added into foundational culture medium in control group.The neurons and their percentage were tested using the immunofluorescence labeling and flow cytometer after 7 days of differentiated cultivation.Results The hippocampus tissue cells grew in globular in serum-free culture medium by suspending culture,which expressed highly positive by nestin immunofluorescence staining.Its purity was above 90%.The percentage of neurone specific enolase(NSE)-positive cells in test group was 60.45%,which was obviously higher than that of control group (23.67%).The difference was significant between 2 groups(?2=27.75 P

Objective To compare the outcomes of powered-assisted septoplasty with CO_ 2 laser-assisted septoplasty. Methods Thitry patients with limited deviation of nasal septum were analyzed retrospectively. Among 30 patients, 18 underwent powered-assisted septoplasty and the rest underwent CO_ 2 laser-assisted septoplasty. The surgical results were assessed by the visual analogue scale (VSA) and acoustic rhinometry. Results VSA scores significantly improved in both groups after surgery (P

Objective To explore the risk factors for asthma in children.Methods A 1:1 matched and hospital-based case-control study was conducted to analyses risk factors for asthma in 300 pairs of children by logistic regression analysis. Results The result of univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that there were 17 related factors for children asthma, including disease history of parents in respiratory system,family income,atopie character,history of acute respiratory infections, eating habit,the amount of sea foods intakes,foam plastics,family decoration,the way of exhaust fume in kitchen,the exhaust effectiveness,raising pet in house,family history of asthma,family history of allergic rhinitis,family history of food allergy,dust allergy of parents,systemic therapy after the first attack.With multivariate Logistic regression analysis,7 factors were entered the model,6 risk factors including father's history of respiratory diseases(OR 3.771,95%CI 1.533～9.278),low family income(OR 1.503, 95%CI 1.258～1.795),atopy(OR 3.788,95%CI 2.368～6.058),meat-eating habit(OR 2.042,95%CI 1.481～2.815),asthma history of family members(OR 1.710,95%CI 0.988～2.958),the family history of allergic rhinitis(OR 1.991,95%CI 1.234～3.211), and 1 protective factor of raising pet in house(OR 0.443,95%CI 0.265～0.739).The coefficients of these factors in multivariate logistic regression model were 1.327、0.407、1.322、0.714、0.536、0.689、and-0.814 respectively.Conclusion Children asthma was a multi-factorial complex disease,and the interaction of environmental and genetic risk factors played an important role in the onset of this disease.