Xuening Granule is a traditional Chinese patent medicine based on San Huang Xie Xin Tang. The effective Component of each herbal medicine were extracted individually and then mixed together to form granules. This process avoids the chemical reactions among the drugs in order to enhance the the effects. The major contents are determined and differentiated to control its quality

An analysis of the fundamental concepts for public hospital reform further defined public hospitals and other hospitals,business and non-business in nature,public benefits and welfare,as well as public benefits and profit-oriented hospitals.These distinctions can help reformers of public hospitals clarify their concepts,make clear the purpose and direction of the public hospitals reform,so as to speed up the reform with theory support.

This paper studied the development stages in terms of the public nature of public hospitals in China and analyzed the causes for their weakened public benefits.It proposed the principle of government guidance,achieving government purchasing of healthcare services as the roadmap,as well as building and improving the service purchasing system,performance appraisal system,and payment review system along with supervision system.These measures are designed to make public hospitals in their public benefit nature with scientific system design,powerful institutional guarantee,and efficient execution strategies.

Objective:To analyze the mechanism on integration of health care services at the county and town-ship level from the perspective of stakeholder theory. Methods: The stakeholder interest demand was determined by word frequency analysis of interview data from stakeholders in the three regions of Qianjiang, Huangpi, and Zhen-jiang;the degree of attention and gains and losses of stakeholders towards various demands was investigated from the three regions through interest demand questionnaires;the impact of demand benefits on behavioral responses has been evaluated through comprehensive evaluation theory and game theory. Results:Regional integration policies reflect the interest demands of stakeholders in varying degrees; the higher were the scores of demand benefits in interest de-mands questionnaires, the stronger was the willingness of stakeholders to coordinate integration policies. Conclusion:The policies of integration of health care services in rural China should consider all stakeholder interest demands;the better the interest demands of the stakeholders are satisfied, the stronger their motivation for integration reform will be, which may affect the implementation effects of local integration reforms to some extent.

Objective To optimize the extraction process of volatile oil and inclusion preparation of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin from compoundJinling Sini Siwu Shixiaosan Granules.Methods The orthogonal approach of L9 (34) was applied to investigate the volume of volatile oil extraction by 3 factors to obtain the optimum extraction conditions. With inclusion rate of volatile oil and yield of inclusion compound as comprehensive evaluation indexes, the optimum preparation conditions were discussed. The characterization of this prepared inclusion was analyzed by TLC.Results The optimum extraction conditions were as follows:the crude medicine with medicinal powder was shattered into 20 meshes;8 times the amount of water was added and was extracted for 8 h. The best inclusion conditions were as follows:the proportion of volatile oil to HP-β-CD was 1∶6, with inclusion temperature of 30℃, grinding time of 2 h. Analysis results of TLC showed that stable inclusion compound was formed from volatile oil and HP-β-CD.Conclusion The optimized extraction process and inclusion preparation are with stable quality and high feasibility.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of fluoxetine (FLX) on the expressions of BDNF and Bcl-2 in the hippocampus, the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex of conditioned fear (CF) model mice. Forty eight mice were randomly divided into three groups, normal control group, CF stress group and FLX-pretreated CF group. The FLX-pretreated CF group was given FLX (10 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) for 7 days before CF stress. After CF stress model was established, all mice were given behavioral experiments to test whether FLX impaired or improved the auditory and contextual fear conditioning. Then mice were sacrificed. The expressions of BDNF and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blotting. The results showed that the freezing time of FLX-pretreated CF group was significantly lower than that of CF group; FLX pretreatment up-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 in the hippocampus at 1 d after CF stress (P < 0.001), but no significant differences was observed at 7 d; BDNF significantly increased in the hippocampus at 7 d (P < 0.001), but no differences at 1 d; the expressions of BDNF and Bcl-2 in the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex were of no obvious differences between CF group and FLX-pretreated CF group at 1 d or 7 d after CF stress. Parallel to these changes, pretreatment with FLX could affect histopathologic changes induced by CF stress. Furthermore, the results indicated that FLX pretreatment could protect against CF stress-induced neurological damage via the activation of BDNF and Bcl-2 in hippocampus.
Amygdala ; metabolism ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; metabolism ; Fear ; drug effects ; Fluoxetine ; pharmacology ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Male ; Memory ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Prefrontal Cortex ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Stress, Psychological ; metabolism

Biological activity and physicochemical properties are two key factors to screen active compounds of traditional Chinese herbs during early discovery phases. As a great number of the compounds are got in the world, a new strategy is developed to research the physicochemical properties of the compositions of herbs, so that the election of active compounds from the compositions has become more effective and more economical than before. The new strategy and associated technology have emerged and it was used extensively. The physicochemical properties of the compounds of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) relate to pharmaceutical and ADME (Absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination), and development, clinical effect and safety are evaluated with the properties. Therefore, the physicochemical properties are important in the development of TCM.
Absorption ; Animals ; Drug Design ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Tissue Distribution

Object To study the inhibitory effect of Anti-EB Virus Liquor (AEVL) on EB (Epstein-Barr) virus antigen expression and its cytotoxicity. Methods The effect of AEVL on Raji cell early antigen (EA) expression and B 95-8 cell virus capsid antigen (VCA) expression was assayed by indirect fluorescent technique; the cytotoxicity on nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE 2 cells was determined by MTT method. Results At the non-toxic concentration, AEVL had markedly inhibitory effect on Raji cell EB-virus, IC 50 was 0.667 mg/mL and showed powerfully inhibitory effect on B 95-8 cell EB-virus VCA expression, IC 50 was 0.89 mg/mL; and it had strongly inhibitory effect on B 95-8 cell EB virus VCA expression stimulated by sodium n-butyric acid, IC 50 was 1.4 mg/mL. The IC 50 of AEVL on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE 2 cell was 7.57 mg/mL. Conclusion AEVL could inhibit EB virus antigen expression and have cytotoxicity on nasopharyngel carcinoma cells at high concentration.

Objective To evaluate the value of fMRI guided brain surgery for the lesions in or around Broca's area.Methods Forty-three patients with lesions in or adjacent to the Broca's area were studied.fMRI imaging was obtained by BOLD technique with the tasks of reciting.Fiber tract imaging of white matter was obtained by DTI technique.All functional imaging and anatomic imaging were transferred to neuronavigation system.The technique of direct cortical stimulation was used to validate the language cortex in fMRI.The lesions were resected in microscope.Results Broca's area activation was detected in 38 cases..The distance between the fMRI peak and direct cortical stimulation was rated as overlapping (<1 cm diatance) in 25 cases and neighbouring (<2 cm diatance) in 11 cases.Total lesion resection was achieved in 17 cases, subtotal resection in 14 cases, and partial resection in 12 cases.Postoperative neurological functions were improved in 8 cases, unchanged in 31 cases, and temporary worsen in 4 cases.Conclusions The identification of the Broca's area by reciting task in fMRI is sensitive and precise.The fMRI is helpful to decrease the side effect injury in the brain surgery for the lesions in or around the Broca's area.

Aim To study mRNA and protein expression of eNOS in pulmonary tissue of chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension(HPH)rats and chronic hypoxic rats treated with novel KATP opener iptakalim.Methods sixty Sprague-Dawley(SD)male rats were randomly divided into control group, hypoxic group, low dose iptakalim group(0.75 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), and high dose iptakalim group(1.5 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)).Except the first group, the other three groups were put into hypoxic and normobaric chamber (10%±0.5% O_2,8 h/day and 6 day/week) to establish chronic hypoxic model. After four weeks, the mean pulmonary arterial pressure(mPAP), RV/(LV+S)and the plasma concentration of NO were measured. RT-PCR was performed to analyze the mRNA expression of eNOS in pulmonary tissue. Western blot was performed to analyze the protein expression of eNOS, iNOS in pulmonary tissue. Results ① The level of mPAP and RV/ ( LV + S) were significantly higher in the hypoxic group than those in control group ( P < 0. 05 ) , Low dose iptakalim groupandhighdoseiptakalimgroupdecreased the level of mPAP and RV/( LV + S) significantly (P <0. 05). ② The level of NO was significantly lower in the hypoxic group than those in control group (P<0. 05). Low dose iptakalim group and high dose iptakalim group increased the level of NO significantly (P < 0. 05 ). ③ The mRNA and protein expression of eNOS in the hypoxic group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0. 05 ). Low dose iptakalim group and high dose iptakalim group increased the expression of eNOS significantly ( P < 0. 05). High dose iptakalim group was more significant. Conclusion Pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction is induced by chronic hypoxia,and the level of NO, the mRNA and protein expression of eNOS are decreased. Iptakalim can improve the vascular endothelial dysfunction, increase the expression of eNOS and the level of NO and reverse hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.