Contemporary management ideas and social movements have impelled governments and service providers to value healthcare consumers' opinions and experiences. Patient satisfaction surveys have been used as a routine tool to measure a hospital's service quality from the patient's angle and patients' fidelity towards service providers. Quality improvement measures and service development strategies are consequently formulated. However, there still exist many problems in the research on and use of satisfaction surveys as a measurement tool, including lack of strategies for scientific tool selection and development, lack of standardization and analysis benchmarking, emphasis on nursing service at the expense of a hospital's overall service quality, lack of psychological surveying and research on applicability and practicability, artificially introduced bias factors in conducting the surveys, oversimplified presentation of survey results, and limited use of information, It is suggested that guidelines for tool selection and development be formulated, regional or nationwide benchmarking be established, plan designs in conducting the surveys be perfected, presentation of survey results be improved, and rational use of information be promoted.

Objective To establish immortalized neural progenitor cell strain and provide stable cell resource for cell-transplantation and gene therapies. Methods Plasmid pCMVSV40T/PUR containing the simian virus 40 large T antigen gene (SV40Tag) were transfected into the primary cultured neural progenitor cells (NPCs) of newborn rat using lipofectin transfection method. Colonies were isolated by puromycin selection and expanded by many passages. Anti-nestin antibodies were used to identify the cultured cells. The specific molecular marker of neurons and astrocytes were detected using immunocytochemistry method to investigate the capability of differentiation of the transfected cells. The expression of SV40Tag in expanded cell lines was identified by RT-PCR, Southern blot and immunocytochemistry method.Results One anti-puromycin cell clone was obtained, which was microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) positive cells with the capability of proliferation and could differentiate into MAP-2 or glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells. The existence of SV40Tag cDNA and the expression of mRNA and protein of SV40Tag were confirmed in transfected cells. The transfected cells were expanded to immortalized cell strain maintained for more than 50 passages, named as immortalized neural progenitor cell (INPC) . INPCs were elliptical or triangular cells with two or three short axons. The population doubling time of INPC was (22.9?2.7)h, subculture, freezing and recovering had no effect on cellular shape and proliferation of INPC. Conclusion Immortalized neural progenitor cell strain was established successfully. It may provide stable cell resource for the basic researches and cell-transplantation therapies with NPC.

Objective To evaluate the expression and distribution of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in term placentas of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods Placental samples were collected from 36 normal full-term singleton pregnant women (control group) and 33 full-term singleton pregnant women with GDM who had elective cesarean section in Peking University First Hospital between November 2014 and June 2015. Immunohistochemical assay was used to detect the expression and distribution of TLR4 in placental tissues. T test was used to compare the expression of TLR4 in various cell types of placenta by semi-quantitative analysis. Results (1) TLR4 was expressed in the cell membrane, cytoplasm or nuclei of trophoblast, decidual cells, vascular endothelial cells and amniotic epithelial cells of term placentas. (2) Compared with the control group, the expression of TLR4 was significantly enhanced in trophoblast and decidual cells of GDM women (0.38±0.01 vs 0.31±0.01, 0.39±0.01 vs 0.34±0.01, t=5.218 and 4.525, all P<0.01). Moreover, the change of TLR4 average optical density was most significant in trophoblast. (3) There was no difference in the expression of TLR4 in vascular endothelial cells and amniotic epithelial cells in term placentas of GDM women compared with the control group (all P>0.05). Conclusions The expression of TLR4 is different in various cell types of GDM term placentas.

Objective To find out about the development of nongovernmental medical services in China as well as the appraisals of such services by various quarters so as to provide basis for the formulation of policies for their management and development. Methods Cross-sectional studies were made in the provinces of Guangdong, Shanxi and Sichuan. By means of questionnaires and interviews, appraisals of nongovernmental medical services by residents, physicians, managers of medical institutions, investors of nongovernmental medical institutions and managers from the administrative departments of health were collected and differences in the appraisals made by people representing various interest groups were analyzed. Results Over 30% of the residents make use of nongovernmental medical services and appraisals of them surpass those of public medical services. Nongovernmental medical institutions have both advantages and disadvantages, with unfair social treatment being the major obstacle to their development. Conclusion Since nongovernmental medical services have already taken an important position in the setup of medical services of China, efforts should be made to coordinate relevant policies so as to bring their role into greater play.

0.05).The required dose of LT4 during the second and third trimester was respectively,remarkably increased compared to pre-gestational period (P

Adult ; Factor XIII ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Factor XIII Deficiency ; complications ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Sjogren's Syndrome ; complications

OBJECTIVE: To develop a new form named dropping core pills which contain both water soluble and liposoluble constituents of the traditional Chinese medicine compounds. METHODS: Volatile, liposoluble and water-soluble constituents were extracted with supercritical fluid extraction-CO2,ethanol extraction, water decoction and membrane separation and other methods respectively. The dropping core pills were prepared with liposoluble and volatile constituents before being coated with water-soluble constituent. RESULTS: As compared with watered pills and dropping pills, dropping core pills had the advantages of both but overcome their shortages in that the dosage form was optimized, the amount of the reagent less and the resolving time was shorter. CONCLUSION: Dropping core pill was a new dosage form suitable for traditional Chinese Medicine compounds in which liposoluble and water-soluble components were both active compounds.

OBJECTIVE:To study the optimum formation technics of Xuesaitong drop pill.METHODS:Parallel tests were conducted on the dosage of different base materials and the main drug with the forming percentage and the rate of qualified weight as the index of evaluation,the orthogonal test was conducted on the4factors,including the temperature of drops and the liquor condensate,the drug height in the drug storage tank and the dropping distance.RESULTS:The ratio of base materials and the main drug was2.5∶1.The optimum forming technics could be seen as follows,the height of the drug storage tank was3cm,the temperature of drops was90℃,the dropping distance was5cm and the temperature of the liquor condensate was12.5℃.CONCLUSION:There was a high rate of end product of dropping pill prepared with this optimum process,which was in conformity with the standard stated in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

Objective To investigate the osteoclast′s function levels in infants and toddlers and the relationship between the osteoclast function and sex,age,body length,body weight and body mass index(BMI).Methods Sixty-eight children(37 boys and 31 girls,aged from 1 to 36 months) were studied.All of the children were in good health.These children were divided as infants group and toddlers group according to their age.Just before the samples were collected,the children′s body weight,body length were measured and the BMI were calculated.Two biochemical markers,such as serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b(TRAP5b) and urine deoxypyridinoline(DPD) were measured.Results The difference of serum TRAP5b concentration between infants and toddlers was significant at the level of P

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Bloodletting ; Female ; Headache ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult