Objective To research the significanec of genes bel-2 and bax in chondrocyte apoptosis in experimental osteoarthritis in rabbits.Method Twelve New Zealand rabbits divided into two groups at random:model group and control group.Model group with osteoarthritis was duplicated by immobilizing with gypsum at extension position in right hind limb of rabbits.Rabbits of model group were executed after 6 weeks and chondrocytes were taken.Positive expression rate of bcl-2 and bax mRNA was measured by immunohisto- chemistry and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL).Results Positive expression rate of mRNA in bel-2 and bax of model group was obviously more than control group(P＜0.05).According to immunohistochemistry,and grey grade of positive expression of protein in bcl-2 and bax of chondrocytes in model group was lower and positive expression rate was gigher compared with control group (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).bcl-2 and bax of model group were lower than control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Genes bcl-2 and bax participate and thus accelerate chondrocyte apoptosis of osteoarthritis together.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system(LNG-IUS)for the treatment of dysmenorrhea associated with adenomyosis.Methods We recruited 48 women with moderate or severe dysmenorrhea associated with adenomyosis.All women were inserted of LNG-IUS into their uterine cavity from days 5-7 of their periods and maintained for 12 months.We compared the visual analogue scale(VAS)scores and verbal rating scale(VRS)scores of their dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia at baseline and 12 monthes follow-up.Results Forty-four women completed the study. There were significant differences between mean VAS and VRS scores changes of dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia at baseline and 12 monthes follow-up,those of dysmenorrhea dropping from 75?13 to 11?11 and 2.3?0.4 to 0.4?0.3,those of dyspareunia dropping from 54?19 to 4?4 and from 1.6?0.8 to 0.2?0.2 respectively.Overall 29 women(66%)were very satisfied or satisfied with the one-year treatment. Conclusion Insertion of LNG-IUS alleviates moderate or severe dysmenorrhea associated with adenomyosis remarkably.

AIM:To investigate the value of pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) and flash electroretinogram (FERG) in early diagnosis and prevention of diabetic retinopathy (DR), analyzing the correlation of early stage DR with PVEP and FERG.
METHODS: Sixty patients, 30 males and 30 females, participated in observation group. Their average age was 19. 42 ± 7. 78years. The duration of DM was < 5a. Best corrected visual acuity was 5. 0. Fasting blood glucose was 7. 8± 3. 6mmol/ L. There were 60 subjects, 30 males and 30 females, in control group. Their average age was 17. 2 ± 6. 52years. Best corrected visual acuity was 5. 0. Every participator was tested with PVEP and FERG according to ISCVE standard. The amplitude of PVEP and P100 latency were recorded. And the b-wave latency, b-wave amplitude, a - wave latency, a - wave amplitude were showed down.
RESULTS: In observation group, P100 amplitude decreased and P100 latency increased, compared to those of control group ( P< 0. 01); b - wave latency, b -wave amplitude, a - wave latency, a - wave amplitude were different from those in control group(P<0. 01); the fasting blood glucose kept stable; P100 amplitude, b -wave amplitude and a-wave amplitude were not related to the DM duration; P100 latency, a-wave latency and b-wave latency were related to the DM duration.
CONCLUSION: PVEP are sensitive to optic neuron damage; FERG is desirable to detect the lesion of Müller cells and bipolar cells. P100 amplitude by PVEP, b-wave amplitude by FERG may be the most sensitive parameter for DR at early stage.

BACKGROUND: Animal experiments showed that recruitment maneuver (RM) and protective ventilation strategy of the lung could improve oxygenation and reduce extravascular lung water. This study was to investigate the effects of RM on respiratory mechanics and extravascular lung water index ( EVLWI) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS: Thirty patients with ARDS were randomized into a RM group and a non-RM group. In the RM group, after basic mechanical ventilation stabilized for 30 minutes, RM was performed and repeated once every 12 hours for 3 days. In the non-RM group, lung protective strategy was conducted without RM. Oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), Plateau pressure (Pplat), static pulmonary compliance (Cst) and EVLWI of patients before treatment and at 12, 24, 48, 72 hours after the treatment were measured and compared between the groups. Hemodynamic changes were observed before and after RM. One-way ANOVA, Student's t test and Fisher's exact test were used to process the data. RESULTS: The levels of PaO2/FiO2 and Cst increased after treatment in the two groups, but they were higher in the RM group than in the non-RM group (P<0.05). The PIP and Pplat decreased after treatment in the two groups, but they were lower in the RM group than in the non-RM group (P<0.05). The EVLWI in the two groups showed downward trend after treatment (P<0.05), and the differences were signifcant at all time points (P<0.01); the EVLWI in the RM group was lower than that in the non-RM group at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with pre-RM, hemodynamics changes during RM were significantly different (P<0.01); compared with pre-RM, the changes were not significantly different at 120 seconds after the end of RM (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: RM could reduce EVLWI, increase oxygenation and lung compliance. The effect of RM on hemodynamics was transient.

BACKGROUND: Polyethylene glycol-polyethyleneimine/ferroso-ferric oxide (PEG-PEI/Fe_3O_4) was selected as drug carders in tumor treatment, which can increase drug loading capacity and targeting capacity.OBJECTIVE: To test the toxicity of PEG-PEI/Fe_3O_4 nano-magnetic fluid in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: When the prepared PEG-PEI/Fe_3O_4 nano-magnetic fluid reached nano level, 7702 and HpG2 cell lines were filtrated and diluted in 5-20 multiple, and detected by in vitro MTT toxicity test assay; in vivo hemolysis test and micronucleus test was used to test the toxicity and biocompatibility.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: MTT assay results indicated that the toxicity grade of PEG-PEI/Fe_3O_4 nano-magnetic fluid to 7702 cell line was 0-1, which was harmless to natural hepatic cells; however, PEG-PEI/Fe304 nano-magnetic fluid had slight bystander restraining effect to HpG_2 cell line. Maximum hemolysis rate of the matedel was 0.372%, which was far less than 5%. The micronucieus test result indicated that PEG-PEI/Fe_3O_4 nano-magnetic fluid had no teratogenicity or mutagenicity.

The symbiotic bacterium exists in the intestines of entomopathogenic nematodes and is a potential biological agent.Systematic classification of these bacteria is scarce in China.In this paper,seven strains of symbiotic bacteria from local entomopathogenic nematodes were identified by both observation of mor-phology,physiological,biochemical characteristics and sequence analysis of 16S rDNA fragments.

Objective To compare the traditional Chinese medicine enema and routine enema in the period of gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients with severe burn infection the clinical effect of treatment. Methods The control group weakened symptoms on gastrointestinal peristalsis began to appear fasting, gastrointestinal decompression, anal exhaust, saline enema, parenteral nutrition, antibiotic treatment. On the basis of routine treatment in the treatment group the enema for Chinese medicine prescription. Results The curative effect in the treatment group after enema 83.3%(30/36) compared with the control group 41.70% (15/36) had significant difference (P<0.05). At the time of borborygmus, abdominal distension disappeared time, anus Exhaust time, the treatment group were (7.0±0.8)d, (3.4±0.9)d, (7.3±0.8)d, the control group were (12.6±1.8)d, (7.1±1.2)d, (13.4±1.9)d, two sets of data were compared with statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusion The traditional Chinese medicine enema for large surface gastrointestinal dysfunction during infection deposition burn patients is rapid, safe and reliable, convenient administration, significant curative effect on gastrointestinal functions in patients with motility.

OBJECTIVEGram-negative bacteria-induced multiple organ failure/dysfunction syndrome (MOF/MODS) is one of the leading causes of death through the world. The member of immunoglobulin family programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a negative immune regulator. This study investigated the protective effect of PD-1 as well as the underlying mechanism in LPS-induced endotoxemia.

METHODSTen PD-1(+/+) and ten PD-1 knockout (PD-1(-/-)) mice were injected peritoneally with LPS (10 mg/kg), and the survival was observed within 72 hrs after LPS injection. The other 40 PD-1(+/+) and 40 PD-1(-/-) mice were injected peritoneally with LPS (5 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected before injection and 1.5, 3 and 6 hrs after LPS injection (n=10 each time point). Serum levels of various inflammatory mediators were measured using ELISA.

RESULTSThe survival rate in PD-1(-/-) mice was noticeably lower than that in PD-1(+/+) mice after 10 mg/kg LPS injection. Serum levels of inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-12 and IL-17 in PD-1/mice were higher than those in PD-1(+/+) mice after 5 mg/kg LPS injection.

CONCLUSIONSPD-1 can protect mice from LPS-induced endotoxemia probably through its regulation on inflammatory mediator production.

Animals ; Antigens, Surface ; physiology ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; physiology ; Endotoxemia ; prevention & control ; Female ; Interleukin-12 ; blood ; Interleukin-17 ; blood ; Interleukin-1beta ; blood ; Lipopolysaccharides ; toxicity ; Mice ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

Adolescent ; Aortic Valve ; abnormalities ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Aortic Valve Stenosis ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Child ; Endocarditis ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; Humans ; Male ; Rheumatic Heart Disease ; complications ; pathology ; surgery

It has been known that locus coeruleus (LC) stimulation suppresses nociceptive discharges of the thalamic parafascicular (PF) neurons through the spinally descending adrenergic terminals which inhibit the transmission of nociceptive signals in the spinal dorsal horn. This experimental model was used in the present study to analyze the detailed processes that happened in the dorsal horn following norepinephrine release by preemptive intrathecal (i.t.) administration of related drugs in lightly urethane-anesthetized rats. The results showed that: (1) LC stimulation significantly inhibited the noxiously-evoked discharges of PF neurons; (2) the LC stimulation-produced antinociception in PF neurons could be blocked either by i.t. glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive potassium (K(+)(ATP)) channel blocker, or by i.t. aminophylline, an adenosine receptor antagonist; (3) nociceptive discharges of PF neurons were also suppressed both by i.t. 5 -N-ethylcarboxamido-adenosine (NECA, an adenosine receptor agonist) and by i.t. nicorandil (a K(+)(ATP) channel opener); and (4) i.t. aminophylline blocked the suppression of PF nociceptive discharges induced by i.t. nicorandil, while i.t. glibenclamide showed no effect on the suppression of nociceptive discharges induced by i.t. NECA. These results suggest that: (1) K(+)(ATP) channels and endogenous adenosine may be involved in the mediation of spinal antinociception induced by descending adrenergic fibers originating from the LC; and (2) the opening of K(+)(ATP) channels precedes the release of adenosine in the cascade of mediation.
Adenosine ; metabolism ; physiology ; Adenosine Triphosphate ; physiology ; Animals ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; Injections, Spinal ; Locus Coeruleus ; physiology ; Male ; Pain ; physiopathology ; Potassium Channels ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar