To characterize the ultra-fine particles of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC., Phellodendron chinense Schneid and the ERMIAO PILL*, a compounded preparation of the above two drugs, for the purpose to observe a deeper view on their physico-chemical properties. Methods　By comparing their particle size, porosity and specific surface area with light and scanning electron microscope. Results　The size of the ultra-fine particles were more uniform in size, 90% of which were under 20 μm, their specific area were increased by 60% ～ 190% and bulk density were around 0.42 g/cm3, and the great majority of the plant cells were broken as compared with the conventional coarse powder. Conclusion　Both A. lancea and P. chinense together with their combined preparation became smaller in particle size, more uniformly distributed with increased specific surface area and broken cell wall.

Aortic Coarctation ; complications ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; complications ; Humans ; Infant ; Pulmonary Artery ; abnormalities

Object To characterize the ultra fine particles of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb ) DC., Phellodendron chinense Schneid and the ERMIAO PILL *, a compounded preparation of the above two drugs, for the purpose to observe a deeper view on their physico chemical properties Methods By comparing their particle size, porosity and specific surface area with light and scanning electron microscope Results The size of the ultra fine particles were more uniform in size, 90% of which were under 20 ?m, their specific area were increased by 60% ～ 190% and bulk density were around 0 42 g/cm 3, and the great majority of the plant cells were broken as compared with the conventional coarse powder Conclusion Both A. lancea and P chinense together with their combined preparation became smaller in particle size, more uniformly distributed with increased specific surface area and broken cell wall

Objective To analyze the features of dynamic contrast-enhanced CT of blunt hepatic injury in rabbits. Methods The model of blunt hepatic injury was established in 40 New Zealand white rabbits with a steel ball falling down to the xiphoid process of the animals. Plain CT scan and dynamic contrast-enhanced CT scan (Hispeed spiral CT/2i, GE, America) of the liver were performed. Arterial,portal and balanced phases were respectively at 8-10 s, 35-40 s and 120-150 s after initiation of the contrast medium injection. The non-enhanced and enhanced images were compared in aspects of location and range of injury, tear of the liver capsule, active bleeding, involvement of the main hepatic veins and CT features of abdominal hemorrhage, which was further compared with the results of gross anatomy. Results The rate of plain CT scan was obviously lower than that of dynamic contrast-enhanced CT scan,which defined single tear in 13 patients, multiple lacerations in 18, liver subcapsular hematoma in seven,liver hematoma in nine, liver coated gap in 17, active bleeding in nine and main hepatic vein injury in five, with coincidence rates with the results of gross observation for 13/13,18/18,7/9,9/9,25/30,9/5and 5/4 respectively. According to Moore' s classification, CT/Laparotomy performed from grade Ⅰ to grade Ⅵ were 5/4 patients at grade Ⅰ , 15/13 at grade Ⅱ, 9/11 at grade, 5/6 at grade Ⅳ, 1/2 at grade Ⅴ, O at grade respectively. Conclusion Dynamic contrast-enhanced CT scan, especially at portal and balanced phases, is of great value for diagnoses of liver injuries and determination of injury severity.

Large amount of data including chemical composition and size information of individual particles would be generated in the measurement of aerosol particles using atmospheric aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry ( ATOFMS ) . Our home-made ATOFMS was used to measure the indoor individual aerosol particles in real-time for 24 h, and the obtained mass spectrometric data were clustering analysis by self-organizing map ( SOM ) because of its ability of vector quantization and data dimensionality reduction. 20 classification results were got which includedCalcium-Containing,Salt+Secondary particles,Secondary particles,Organic Amines,K+-Rich Organics andSoil particles, etc. Compared with previous mass spectrometric methods, SOM is a natural visualization tool, more classification results can be obtained. This classification information would be useful to assess the response and toxicity of atmospheric aerosol particles and identify the origin of atmospheric aerosol particles.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of Pierre Robin syndrome and the experience of its diagnosis and therapy, and provide the accurate diagnosis and treatment of Pierre Robin syndrome .Methods Seventeen cases of Pierre Robin syn-drome from September 2008 to August 2013 were enrolled in this study .The clinical data were analyzed retrospectively to explore the clinical characteristics and treatment of Pierre Robin syndrome .Results Seventeen cases of Pierre Robin syndrome had typical clini-cal features, including micrognathia, cleft palate or high palatine arches, glossoptosis, and feeding difficulties.The babies were given corresponding treatment according to their clinical grading. Among those babies, three cases died , including one dying of severe pneu-monia in hospital, and the other two dying of severe pneumonia and malnutrition after giving up treatment .Among 14 survivors, 12 ba-bies were followed up , including 5 babies who achieved optimal growth and development when they were one year old , and the other 7 babies who had feeding difficulties in varying degrees after discharge , and lagged behind normal children in the growth and develop-ment.Conclusions Early diagnosis, accurate classification, and individualized treatment plan for Pierre Robin syndrome might im-prove the prognosis of children with this type of disease .

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of remifentanil target-controlled infusion (TCI) system in children.Methods Thirty ASA Ⅰ patients (aged 3-12 years and weighing 10-40 kg) scheduled for elective ear-nose-throat or urological surgery were randomly divided into two groups (n =15 each):2 ng/ml remifentanil group (group Ⅰ) and 4 ng/ml remifentanil group (group Ⅱ).Anesthesia was induced with intravenous injection of propofol 2 mg/kg and TCI of remifentanil.Remifentanil was administered with a specific TCI system incorporating the pharmacokinetic parameters of Minto.The target plasma concentration of remifentanil was set at 2 or 4 ng/ml.Tracheal intubation was facilitated with vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg after the children lost consciousness.The children were mechanically ventilated.Anesthesia was maintained with TCI of remifentanil,intravenous infusion of propofol and intermittent intravenous injection of boluses of vecuronium.The target plasma concentration of remifentanil remained unchanged and bispectraI index value was maintained at 45-65 or auditory evoked potentials index value ＜ 30 through adjusting the infusion rate of propofol.Arterial blood samples were taken at 5,10,20,30,40,50 and 60 minutes after TCI of remifentanil was started for determination of blood remifentanil concentrations by high performance liquid chromatography.Median prediction performance error (MDPE),median absolute performance error (MDAPE) and wobble of remifentanil TCI system were calculated.Results The measured concentrations of remifentanil were significantly higher than the target plasma concentrations jn both groups (P ＜ 0.05).The MDPE,MDAPE and wobble were 20.0％,30.0％ and 25.0％ respectively in group Ⅰ,and 17.5％,17.5％ and 12.5％ respectively in group Ⅱ.The MDAPE and wobble were significantly decreased in group Ⅱ compared with group Ⅰ (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion When remifentanil is administered using a specific TCI system incorporating the pharmacokinetic parameters of Minto in children of 3-12 years old,the accuracy is not high.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of remifentanil target-controlled infusion (TCI) system in children.Methods Thirty ASA Ⅰ patients, aged 3-12 yr, weighing 10-40 kg, scheduled for elective ear-nosethroat or urological surgery, were randomly divided into 2 groups with 15 patients in each group:2 ng/ml remifentanil group (group Ⅰ) and 4 ng/ml remifentanil group (group Ⅱ). Anesthesia was induced with iv injection of propofol 2 mg/kg and TCI of remifentanil. Remifentanil was administered with a specific TCI system incorporating the pharmacokinetic parameters of Minto.The target plasma concentrations of remifentanil were set at 2 or 4 ng/ml. Tracheal intubation was facilitated with vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg after the children lost consciousness. The children were mechanically ventilated.Anesthesia was maintained with TCI of remifentanil, iv infusion of propofol and intermittent iv boluses of vecuronium. The target plasma concentration of remifentanil remained unchanged and bispectral index value was maintained at 45-65 or auditory evoked potentials index value ＜ 30 by adusting the infusion rate of propofol.Arterial blood samples were taken at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min after TCI remifentanil was stared for determination of blood remifentanil concentrations by high performance liquid chromatography. Median prediction performance error (MDPE),median absolute performance error (MDAPE) and wobble of remifentanil TCI system were calculated. Results The measured concentrations of remifentanil were significantly higher than the target plasma concentrations in both groups (P＜0.05). The MDPE, MDAPE and wobble were 20.0% , 30.0% and 25.0% respectively in group Ⅰ , and 17.5%, 17.5% and 12.5% respectively in group Ⅱ . TheMDAPE and wobble were significantly decreased in group Ⅱ compared with group Ⅰ(P＜0.05).Conclusion When remifentanil is administered using a specific TCI system incorporating the pharmacokinetic parameters of Minto in children of 3-12 years old, the accuracy is not high.

Objective To explore methods of easy treatment of bulk trauma patients caused by Wenchuan earthquake.Methods Early treatment was done on 1123 patients including extremity injuries in 925,spinal injuries in 65,brain injuries in 46,thoracic injuries in 53 and abdominal injuries in 72.There were 809 patients with single part injury and 314 with multiple injury.Emergent operation was performed in 67 patients including 13 with liver repair,14 with spleenectomy,three with mesentery blood vessel repair,six with repair of multiple abdominal organ injuries,four with repair of raptured diaphragm and injured organs,12 with evacuation of intracranial hematoma,four with lung repair,five with partial resection of lung and bronchus,one with pericardium discission and five with internal fixation of ribs.Early operation was carried out in 166 patients including 105 with only debridement,36 with debridement plus external fixation and 25 with amputation.Results Of all,406 patients were cured,673 were transferred to higher level hospitals after fundamental treatment and three died.Conclusion Staged treatment is suitable for early management for bulk trauma patients.Damage control technique should be applied early for critically severe patients and those with severe disease of heart and lung.Repeated examination is efficient to avoid delayed diagnosis and treament.

Object To investigate the effects of ultra-fine powder technique and granularity of pellets on dissolution rate in vitro. Methods The dissolution rate of ultra-fine ERMIAO PILL with different granule diameters in vitro was measured and compared with the index of berberine by UV spectro-photometry. Results The dissolution parameters T 50 and T d of four kinds of ultra-fine ERMIAO PILL are 61.60, 19.48, 17.84, 8.97 min and 102.3, 33.29, 26.98, 14.77 min, respectively. Those of general powder ERMIAO PILL with granule diameter of 2.4 mm are 89.61 and 155.68 min. Conclusion The dissolution rate of ultra-fine powder is quicker than that of general powder, and the rate increases with the granularity of PILL decreasing.