2.Ixodid Tick Infestation in Cattle and Wild Animals in Maswa and Iringa, Tanzania.
You Shine KWAK ; Tae Yun KIM ; Sung Hyun NAM ; In Yong LEE ; Hyung Pyo KIM ; Simon MDUMA ; Julius KEYYU ; Robert FYUMAGWA ; Tai Soon YONG
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2014;52(5):565-568
Ticks and tick-borne diseases are important in human and livestock health worldwide. In November 2012, ixodid ticks were collected and identified morphologically from cattle and wild animals in the Maswa district and Iringa urban, Tanzania. Amblyomma gemma, A. lepidum, and A. variegatum were identified from Maswa cattle, and A. variegatum was the predominant species. A. marmoreum, Hyalomma impeltatum, and Rhipicephalus pulchellus were identified from Iringa cattle in addition to the above 3 Amblyomma species, and A. gemma was the most abundant species. Total 4 Amblyomma and 6 Rhipicephalus species were identified from wild animals of the 2 areas. A. lepidum was predominant in Maswa buffaloes, whereas A. gemma was predominant in Iringa buffaloes. Overall, A. variegatum in cattle was predominant in the Maswa district and A. gemma was predominant in Iringa, Tanzania.
Animals
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Animals, Wild
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Cattle
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Cattle Diseases/epidemiology/*parasitology
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*Ixodidae
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Tanzania/epidemiology
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Tick Infestations/epidemiology/*veterinary
3.Prevalence of ixodid ticks on cattle in Mazandaran province, Iran.
Gholam Reza RAZMI ; Meisam GLINSHARIFODINI ; Shaboddin SARVI
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2007;45(4):307-310
A survey was carried out to investigate the prevalence of hard tick species (Acari: Ixodidae) on cattle in Mazandaran province, Iran. A total of 953 ticks were collected from 86 infested cattle during activating seasons of ticks during 2004-2005. Nine species were identified: Boophilus annulatus (51.3%), Rhipicephalus bursa (16.8%), Haemaphysalis punctata (6.3%), Ixodes ricinus (6.8%), Hyalomma marginatum (12.5%), Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (5.2%), Hyalomma asiaticum (0.6%), Hyalomma detritum (0.2 %), and Dermacentor spp. (0.1%). The results show that Boophilus annulatus, Rhipicephalus bursa, and Hyalomma species are dominant tick species in the surveyed area.
Animals
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Cattle
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Cattle Diseases/*epidemiology
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Iran/epidemiology
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Ixodidae/*classification
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Prevalence
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Tick Infestations/epidemiology/*veterinary
4.An abattoir survey of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia lesions in slaughtered cattle in selected districts in Northern Tanzania.
Emmanuel SWAI ; Isidory MWEZIMPYA ; Edward ULICKY ; Adam MBISE ; Winford MOSHY
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013;3(4):303-306
OBJECTIVETo establish and estimate incidence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), using abattoir survey as a diagnostic tool in slaughtered cattle in Northern Tanzania.
METHODSA total of 4 460 cattle were slaughtered in five abattoirs in 3 northern zone regions (Arusha, Kilimanjaro and Tanga) during the period of January to May 2004. They were examined ante-mortem for 'pneumonia signs', and 'characteristic contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) lung lesions'.
RESULTSForty-one (0.91%) of the slaughtered cattle, the majority of which were Tanzania short horn zebu, had gross lung lesions suggestive of CBPP. The prevalence of lesions was significantly (P<0.05) higher in Karatu abattoir compared to others. No animal was detected to have lesion in Bomang' ombe abattoir. The most observed pneumonic signs included labored breathing (90%), dry cough (57%) and mucopurulent nasal discharge (47%). The gross characteristic CBPP pathological lesion, frequently encountered was left lung lesion (47%), pinkish lung (71%) and pleural adhesion (98%). Epidemiological reports show that the CBPP reported outbreaks increased from 19 in 2002, 65 in 2003 and 18 in 2004 (January-March). The corresponding number of reported deaths increased from 137 in 2002, 269 in 2003 and 77 in 2004 (January-March).
CONCLUSIONSIt's concluded from this study that CBPP is a problem in spite of the extensive awareness and vaccination campaigns. Nevertheless, a continued surveillance programme including routine checks of all cattle carcasses at the abattoir and subsequent epidemiological investigation of suspected cases are recommended.
Abattoirs ; Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases ; epidemiology ; Incidence ; Pleuropneumonia, Contagious ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Public Health Surveillance ; Tanzania ; epidemiology
5.Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Toxocara vitulorum Infections in Buffalo and Cattle Calves in Three Provinces of Central Cambodia.
Pierre DORNY ; Brecht DEVLEESSCHAUWER ; Valerie STOLIAROFF ; Meas SOTHY ; Rortana CHEA ; Bunthon CHEA ; Hor SOURLOING ; Sum SAMUTH ; Seth KONG ; Koemseang NGUONG ; San SORN ; Davun HOLL ; Jozef VERCRUYSSE
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2015;53(2):197-200
The prevalence and associated risk factors of Toxocara vitulorum infection in buffalo and cattle calves was studied in 3 provinces in central Cambodia. Fecal samples were collected from 517 calves between the age of 1-15 weeks and processed for nematode egg counts by a modified McMaster method. A total of 64 calves were found to excrete T. vitulorum eggs in their feces (12.4%; 95% exact CI: 9.7-15.5). The mean fecal egg count was 2,798 EPG (SD=16,351; range=0-224,400). A multivariable generalized linear mixed model showed higher odds of T. vitulorum infection for buffalo versus cattle, for animals aged 4-8 weeks versus younger and older ones, and for animals with strongyle infection. There was no association with fecal consistency. Farmers should be aware of the potential impact of T. vitulorum, and treat their calves at the age of 2-3 weeks with anthelmintics such as benzimidazoles or pyrantel.
Animals
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Buffaloes
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Cambodia/epidemiology
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Cattle
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Cattle Diseases/*epidemiology/*parasitology/physiopathology
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Prevalence
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Toxocara/isolation & purification/physiology
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Toxocariasis/epidemiology/*parasitology/physiopathology
6.Estimation of Paratuberculosis Prevalence in Dairy Cattle in a Province of Korea using an Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay: Application of Bayesian Approach.
Son Il PAK ; Doo KIM ; Mo SALMAN
Journal of Veterinary Science 2003;4(1):51-56
To draw inferences about the sensitivity and specificity of the newly developed ELISA test for bovine paratuberculosis (PTB) diagnosis and posterior distribution on the prevalence of PTB in a province of Korea, we applied Bayesian approach with Gibbs sampler to the data extracted from the prevalence study in 1999. The data were from a single test results without a designated gold test. The prevalence estimates for PTB in study population ranged 3.2~5.3% for conservative and 6.7~7.1% for liberal, depending on the priors used. The simulated specificities of the ELISA close to one another, ranging 84.7~90.6%, whereas the sensitivity was somewhat spread out depending largely on the priors with a range of 46.4~88.2%. Our findings indicate that the ELISA method appeared useful as a screening tool at a minimum level in comparison to other diagnostic tests available for this disease in terms of sensitivity. However, this advantage comes at a cost of having low specificity of the test.
Animals
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Bayes Theorem
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Cattle
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Cattle Diseases/*epidemiology
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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/*methods
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Korea/epidemiology
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Paratuberculosis/*epidemiology
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Prevalence
7.Beef from the United States: Is It Safe?.
Keun Soo KIM ; Taesu KIM ; Hanbyul CHOI ; Christine AHN ; Christopher C LEE
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2016;31(7):1009-1010
No abstract available.
Animals
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Cattle
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Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform/epidemiology
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Meat/*analysis
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United States
9.Intestinal Parasite Infections in Pigs and Beef Cattle in Rural Areas of Chungcheongnam-do, Korea.
Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed ISMAIL ; Hyung Kyu JEON ; Yong Man YU ; Changhee DO ; Young Ha LEE
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2010;48(4):347-349
The present study was performed to investigate the infection status of intestinal parasites in pigs and beef cattle in rural areas of Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. From November 2009 to April 2010, a total of 241 fecal samples of pigs and beef cattle (136 and 105, respectively) were examined by direct smear and centrifugal sedimentation methods. The overall positive rates of intestinal parasites among pigs and beef cattle were 73.5% and 4.8%, respectively, and the double-infection rate was 10.3% in pigs. Of 136 specimens from pigs, Balantidium coli, Ascaris suum, and Entamoeba spp. infections were found in 88 (64.7%), 24 (17.6%), and 5 cases (3.7%), respectively. Of 105 beef cattle, Entamoeba spp. infections were detected in 5 cases (4.8%). From these results, it is shown that pigs raised on rural farms in Chungcheongnam-do had a high B. coli infection rate and a moderate A. suum infection rate. These results demonstrate that environmentally resistant cysts or eggs could be widespread on the farms examined, and thus an effective hygienic management system is needed to prevent them from serving as the source of infection for human beings.
Animals
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Cattle
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Cattle Diseases/*epidemiology/parasitology
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Feces/parasitology
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Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology/*veterinary
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Korea/epidemiology
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Parasitic Diseases, Animal/*epidemiology
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Prevalence
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Rural Population
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Swine
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Swine Diseases/*epidemiology/parasitology
10.Pregnancy loss in dairy cows: the contributing factors, the effects on reproductive performance and the economic impact.
Journal of Veterinary Science 2007;8(3):283-288
This study investigated the effects of the herd, cowparity, the insemination protocol and season on the incidenceof pregnancy loss (PL) in dairy herds. Furthermore, wedetermined the downstream effects of PL on reproductiveperformance and its economic impact. The overallincidence rate of PL was 6.9% in 1,001 pregnant cows andits incidence peaked (p<0.01) during the second trimesterof gestation. GLIMMIX analysis revealed that cow paritywas the important risk factor for the PL. The odds ratioshowed that the likelihood of PL in cows with parities of 1or 2 was decreased by 0.6 or 0.5 fold compared to the cowswith a parity of 3 or higher. Following PL, the mean rateof endometritis was 23.2% and endometritis was morecommon (p<0.05) when PL occurred during the thirdtrimester than during the first and second trimesters. Themean culling rate was 46.4% and this did not differ withthe period of PL. The overall mean intervals from PL tothe first service and conception were 63.4 and 101.8 days,respectively. The mean interval from PL to first servicewas longer (p<0.01) for cows with PL during the thirdtrimester than for the cows with PL during the first andsecond trimesters. The economic loss resulting from eachPL was estimated at approximately $2,333, and this waslargely due to an extended calving interval and increasedculling. These results suggest that cow parity affects theincidence of PL, which extends calving interval and causessevere economic loss of dairy herds.
Abortion, Veterinary/economics/*epidemiology
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Animals
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Cattle
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Cattle Diseases/economics/*epidemiology
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Dairying/methods
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Endometritis/epidemiology
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Female
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Incidence
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Insemination
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Korea/epidemiology
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Parity
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Pregnancy