The Master of Translation and Interpreting (MTI) program in Universities of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in China should be committed to cultivating translation knowledge, medical knowl-edge, core translation competences and related translation professionalism. The program should develop various courses focusing on bilingual language ability, translation knowledge, translation strategy, TCM knowledge, intercultural communication competence, terminology and information communication technology. It should adopt student-centered teaching approaches and engage in the cultivation of faculty in order to improve the translation competence for MTI students in TCM universities.

The integration of medical humanities and College English is based on the actual needs of the development of College English and medical humanities in medical colleges and universities in China. Under the guidance of theory of content and language integrated learning (CLIL), the medical humanities and College English integrated teaching should use English medical literature and medical videos to develop students' medical humanities literacy. It should adoptstudent-centeredteaching approaches, such as case-based teaching, task-based teaching, medical humanistic practice, and autonomous learning. It should also optimize the evaluation methods. The purpose of the teaching model is to create a real English learning context for medical humanities in which students can improve their English proficiency, enrich their medical humanities literacy, and expand their international horizon as well.

Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy

Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is a serine/threonine kinase.Several signaling pathways,such as growth factors and Wnts,inhibit the GSK3β activity,thereby it promotes cell survival At the time of cerebral ischemia,with the changes of the phosphorylated GSK3β level,its upstream and downstream phosphorylation levels also change.Ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning may induce cerebral ischemic tolerance by regulating the GSK3β signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE:To observe therapeutic efficacy and side effect of perospirone in the treatment of elderly depression. METHODS:64 elderly patients with depression were randomly divided into paroxetine combined with perospirone group (drug combination group) and paroxetine group (single drug group) with 32 patients in each group. Both groups were given paroxetine 20-40 mg/d,and drug combination group was additionally given perospirone 4-8 mg/d. HAMD and CGI-SI were adopted to evalu-ate therapeutic efficacy after 8 weeks treatment,and side effect was evaluated with TESS scale;those were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:After 8 weeks treatment,the effective rate of drug combination group and single drug group were 75.0% and 50.0%;there was statistical significance(P<0.05). There was statistically significant difference in HAMD and CGI-SI scores be-tween two groups(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Small-dose of perospirone can improve therapeutic efficacy of paroxetine in the treatment of elderly depression with less side effect and good safety.

p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is an important intracellular signaling transduction pathway.Its major role is involved in inflammatory regulation and apoptosis.p38 MAPK is activated during the cerebral ischemia.Its expression level and the upstream and downstream protein phosphorylation levels will change.Ischemic preconditioning may mediate the survival or death of neuronal cells after cerebral ischemia through signaling transduction pathway.

Autophagy is a degradation process of intracellular composition.It can be divided into four different stages,including initiation,elongation,maturation and autophagosome breakdown.Its role is associated with the degree of cell damage.Moderate activation of autophagy in the case of starvation and hypoxia can promote cell survival; whereas excessive activation during cerebral ischemia can cause cell lysis and promote cell death.Preconditioning may produce ischemic tolerance by appropriate activation of autophagy.Autophagy is strictly regulated by a variety of protein kinases,apoptotic molecules and oxidative stress pathways.

Hypoxia-induciole factor-1 (HIF-1) is an important transcription factor.It participates in the body's response to the hypoxic environment mainly through its active subunit HIF-1α.During cerebral ischemia and hypoxia,the expression of HIF-1α is upregulated and may activate the expressions of multiple downstream target genes involving glycolysis,vascular growth,cell survival and apoptosis.It has an important significance for the improvement of energy metabolism and the establishment of microcirculation after cerebral ischemia.HIF-1α can not only promote the neuronal survival,but also mediate delayed neuronal death.A variety of preconditioning and postconditioning methods may regulate the survival and death of neuronal cells by activating HIF-1α.

After being activated by the growth factor-mediated receptor tyrosine kinase phosphorylation, Akt activates a series of substrate molecules, including Forkhead transcription factors etc, which regulate cell survival and death. With the changes of Akt phosphorylation levels (Ser473) after cerebral ischemia, its upstream and downstream protein phosphorylation levels have also changed. Preconditioning may produce ischemic tolerance by changing the levels of Akt protein phosphoryiation. Dysfunction of Akt/PKB signal transduction pathway may mediated neuronal death after cerebral ischemia.