The Master of Translation and Interpreting (MTI) program in Universities of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in China should be committed to cultivating translation knowledge, medical knowl-edge, core translation competences and related translation professionalism. The program should develop various courses focusing on bilingual language ability, translation knowledge, translation strategy, TCM knowledge, intercultural communication competence, terminology and information communication technology. It should adopt student-centered teaching approaches and engage in the cultivation of faculty in order to improve the translation competence for MTI students in TCM universities.

The integration of medical humanities and College English is based on the actual needs of the development of College English and medical humanities in medical colleges and universities in China. Under the guidance of theory of content and language integrated learning (CLIL), the medical humanities and College English integrated teaching should use English medical literature and medical videos to develop students' medical humanities literacy. It should adoptstudent-centeredteaching approaches, such as case-based teaching, task-based teaching, medical humanistic practice, and autonomous learning. It should also optimize the evaluation methods. The purpose of the teaching model is to create a real English learning context for medical humanities in which students can improve their English proficiency, enrich their medical humanities literacy, and expand their international horizon as well.

A robust, direct, rapid and non-destructive X-ray diffraction crystallography method for detecting the Tibetan medicine Zuotai is presented. Powder samples of Zuotai, cinnabar and calomel were unambiguously characterized using powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD) by comparing a practical identification of metacinnabar in the analyzed material, which confirmed the present of metacinnabar in Zuotai. At the same time, 11 strong lines in the fingerprint of Zuotai were selected to indicate the effective constituents of Zuotai, which were listed in the form of d-( I/I0 )%: metacinnabar 3.356 4/100, 2.061 4/55.0, 2.911 8/35.0, 1.760 1/37.0, 1.339 5/12.0, 1.304 5/10.0, 1.192 0/10.0, 1.683 4/7.0, 1.458 0/5.6. sulfur 3.824 4/100, 3.197 5/40.2, 3.442 2/38.1, 3.095 6/19.7, 5.690 9/16.8, 2.851 0/16.3, 2.414 4/11.3. The results showed that mercury chemical state is metacinnabar with sulfur in Tibetan medicine Zuotai. This method should be supplemented to quality control of rare traditonal Chinese medicine.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Tibet ; X-Ray Diffraction

Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy

The basic functions of the Na+/K+ -ATPase is to maintain the balance of the Na+/K+ electrochemical gradient. The latter is indispensable for maintaining cell osmotic pressure,regulating cell volume,and maintaining excitable membrane resting potential. The maintenance of the Na+/K+ -ATPase activity plays the important roles in neurotransmitter uptake in neurons and Ca2+ effiux. The decreased Na+/K+ -ATPase activity and dysfunction participate in the process of ischemic brain injury after cerebral ischemia. Ischemic precondi-tioning induces ischemic tolerance by maintaining the Na+/K+ -ATPase activity after ischemia.Cardiotonic steroids and citicoline may play a neuroprotective effect on cerebral ischemia by improving the Na +/K+ -ATPase activity.

β-Catenin is an adhesion molecule that mediates intercellular adhesion.It can be activated by the classical Wnt signaling pathway and promote cell survival.During cerebral ischemia,the stability of β-catenin decreases and the phosphorylated β-catenin level increases.Up-regulation of β-catenin can inhibit the schemia-induced neuronal apoptosis,promote neurogenesis,maintain the stability of blood-brain-barrier,and protect against cerebral injury.

Glutamate is an essential excitatory neurotransmitter which regulates brain functions.An increase in extracellular glutamate could excessively activate ionotropic glutamate receptors,initiate calcium overload,and lead to cell death after cerebral ischemia.Glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) is one of the major glutamate transporters expressed predominantly in astrocytes.Astrocytes also express the enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS) which converts the glutamate to glutamine; the latter is then 'recycled' into neurons.Pretreatment with ceftriaxone (CEF),ischemia and intermittent hypobaric hypoxia could lead to neuroprotection by increasing the expression of GLT-1 and regulating the activity of glutamate transporter in brain.

Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is a serine/threonine kinase.Several signaling pathways,such as growth factors and Wnts,inhibit the GSK3β activity,thereby it promotes cell survival At the time of cerebral ischemia,with the changes of the phosphorylated GSK3β level,its upstream and downstream phosphorylation levels also change.Ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning may induce cerebral ischemic tolerance by regulating the GSK3β signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE:To observe therapeutic efficacy and side effect of perospirone in the treatment of elderly depression. METHODS:64 elderly patients with depression were randomly divided into paroxetine combined with perospirone group (drug combination group) and paroxetine group (single drug group) with 32 patients in each group. Both groups were given paroxetine 20-40 mg/d,and drug combination group was additionally given perospirone 4-8 mg/d. HAMD and CGI-SI were adopted to evalu-ate therapeutic efficacy after 8 weeks treatment,and side effect was evaluated with TESS scale;those were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:After 8 weeks treatment,the effective rate of drug combination group and single drug group were 75.0% and 50.0%;there was statistical significance(P<0.05). There was statistically significant difference in HAMD and CGI-SI scores be-tween two groups(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Small-dose of perospirone can improve therapeutic efficacy of paroxetine in the treatment of elderly depression with less side effect and good safety.