Interferons are potent cytokines with antiviral activity that have been founded earliest. Different types of interferons have similar bioactivity, Such as anti-viruses activity, anti-tumor activity and immune modulation. They are induced by virus infection and trigger the host defense by different mechanisms. Firstly, IFNs directly induce the expression of effector proteins with antiviral activity, thus establishing a first line of defense. Secondly, they help to shape adaptive immunity, leading to long-lasting protection. Due to the key position of IFNs in antiviral defense, viruses have evolved effective countermeasures in order to successfully invade the host. By expressing so-called IFN antagonists, viruses interfere with either IFN induction, IFN signaling, or the action of IFN effector proteins.

Breath Tests ; Humans ; Mining ; Pneumoconiosis ; diagnosis ; Radon ; analysis

Objective To obtain the intestines absorption of TPGS-CS/PTX polymeric micelles in rats, a drug-loaded micelle system was established by a kind of amphiphilic copolymer, D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate-chitosan (TPGS-CS) was prepared by grafting D-α-tocopherol polyethyleneglycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) as the donor of the micelle hydrophobic group on chitosan (CS) as bioadhesive material, and loading paclitaxel as model drug. Methods TPGS was activated by its hydroxy-terminal carboxylation with succinic anhydride (SA) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). The TPGS-CS copolymer was prepared by the amidation of free amino groups on CS. The chemical structure of the TPGS-CS grafted copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The polymer micelle loading paclitaxel was selected as model drug and TPGS-CS/PTX was prepared by ultrasonic emulsification method. The encapsulation efficacy (EE) and drug loading (DL) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The particle size, Zeta potential, and size distribution of the micelle system were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The surface morphology of the micelles was investigated by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The in vivo intestines absorption rate (Ka) of paclitaxel-loaded TPGS-CS micelle was calculated in rats. Results The results of FT-IR and 1H NMR indicated that the copolymer (TPGS-CS) was synthesized. The TEM result showed that the formed particles were uniform in shape without aggregation. The Ka of TPGS-CS/PTX was 20 percent higher in comparison to the reference preparation, it indicated that this polymeric micelles could increase bioavailability. Conclusion The proposed TPGS-CS copolymer was successfully synthesized in this experiment, and the drug-loaded micelles prepared by ultrasonic emulsification exhibited good characteristics compared with the reference preparation, the Ka of paclitaxel was increased to some extent to promote oral absorption of the drug.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular ; classification ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery

China ; Clinical Competence ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Pathology, Clinical ; education ; Periodicals as Topic

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of late diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases (LD) in Sanya from 2010 to 2021, and to provide evidence for reducing the LD rate. Methods　The database was downloaded from the AIDS Prevention and Control Information System of China's Disease Prevention and Control Information System and newly reported HIV/AIDS cases between 2010 and 2021 in Sanya were included, identified LD according to the LD criteria proposed by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2014 and analyzed the relevant factors of LD. Results　From 2010 to 2021, a total of 710 research objects were included in this study. The proportion of LD was 33.4% (237/710), and decreased from 95.5% to 22.4% between 2010 and 2021 (χ2trend=34.777, P<0.001). Ethnic groups, educational level, sample sources and confirmed date were the relevant factors of LD of HIV/AIDS in Sanya City. The proportion of LD was 56.8% in Li ethnic group, which was higher than that in Han ethnic (OR=2.253, 95%CI=1.361-3.670). The proportion of LD of patients who were middle school and less was 55.5%, which were more likely to be LD than high school or above (OR=1.722, 95%CI=1.072-2.765). The proportion of LD was 56.8% in patients whose samples were from medical institutions or testing consultation were more likely to be LD than MSM (OR=5.564, 95%CI=3.278-9.444; OR=2.204, 95%CI=1.239-3.923). Compared with patients who were confirmed between 2018-2021, the patients derived from 2010 to 2013 had higher LD (OR=2.246, 95%CI=1.311-4.488). Conclusion　The LD of HIV/AIDS in Sanya cannot be ignored, especially the HIV/AIDS from counseling and testing and medical institutions. We should strengthen HIV testing, strengthen health education.

Objective To explore the influence of application of health management strategy on quality of life in outpatients with functional dyspepsia (FD). Methods A total of 140 FD patients were divided into the intervention group and the control group by random digits table method with 70 cases in each. The patients in the intervention group received the researchers on the implementation of health management strategy, and the patients in the control group were given routine outpatient health education and telephone follow- up. Before and after the intervention in one month or three, the FD patients Quality of Life Scale (FDDQL) was used to evaluate the quality condition of the patient's life. Results Eventually 65 cases in the intervention group and 61 cases in the control group completed the research. 1 months after intervention in the intervention group, total score of life quality and score of each dimension rose faster, in addition to the dimension of pressure, total score and daily activities, anxiety, diet, sleep, feeling unwell, health, disease control dimension scores were 73.84 ± 3.45, 81.22±4.55, 71.58±6.19, 73.05±5.14, 74.74± 5.58, 74.72±3.91, 79.26±5.85, 73.75±6.32, higher than 60.59 ±5.06, 76.04±6.06, 68.41±9.78, 69.52±6.68,66.63±9.87, 64.37±6.24, 54.50±7.96, 50.76±7.54, the difference was statistically significant (t =2.160-20.590, P < 0.01 or < 0.05). Three months after intervention, the intervention group the total score of life quality and score of daily activities, anxiety, diet, sleep, feeling unwell, health, disease control, pressure dimension scores were 76.35±3.74, 85.21±5.34, 80.15±5.86, 73.21±4.99, 75.49±6.81, 75.46±3.80, 79.35± 6.39, 74.06±6.74, 70.86±7.00, significantly higher than 58.60±5.22, 72.02±6.53, 59.26±7.81, 60.90±6.36, 61.19±9.08, 62.24±6.02, 54.15±8.25, 50.13±7.67, 60.02±5.67 in the control group, the difference of two groups was statistically significant (t = 5.726-19.946, P < 0.01). Conclusions Using health management strategy intervention for FD outpatients will improve FD patient′s quality of life.

Objective To explore life experience in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with the habit of exercise for more than 5 years,to enhance the confidence of participating in the rehabilitation in other patients, to help the medical staff pay more attention to guide the patients with COPD to take up the rehabilitation exercise. Methods The narrative research method in qualitative research was used to analyze the collected data. Results The study found that the coping approach of the contradiction between exercise and dyspnea, the ability to live together with the disease peacefully and the enthusiasm of persuing life were deserved to be learned. Conclusions Full of perseverance and persisted rehabilitation exercise may alleviate the symptoms, reduce the number of acute exacerbation of COPD and improve the quality of life for COPD patients. Medical staff should encourage COPD patients to participate in the rehabilitation in the right time with appropriate methods.

Objective:To investigate the clinical results of implantation in patients with chronic localized periodontitis.Methods: 21 patients with chronic localized periodontitis who received 57 implants were studed.The patients were followed up for one year after implants loading.Results: There were 4 implantation failures.Another 53 implants had a good osseointegration.The success rate was 92.98%.The marginal bone resorption was about(0.77?0.32) mm after one year loading.Conclusion: The clinical outcome of dental implants in selected group of patients with well-controlled chronic localize periodontitis is satisfying.Further investigations and clinical trials is needed to determine the long-term survival of implants in patients with chronic localize periodontitis.

To explore the cause and pathology of hemifacial spasm and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of butulin A, 240 HFS patients were studied for therapeutic efficacy of multifocal facial injections with botulin A. Symptomatic alleviations after the injection were graded in comparison with the symptoms in the pre-treatment stage. Electromyography (EMG) was performed in 68 patients at random. Following the treatment, 96% of the patients were relieved of symptomes, but in 80% of the patients the symptom relapsed about one half a year later. The results showed that the latent period of EMG was longer than normal facial muscle, and the amplitude of evoked movement potential of EMG of orbiticularis occuli muscle and orbiticularis oris muscle was decreased. The cause of hemifacial spasm was resulted from pathological stimulation of the facial nerve, producing abnormal nervous conduction. The therapeutic hemifacial spasm with botulin A is an easy and effective method.