Just as hyperbetalipoproteinemia is the most common kind of familiar hyperlipoproteinemia, hyperprebetalipoproteinemia or increased very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and its associated hypertriglyceridemia is an abnormality frequently found in association with several metabolic and nutritional disorders. This VLDL abnormality is demonstrable in high percentage of insulin dependent diabetic children before they receive treatment. It is also observed in many older, overweight, insulin resistant diabetic, with poor control of diabetes. An elevation of VLDL was also observed after ethanol intake. A mild to moderate degree of VLDL elevation is the most frequently observed from of clinical hyperlipidemia. Many investigators reported that hyperprebetalipoproteinemia (hypertriglyceridemia) is associated with an increasing incidence of coronary artery disease. As opposed to hyperbetalipoproteinemia, hyperprebetalipoproteinemia is prone to influence on the development of atherosclerosis in the middle and older aged persons which indicates the importance of triglyceride determination in these aged groups. There has been relatively rare study reported on the triglyceride metabolism in patients with congestive heart failure, essential hypertension and liver disease in Korea. This study was designed to determine serum triglyceride, free fatty acid and glycerol in the disease mentioned in Busan University Hospital between jan. 1975 and December 1976 and analized the change of lipid profile in each different condition. The results were as follows; 1. The mean of serum FFA, triglyceride and glycerol in the 37 normal were as follows 502.32+/-146.54microEq/L, 111.84+/-40.53mg% and 432.00+/-212.13microM/ml. 2. 23 patients with congestive heart failure showed a significant reduction in serum triglycerides (91.96+/-27.80mg%) and a significant increase in serum free fatty acid (576.77+/-129.67microEqL) and glycerol (432.50+/-212.13microM/ml). 3. In 15 patients with essential hypertension a significant elevation of serum triglycerides (149.38+/-42.28mg%) was noted. 4. In 13 patients with liver cirrhosis, a reduction in serum triglycerides (80.50+/-34.27mg%) was noted.
Atherosclerosis ; Busan ; Child ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)* ; Ethanol ; Glycerol* ; Heart Failure* ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV ; Hyperlipoproteinemias ; Hypertension* ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; Incidence ; Insulin ; Korea ; Lipoproteins ; Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver Diseases ; Liver* ; Metabolism ; Nutrition Disorders ; Overweight ; Research Personnel ; Triglycerides*

Glucose and lipid metabolism are linked to each other in many ways. The most important clinical manifestation of this interaction is diabetic dyslipidemia, characterized by elevated triglycerides, low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and predominance of small-dense LDL particles. However, in the last decade we have learned that the interaction is much more complex. Hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C cannot only be the consequence but also the cause of a disturbed glucose metabolism. Furthermore, it is now well established that statins are associated with a small but significant increase in the risk for new onset diabetes. The underlying mechanisms are not completely understood but modulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG CoA)-reductase may play a central role as genetic data indicate that mutations resulting in lower HMG CoA-reductase activity are also associated with obesity, higher glucose concentrations and diabetes. Very interestingly, this statin induced increased risk for new onset type 2 diabetes is not detectable in subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia. Furthermore, patients with familial hypercholesterolemia seem to have a lower risk for type 2 diabetes, a phenomenon which seems to be dose-dependent (the higher the low density lipoprotein cholesterol, the lower the risk). Whether there is also an interaction between lipoprotein(a) and diabetes is still a matter of debate.
Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dyslipidemias* ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II ; Hyperlipoproteinemias ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; Lipid Metabolism* ; Lipoprotein(a) ; Metabolism ; Obesity ; Triglycerides

We observed the levels of serum cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol in 28-hyperlipidemic patients after treatment with procetofene(Lipanthyl(R)), a new hypolipidemic agent. The results were as follows. 1. The hyperlipidemic patients were 7 cases of pure hypercholesterolemia, 12 cases of mixed hyperlipidemia and 9 cases of pure hypertriglyceridemia. 2. All the patients were treated with daily dose of 200 to 400mg, usually 300mg, and duration of more than 12 weeks. 3. The serum cholesterol decreased significantly at the rate of 29% in pure hypercholes terolemia and 29% in mixed hyperlipidemia after treatment for 12 weeks. 4. The serum triglyceride decreased significantly at the rate of 58% in mixed hyperlipidemia and 42% in pure hypertriglyceridemia after treatment for 12 weeks. 5. The serum HDL-cholesterol increased at the rate of 10% in pure hypercholesterolemia, 14% in mixed hyperlipidemia and 26% in pure hypertriglyceridemia after treatment for 12 weeks, but the increase rate was statistically significant only in pure hypertriglyceridemia. 6. Transient epigastric discomfort was complained by 2 patients, but subsided spontaneously with continuous treatment. 7. In view of these results, procetofene appears to be an effective and well tolerated agent for the treatment of all the types of hyperlipidemia.
Cholesterol ; Fenofibrate ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; Triglycerides

The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in Koreans 30 years old and over was 19.5% in 2015 according to the Korean Nutrition and Health Examination Survey, which means that one-fifth of adults had hypercholesterolemia. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in adults 30 years of age and older was 16.8% in 2015, and men had a 2-fold higher prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia than women (23.9% vs. 10.4%). The awareness of hypercholesterolemia in Koreans was higher in women than among men (62.4% vs. 51.4%). It increased with age; the level of awareness in participants 30 to 49 years of age (32.1% in men and 32.6% in women) was less than half of that observed among respondents ≥65 years old (77.5% in men and 78.0% in women). Regular check-ups for dyslipidemia and the active management thereof are urgent in Korean men aged 30 to 49. In women, the perimenopausal period is crucial for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome, including dyslipidemia. Overall, improvements in awareness and treatment in the age group of 30 to 49 years in both men and women remain necessary.
Adult ; Dyslipidemias* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; Male ; Prevalence* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Familial combined hyperlipidemia, otherwise known as type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia or multiple lipoprotein-type hyperlipidemia is an inherited disorder of high serum cholesterol or high blood triglycerides. This disease is genetic and inherited, although the specific defective genes have not been identified. The person's cholesterol or triglyceride become elevated during the teenage years and continue to be high throughout life. The types of elevated lipoproteins may vary between affected family members. Its clinical manifestations include lipid disposition on the skin or tendons called "xanthomas" as well as on the arteries. People with this condition have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease so that it is essential to recognize early this type of disorder. We report a case of a 37 year-old male who presented with a bilateral yellowish to reddish nodules on the elbows, knees, ankles, malleoili, ventral aspect of both hands, fingers, feet and toes, metacarpophalangeal & proximal interphalangeal joints, back and buttocks of six years duration with an elevated levels.

Human ; Male ; Adult ; Ankle ; Arteries ; Buttocks ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined ; Hyperlipoproteinemias ; Lipoproteins ; Tendons ; Toes ; Triglycerides ; Xanthomatosis

No abstract available.
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV* ; Hyperlipoproteinemias ; Xanthomatosis*

A 61-year-old female patient presented with the type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) in association with generalized eruptive and tuberous xanthomas. She had hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, and extensive coronary atherosclerosis. Further studies revealed a positive standing plasma test, abnormal beta-very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) on lipoprotein electrophoresis, markedly elevated very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) to plasma triglycerides (TG) ratio (0.86) and homozygosity for apolipoprotein E2. After about one year of therapy with lipid-lowering agents and diet restriction, a significant reduction of serum cholesterol and TG was observed and the yellowish orange discolorations of palmar creases disappeared from her palms.
Apolipoprotein E2 ; Cholesterol ; Citrus sinensis ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Diet ; Electrophoresis ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type III* ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; Lipoproteins ; Middle Aged ; Plasma ; Triglycerides ; Xanthomatosis*

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome

The hyperlipoproteinemias are the disturbance of lipid transport resulted from accelerated synthesis or retarded degradation of lipoproteins that transport cholesterol and trigycerides through plasma. These diseases are classified as type I, type IIa, type IIb, type III, type IV, type V, and hyper- -lipoproteinemia by lipoprotein phenotype. Type V hyperlipoproteinemia is uncommon in childhood and characterized by elevation of triglyceride levels due to increases in both VLDL and chylomicrons and lipoprotein electrophoresis shows increased pre- , , and chylomicron bands. We experienced a case of hyperlipoproteinemia type V in a 12 year old male who presented no specific signs and symptoms. So, we report a case of hyperlipoproteinemia type V with brief review of the literatures.
Child ; Cholesterol ; Chylomicrons ; Electrophoresis ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type V* ; Hyperlipoproteinemias ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Phenotype ; Plasma ; Triglycerides

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and the second most common cause of death in Korea. Dyslipidemia is among the major modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. To develop effective guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia, it is important to understand the epidemiologic characteristics of dyslipidemia in the target population. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in the Korean population has been reported variously from 30% to higher than 60%, but, in general, the prevalence of dyslipidemia among Koreans has been increasing. Among the subtypes of dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia and hyper-LDL cholesterolemia are relatively uncommon in Korea compared to other high-income countries. On the other hand, hypertriglyceridemia and hypo-HDL cholesterolemia are very common in Korea. Recent data shows that total and LDL cholesterol levels are increasing in the Korean population, while triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels have not been changing. As a consequence, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hyper-LDL cholesterolemia is increasing. These data reinforce the need to make a greater effort toward the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cause of Death ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Dyslipidemias* ; Epidemiology* ; Hand ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; Korea* ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides