Chronic glomerulonephritis is with edema, proteinuria, hematuria and high blood pressure as the main clinical manifestations. The pathogenesis is complex, and disease locations are related to the lung, spleen, kidney, heart, and liver. Based on the relationship between lung and chronic glomerulonephritis, this article discussed the feasibility, common treatment and prescription of chronic glomerulonephritis from the lung, which could provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis in clinic.

Emotion theory is an important part of TCM theory. Huangdi Neijing systematically explains emotion theory and its clinical application from the aspects of physiology, pathology, treatment, and health preserving, and constructs relatively complete emotion theory system of TCM, which becomes the foundation of development of emotion theory for later generations. Deep discussion on emotion theory and adjusting methods in Huangdi Neijingis not only with important theoretical significance, but also with high clinical application values.

BACKGROUND: There are a variety of methods for establishing periprosthetic osteolysis animal model, and the models established by different methods and with different animals have their own characteristics.OBJECTIVE: To review the research profiles of the periprosthetic osteolysis and the characteristics of the various models, and to provide a reference for the related research. METHODS: The relevant articles on the periprosthetic osteolysis animal models were searched in PubMed from January 1999 to May 2017, with the key words of "animal model, osteolysis" in English by the computer. Similarly, Chinese Journal Full-text Database was retrieved for related articles published from January 1999 to May 2017, with the key words of "animal model, osteolysis" in Chinese. Articles that were unrelated to the periprosthetic osteolysis animal model were excluded. Classic and recently published articles were selected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The artificial induced animal models are the principal means to establish animal models of periprosthetic osteolysis and they have been widely used in the study of periprosthetic osteolysis pathogenesis, pathological process and treatment. (2) Small-animal models present many advantages: inexpensive to purchase, high physiological turnover, controlled source, homogenous and established genetic background. However, a limitation of these small-animal models is that the temporal pattern of osteolysis is different from the long-term osteolysis that occurs in patients. (3) The large animal model is more similar to the bone dissolution process around the human prosthesis, but the cost is high; the breeding is difficult; the operation requirement is hard. Thus, its widespread use is limited. (4) Furthermore, innovative models that combine the advantages of both are also constantly explored. Overall, the selection of models should be based on research conditions and needs to be considered.

Objective To evaluate the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine-threonine kinase (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway in carbon monoxide (CO)-induced up-regulation of the mitofusin-1 (Mfn1) expression in endotoxin-challenged rat alveolar macrophages.Methods Alveolar macrophages obtained from the rats aged 12-20 weeks were subcuhured and seeded in 96 well plates at a density of 4× 104 cells/ml.After being cultured for 24 h,the cells were divided into 4 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),endotoxin group (group L),lipopolysaccharide (LPS) +CO-releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) group (group L+C) and LPS+CORM-2+PI3K inhibitor LY294002 group (group L+C+LY).Cells were cultured normally in group C.Cells were stimulated by using LPS 10 μg/ml in L,L+C and L+C+LY groups.In group L+C,CORM-2 100 μmol was given at 1 h before stimulation with LPS.In group L+C+LY,LY294002 20 μg and CORM-2 100 μ mol were given at 1.5 and 1.0 h before stimulation with LPS,respectively.The cells were continuously incubated for 24 h after the end of treatment.The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the supernatant were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The expression of PI3K,phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and Mfn1 in cells was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the concentration of TNF-α was significantly increased,and the IL-10 concentration was decreased in L,L+C and L+C+LY groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group L,the concentration of IL-10 was significantly increased,the TNF-α concentration was decreased,and the expression of PI3K,p-Akt and Mfn1 was up-regulated in group L+C (P＜0.05).Compared with group L+C,the concentration of IL-10 was significantly decreased,the TNF-α concentration was increased,and the expression of PI3K,p-Akt and Mfn1 was down-regulated in group L+C+LY (P＜0.05).Conclusion PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in CO-induced up-regulation of Mfn1 expression in endotoxin-challenged rat alveolar macrophages.

BACKGROUND: In terms of both phenotype and function, macrophages have remarkable heterogeneity. In respond to various environmental cues or under different pathophysiologic conditions, macrophages can be polarized into different phenotypes, that is, pro-inflammatory M1 phenotypes (classical activated marcrophage) or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes (alternative activated marcrophage). Macrophage polarizatinton has been found to play an important role in periprosthetic osteolysis. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research status and new progress of the concept of macrophage polarization, the relationship between osteolysis as well as treatment methods of osteolysis. METHODS: A computer-based online retrieval was performed for the literature concerning macrophage polarization and periprosthetic osteolysis in PubMed and CNKI databases published from January 1999 to March 2017. Unrelated researches on macrophage polarization were excluded. The keywords were "macrophage polarization, wear particles, and osteolysis" in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The periprosthetic osteolysis after artifical joint replacement has a close relationship with macrophage, but few studies have been carried out from the respect of macrophage polarization.Most of researches are still on in vitro observation or experimental stage. (2) Current researches mainly show that macrophages can be polarized into different phenotypes by stimulation of wear particles and cytokines, the peri-implant macrophage phenotype has M1 characteristics and some cytokines can induce macrophages polarization to M2 type with anti-inflammatory characteristics. This conclusion has a broad prospect, but the related mechanisms still remain unclear, which need a further exploration.

Objective To explore the relationship between social participation and needs for rehabilitation of the disabled in Guangdong Province and to make a proposal for developing the rehabilitation strategies. Meth-ods The data of the Second National Sample Survey of Disabled Persons in Guangdong Province was used in this study. Ranked data analysis was made with the sub-items of the social participation assessment and the main needs of the disabled individuals. Results Significantly statistical differences were revealed with regard to the constitu-ent ratio of needs for rehabilitation services among people with different degrees of difficulties in social participation caused by hearing and visual impairments as well as physical and mental disabilities. No significant difference was found in terms of the constituent ratio of rehabilitation needs among those with difficulties in speech and those with psychiatric diseases. The major rehabilitation needs focused on medical service, assistive apparatus support and functional trainings. Conclusions The rehabilitation needs were different among different categories of disabled persons. Rehabilitation services should be provided accordingly.

The various mechanisms of kyphosis of the spine and the differential diagnosis of related diseases to guide the selection of appropriate surgical timing, correct spinal osteotomy and reasonable surgical methods. The 24 patients with kyphosis from January 2016 to January 2018 were diagnosed. All patients underwent kyphosis orthopedics, mainly spinal wedge osteotomy, to obtain orbital purpose by wedge osteotomy. The indexes of the spine form, activity, and pain were observed after operation. Of the 24 patients with kyphosis, 5 patients were treated conservatively, and the symptoms of kyphosis were effectively relieved. 19 patients underwent kyphosis orthopedic surgery, and the anterior spine and posterior closed osteotomy. The patients recovered well after surgery and were followed up regularly. The treatment of high anterior spine and posterior closed osteotomy in patients with kyphosis has accurate surgery effect. There are no complications such as pain and internal fixation during the regular follow-up.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expressions of chemokine receptors and interleukin (IL) receptors on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and their correlations with clinical features as well as SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI).

METHODSThe mRNA expressions of chemokine receptors and IL receptors on PBMCs of 93 SLE patients and 30 healthy controls were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, including CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR8, CXCR3, CXCRS, CX3CR1, XCR1, IL-4R, and IL-10R. The clinical features of SLE patients were recorded. The correlations of chemokine receptors and IL receptors mRNA expressions with clinical features as well as SLEDAI were assayed using linear regression analysis.

RESULTSThe level of CCR5 mRNA in SLE patients (including active and inactive SLE) was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between active and inactive patients in this respect (P > 0.05). CX3CR1 mRNA expression significantly increased from healthy control to inactive SLE to active SLE in sequence. The others (except for CCR8, CXCR3, and IL-10R) in active SLE patients were significantly higher than those in both inactive SLE patients and healthy controls (all P < 0.05). There were positive correlations between SLEDAI and CCR2 (r = 0.424, t = 4.313, P < 0.001), CCR3 (r = 0.518, t = 5.410, P < 0.001), CCR4 (r = 0.376, t = 3.851, P < 0.001), CCR6 (r = 0.457, t = 4.513, P < 0.001), CXCR5 (r = 0.455, t = 4.629, P < 0.001), CX3CR1 (r = 0.445, t = 4.523, P < 0.001), as well as XCR1 (r = 0.540, t = 5.445, P < 0.001). And CCR5 mRNA expression level was positively correlated with IL-4R mRNA (r = 0.313, t = 2.353, P < 0.05). The patients with myositis and cutaneous vasculitis simultaneously showed lower levels of CCR5 and CX3CR1, and CCR5 expression was negatively correlated with the scores of SLEDAI in SLE cases accompanied by photosensitivity (r = 0.426, t = -2.155, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIncreased expressions of CCR5 and CX3CR1 on PBMCs may be indicators in clinical survey for SLE.

Adolescent ; Adult ; CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1 ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; immunology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; etiology ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; blood ; Receptors, CCR5 ; genetics ; Receptors, Chemokine ; genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin-10 ; genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin-4 ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between estrogen receptor gene Px haplotype and the effect of calcium and soy isoflavone supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD) of Chinese postmenopausal women.

METHODSIt was a randomly controlling test for 12 months. The Pvu II and Xba I polymorphisms of ER-alpha gene were detected by using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) in 691 Chinese postmenopausal women, aged 45-65 years. In 497 carriers of definitive Pvu II-Xba I haplotype, 93 subjects were chosen randomly. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXEA). According to BMD T score in any skeleton site of 81 subjects at baseline, 29 subjects with T > or = -1.5 were grouped into observation group, and 52 subjects with T < -1.5 were randomly assigned into two intervention groups and received either a 100 mg soy isoflavone and 440 mg Ca and 100 IU VD supplement/d (n = 26) or 440 mg Ca and 100 IU VD supplement/d (n = 26). BMD of the whole body, lumber (L2-L4), and hip were measured at baseline and after 12 months.

RESULTSAfter one year fellow-up, the BMD at L2-L4, femur neck site and whole body were significantly decreased as compared with those of baseline (P < 0.05, change percent of BMD as follows: -3.31%, -3.09%, -1.88%) in observation group, and the whole body BMD was significantly lower at 12 month than that at baseline in subjects with Px haplotype (percent change was -2.44%, P < 0.05), but no difference was found in subjects without Px haplotype. Whole body and femur neck BMD were significantly decreased in both Ca group and Ca + soy isoflavone group, but no significant difference of change percent between two groups. There were no significant changes in L2-L4 and trochanter BMD irrespective of treatment. ER-alpha Px haplotype had no effect on the changes in BMD in both Ca group and Ca + soy isoflavone group.

CONCLUSIONThe rate of bone loss in Chinese postmenopausal women seems to haverelation to ER Px haplotype. Calcium supplementation for 1 year might lower the bone loss rate, but soy isoflavone supplementation for 1 year had notshowu no effects. The effect of supplementation had no relationship with ER Px haplotype.

Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; genetics ; Calcium Compounds ; pharmacology ; Dietary Supplements ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Isoflavones ; pharmacology ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Postmenopause ; Receptors, Estrogen ; genetics ; Soybean Proteins ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic mechanism of baicalin on rat brain glioma.

METHODSDeep brain glioma models were established by injection of glioma cell line C6 cells into the brain of Wistar rats. The rats at 7 days after modeling were randomly divided into tumor control group (0.9% NaCl solution 30 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1) gavage)and experimental groups. The experimental rats was divided into 3 groups: low dose group (50 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1)), middle dose group (100 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1)) and high dose group (200 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1)), given the baicalin by gavage. Pathological and electron microscopic changes were observed. The expressions of p53 and Bcl-2 were determined by immunohistochemistry, and the changes of MRI, the average survival time and body weight of the rats in each group after treatments were analyzed.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the tumor diameter and volume of high dose group rats before sacrifice were significantly reduced (P < 0.01), and the survival time was significantly prolonged (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry revealed strong positive expression rate of mutant p53 (84.47 ± 3.74)% and moderately positive rate (47.28 ± 2.38)% in the control group, significantly higher than that in the negative group (12.91 ± 1.07)% (P < 0.01). The positive rate of mutant p53 of the high dose group was (46.42 ± 2.19)%, significantly lower than that of the control group (84.47 ± 3.74)% (P < 0.01). The expression rate of Bcl-2 in the control group was strongly positive (86.51 ± 4.17)% and moderate positive (48.19 ± 2.11)%, significantly higher than that of the negative group (10.36 ± 1.43)% (P < 0.01). Electron microscopy revealed that baicalin caused damages of the cell nuclei and organelles in the gliomas.

CONCLUSIONSBaicalin has significant inhibitory effect on glioma in vivo, and its mechanism may be related to cell apoptosis induced by down-regulated expression of mutant p53, but not related with Bcl-2 expression.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Brain Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Cell Nucleus ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Down-Regulation ; Flavonoids ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Glioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tumor Burden ; drug effects ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism