Chronic glomerulonephritis is with edema, proteinuria, hematuria and high blood pressure as the main clinical manifestations. The pathogenesis is complex, and disease locations are related to the lung, spleen, kidney, heart, and liver. Based on the relationship between lung and chronic glomerulonephritis, this article discussed the feasibility, common treatment and prescription of chronic glomerulonephritis from the lung, which could provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis in clinic.

Objective To evaluate the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine-threonine kinase (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway in carbon monoxide (CO)-induced up-regulation of the mitofusin-1 (Mfn1) expression in endotoxin-challenged rat alveolar macrophages.Methods Alveolar macrophages obtained from the rats aged 12-20 weeks were subcuhured and seeded in 96 well plates at a density of 4× 104 cells/ml.After being cultured for 24 h,the cells were divided into 4 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),endotoxin group (group L),lipopolysaccharide (LPS) +CO-releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) group (group L+C) and LPS+CORM-2+PI3K inhibitor LY294002 group (group L+C+LY).Cells were cultured normally in group C.Cells were stimulated by using LPS 10 μg/ml in L,L+C and L+C+LY groups.In group L+C,CORM-2 100 μmol was given at 1 h before stimulation with LPS.In group L+C+LY,LY294002 20 μg and CORM-2 100 μ mol were given at 1.5 and 1.0 h before stimulation with LPS,respectively.The cells were continuously incubated for 24 h after the end of treatment.The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the supernatant were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The expression of PI3K,phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and Mfn1 in cells was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the concentration of TNF-α was significantly increased,and the IL-10 concentration was decreased in L,L+C and L+C+LY groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group L,the concentration of IL-10 was significantly increased,the TNF-α concentration was decreased,and the expression of PI3K,p-Akt and Mfn1 was up-regulated in group L+C (P＜0.05).Compared with group L+C,the concentration of IL-10 was significantly decreased,the TNF-α concentration was increased,and the expression of PI3K,p-Akt and Mfn1 was down-regulated in group L+C+LY (P＜0.05).Conclusion PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in CO-induced up-regulation of Mfn1 expression in endotoxin-challenged rat alveolar macrophages.

Objective To explore the relationship between social participation and needs for rehabilitation of the disabled in Guangdong Province and to make a proposal for developing the rehabilitation strategies. Meth-ods The data of the Second National Sample Survey of Disabled Persons in Guangdong Province was used in this study. Ranked data analysis was made with the sub-items of the social participation assessment and the main needs of the disabled individuals. Results Significantly statistical differences were revealed with regard to the constitu-ent ratio of needs for rehabilitation services among people with different degrees of difficulties in social participation caused by hearing and visual impairments as well as physical and mental disabilities. No significant difference was found in terms of the constituent ratio of rehabilitation needs among those with difficulties in speech and those with psychiatric diseases. The major rehabilitation needs focused on medical service, assistive apparatus support and functional trainings. Conclusions The rehabilitation needs were different among different categories of disabled persons. Rehabilitation services should be provided accordingly.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the Y chromosome microdeletions in the family of the infertile male and to study on the vertical transmission of Y chromosome microdeletions from father to son.

METHODSThe peripheral blood of infertile patients' family male members was extracted and analyzed with modified multiplex PCR. The infertile family tree was drawn according to the results.

RESULTSTwo cases in twelve investigated families had azoospermia factor (AZFc) microdeletion heredity. The others had no heredity.

CONCLUSIONAZFc microdeletion of the Y chromosome can be transmitted to the male offspring naturally,and the same deletion can result in different phenotypes in different individuals.

Adult ; Aged ; Azoospermia ; genetics ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; genetics ; Family Health ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedigree ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the morphologic and growing alterations of oral cancer cell line Tca8113 before and after cocultured with tumor stromal fibroblasts (TSF) and normal stromal fibroblasts (NSF) respectively, and evaluate the influence of mesenchymal cells on tumor cells.

METHODSTSF and NSF were isolated and cultured. To observe the morphologic change of Tca8113 cells after cocultured with TSF and NSF respectively.

RESULTSWhen cocultured with NSF, the Tca8113 cells proliferated as rapidly as monocultured to form colonies, while the NSF proliferated slowly to form pieces and then joined each other to form network. The NSF network segmented and surrounded the colonies of cancer cells so that the cancer cells shrank, turn round, broke away from the bottom and floated into the medium. The cancer cells proliferated actively but they were elbow out entirely in the end. TSF proliferated slowly when cocultured with cancer cells, projected several branched protrusions. The cancer cells proliferated along the two sides of protrusions of TSF, or projected short protrusions to connect the body or protrusions of TSF, and overlaid the protrusions gradually, finally, cover the body. In the end, TSF melt away, and the cancer cells took on the figure of TSF.

CONCLUSIONThe results do suggest that, oral cancer cell line Tca8113 are restrained when coculture with NSF, but are promoted when with TSF.

Cell Line ; Coculture Techniques ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Mouth Neoplasms

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic mechanism of baicalin on rat brain glioma.

METHODSDeep brain glioma models were established by injection of glioma cell line C6 cells into the brain of Wistar rats. The rats at 7 days after modeling were randomly divided into tumor control group (0.9% NaCl solution 30 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1) gavage)and experimental groups. The experimental rats was divided into 3 groups: low dose group (50 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1)), middle dose group (100 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1)) and high dose group (200 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1)), given the baicalin by gavage. Pathological and electron microscopic changes were observed. The expressions of p53 and Bcl-2 were determined by immunohistochemistry, and the changes of MRI, the average survival time and body weight of the rats in each group after treatments were analyzed.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the tumor diameter and volume of high dose group rats before sacrifice were significantly reduced (P < 0.01), and the survival time was significantly prolonged (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry revealed strong positive expression rate of mutant p53 (84.47 ± 3.74)% and moderately positive rate (47.28 ± 2.38)% in the control group, significantly higher than that in the negative group (12.91 ± 1.07)% (P < 0.01). The positive rate of mutant p53 of the high dose group was (46.42 ± 2.19)%, significantly lower than that of the control group (84.47 ± 3.74)% (P < 0.01). The expression rate of Bcl-2 in the control group was strongly positive (86.51 ± 4.17)% and moderate positive (48.19 ± 2.11)%, significantly higher than that of the negative group (10.36 ± 1.43)% (P < 0.01). Electron microscopy revealed that baicalin caused damages of the cell nuclei and organelles in the gliomas.

CONCLUSIONSBaicalin has significant inhibitory effect on glioma in vivo, and its mechanism may be related to cell apoptosis induced by down-regulated expression of mutant p53, but not related with Bcl-2 expression.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Brain Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Cell Nucleus ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Down-Regulation ; Flavonoids ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Glioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tumor Burden ; drug effects ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expressions of chemokine receptors and interleukin (IL) receptors on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and their correlations with clinical features as well as SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI).

METHODSThe mRNA expressions of chemokine receptors and IL receptors on PBMCs of 93 SLE patients and 30 healthy controls were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, including CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR8, CXCR3, CXCRS, CX3CR1, XCR1, IL-4R, and IL-10R. The clinical features of SLE patients were recorded. The correlations of chemokine receptors and IL receptors mRNA expressions with clinical features as well as SLEDAI were assayed using linear regression analysis.

RESULTSThe level of CCR5 mRNA in SLE patients (including active and inactive SLE) was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between active and inactive patients in this respect (P > 0.05). CX3CR1 mRNA expression significantly increased from healthy control to inactive SLE to active SLE in sequence. The others (except for CCR8, CXCR3, and IL-10R) in active SLE patients were significantly higher than those in both inactive SLE patients and healthy controls (all P < 0.05). There were positive correlations between SLEDAI and CCR2 (r = 0.424, t = 4.313, P < 0.001), CCR3 (r = 0.518, t = 5.410, P < 0.001), CCR4 (r = 0.376, t = 3.851, P < 0.001), CCR6 (r = 0.457, t = 4.513, P < 0.001), CXCR5 (r = 0.455, t = 4.629, P < 0.001), CX3CR1 (r = 0.445, t = 4.523, P < 0.001), as well as XCR1 (r = 0.540, t = 5.445, P < 0.001). And CCR5 mRNA expression level was positively correlated with IL-4R mRNA (r = 0.313, t = 2.353, P < 0.05). The patients with myositis and cutaneous vasculitis simultaneously showed lower levels of CCR5 and CX3CR1, and CCR5 expression was negatively correlated with the scores of SLEDAI in SLE cases accompanied by photosensitivity (r = 0.426, t = -2.155, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIncreased expressions of CCR5 and CX3CR1 on PBMCs may be indicators in clinical survey for SLE.

Adolescent ; Adult ; CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1 ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; immunology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; etiology ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; blood ; Receptors, CCR5 ; genetics ; Receptors, Chemokine ; genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin-10 ; genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin-4 ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between estrogen receptor gene Px haplotype and the effect of calcium and soy isoflavone supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD) of Chinese postmenopausal women.

METHODSIt was a randomly controlling test for 12 months. The Pvu II and Xba I polymorphisms of ER-alpha gene were detected by using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) in 691 Chinese postmenopausal women, aged 45-65 years. In 497 carriers of definitive Pvu II-Xba I haplotype, 93 subjects were chosen randomly. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXEA). According to BMD T score in any skeleton site of 81 subjects at baseline, 29 subjects with T > or = -1.5 were grouped into observation group, and 52 subjects with T < -1.5 were randomly assigned into two intervention groups and received either a 100 mg soy isoflavone and 440 mg Ca and 100 IU VD supplement/d (n = 26) or 440 mg Ca and 100 IU VD supplement/d (n = 26). BMD of the whole body, lumber (L2-L4), and hip were measured at baseline and after 12 months.

RESULTSAfter one year fellow-up, the BMD at L2-L4, femur neck site and whole body were significantly decreased as compared with those of baseline (P < 0.05, change percent of BMD as follows: -3.31%, -3.09%, -1.88%) in observation group, and the whole body BMD was significantly lower at 12 month than that at baseline in subjects with Px haplotype (percent change was -2.44%, P < 0.05), but no difference was found in subjects without Px haplotype. Whole body and femur neck BMD were significantly decreased in both Ca group and Ca + soy isoflavone group, but no significant difference of change percent between two groups. There were no significant changes in L2-L4 and trochanter BMD irrespective of treatment. ER-alpha Px haplotype had no effect on the changes in BMD in both Ca group and Ca + soy isoflavone group.

CONCLUSIONThe rate of bone loss in Chinese postmenopausal women seems to haverelation to ER Px haplotype. Calcium supplementation for 1 year might lower the bone loss rate, but soy isoflavone supplementation for 1 year had notshowu no effects. The effect of supplementation had no relationship with ER Px haplotype.

Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; genetics ; Calcium Compounds ; pharmacology ; Dietary Supplements ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Isoflavones ; pharmacology ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Postmenopause ; Receptors, Estrogen ; genetics ; Soybean Proteins ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate the mechanism of reverse redistribution (RR) on dipyridamole 201Tl myocardial perfusion studies in the patients with coronary artery spasm. Methods Twenty-six patients with coronary artery spasm and presented as RR on dipyridamole 201Tl myocardial perfusion studies were enlisted as RR group, while other 16 patients with no coronary artery stenosis nor RR were enlisted as control group. Dipyridamole test was repeated during coronary angiography. Corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count (CTFC) and TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG) were measured at RR related and non-RR related coronary arteries before and after dipyridamole infusion respectively.All of the data were analyzed by Student's t-test orχ2-test and correlation analysis. Results Coronary artery angiography showed slower blood flow and lower myocardial perfusion in RR related vessels when compared with non-RR related vessels in RR group, but there was no significant difference among the main coronary arteries in control group. The perfusion defects of RR area at rest were positively related to slowerblood velocity at corresponding coronary arteries ( r = 0.79, t = 10.18, P ＜ 0.001 ). In RR related vessels,CTFC were (36 ±6) frames and (26 ±7) frames (t =4.15, P ＜0.01 ), while TMPG were (2.02 ±0.39)grades and (2.92 ± 0.12) grades ( t = 2.25, P ＜ 0.05 ) before and after dipyridamole infusion, respectively.In non-RR related vessels, CTFC were (29 ±7) frames and (25 ±5) frames (t =2.31, P ＜0.05), while TMPG were (2.56 ± 0.31 ) grades and (2.96 ± 0.06) grades ( t = 2.17, P ＜ 0.05 ) before and after dipyridamole infusion, respectively. However, there were no significant changes of CTFC and TMPG before and after dipyridamole infusion in control group ( t = 0.932, 0.867, respectively, both P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusion RR is related to the decreased blood flow and myocardial perfusion induced by coronary artery spasm at rest,which may be improved by stress test such as intravenous dipyridamole infusion.

OBJECTIVETo search for and verify some common B cell epitopes in the core proteins of woodchuck hepatitis virus and human hepatitis B virus.

METHODSMonoclonal antibodies against both core proteins of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) and human hepatitis B virus (HBV) were prepared by inoculating Balb/c mice with denatured recombination WHV and HBV core proteins. ELISA and immunoblotting assays for WHcAg and HBcAg were carried out by using these antibodies. Immunohistochemistry was carried out with liver tissue sections of both WHV-infected woodchucks and chronic HBV-infected patients. The epitopes were mapped with the mouse mAbs (6D1 and 1H4) by using a panel of 24 16mer overlapping peptides covering the entire WHcAg. The amino acid sequences of WHcAg and HBcAg were compared.

RESULTSCross-reactions were observed between mAbs (6D1 and 1H4) and WHcAg and between Mabs and HBcAg/HBcAg in ELISA and immunoblotting assay. Liver tissue sections of both WHV-infected woodchucks and chronic HBV-infected patients could be stained specifically by mAbs. The epitopes were mapped at aa1-8 (6D1) and aa125-140 (1H4) of the core proteins of both WHV and HBV by using ELISA assay. WHcAg and HBcAg share similar amino acids sequences at aa1-8 and aa125-140 respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe core proteins of woodchuck hepatitis virus and human hepatitis B virus share common linear B cell epitopes which span aa1-8 and aa125-140 respectively.

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; biosynthesis ; B-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cross Reactions ; Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte ; immunology ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens ; immunology ; Hepatitis B Virus, Woodchuck ; genetics ; immunology ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Marmota ; Mice ; Viral Core Proteins ; immunology