Objective To investigate the correlation risk factors of diabedc nephropathy(DN)in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Eighty-six cases of elderly T2DM were divided into two groups,DN group(43 cases)and NDN group(43 cases).Their age,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),2 hour postprandial glucose(2hPG),triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP)were observed.Results Compared with that in NDN group,2hPG,TG,SBP,HbA1c wag obviously increased in DN group[(14.13±4.46)mmol/L vs(11.19 ±4.22)mmol/L,(1.51±0.79)mmol/L vs(1.20 ±0.53)mmol/L,(141.16±19.08)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)vs(132.79 ±17.40)mn Hg,(7.55±2.09)%vs(6.65±2.02)%](P<0.01 or<0.05).Multiple regression analysis showed that the risk factors of DN included 2hPG and TG.Conclusion DN in T2DM is related with 2hPG and TG.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism responsible for lost sensibility of tyrosine aminotransferase(TAT)to dexam- ethasone(Dex)in human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 through examining the cDNA sequence of TAT and the status of glucocorticoid receptor(GR)pathway.Methods:The TAT cDNA fragment containing the full length of coding sequence was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and was sequenced.The expression of TAT mRNA was determined by real-time quantitative PCR to observe the influence of Dex on expression of TAT mRNA in SMMC-7721 cells.The experiement with HepG2 cells was performed as the control.Reporter genes(GRE-tk-LUC and GRE-MMTV-CAT)were transiently transfected into SMMC-7721 cells by electroporation.The induction efficiencies of LUC and CAT genes expression by Dex were examined and compared between SMMC-7721 cells and HepG2 cells.Results:The results showed that there was a same-sense mutation(Gln576Gln)in TAT cDNA se- quence.TAT mRNA could be induced by Dex,with the maximal induction level being 2.22-folds in SMMC-7721 cells,which was signifi- cantly lower than that in HepG2 cells(15.1-fold increase,P

Objective To evaluate a modified liver hanging maneuver(retrohepatic tunnel of the IVC) in patients undergoing hemihepatectomy.Methods Twenty-four patients undergoing hemihepatectomy were divided into two groups:modified liver hanging maneuver group(n=12)and Pringle's maneuver group(n=12).The amount of intraoperative bleeding,operation time,postoperative liver function,liver function recovery and complications were compared between the two groups.Reset All operation were performed successfully and there were no difference in the time of operation etween the two groups.There was a difierence in the amount of mean intraoperative blood loss between the two groups.It was(160±40)ml in liver hanging group and(560±120)ml in Pringle's group(P＜0.01).Liver function recovery measured on postoperative day 3 and day 7 was better in liver hanging groupthan that in Pringle's group(P＜0.01).The volume of postoperative peritoneal serous fluid dranage was significantly less in liver hanging group(P＜0.01).Conclusion The modified liver hanging maneuver is useful for hemihepatectomy.

Objective:To investigate whether transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)through renal arteries can protect kidney from acute tubular necrosis(ATN),so as to lay a foundation for MSC transplantation in treatment of ATN.Methods:Five-week-old nude mice were randomly divided into three groups:normal control group(n=10),acute tubular necrosis(ATN)model group without(n=10)and with MSCs treatment group(n=11).ATN nude mice were induced with 50% glycerin.MSCs labeled with enhanced green fluorescent proteins(EGFP)were injected into kidney through renal arteries.Serum creatinine was determined in all groups and pathological changes of renal tissues were detected using H-E staining.The amount and distribution of the EGFP-marked MSCs in renal tissues were determined with fluorescence microscope.Results:Degeneration and exfoliation of renal tubular epithelial cells,and even renal tubular tamponade with cast-off cells were observed in the ATN group;these pathological changes were mainly located at renal cortex and juncture of renal cortex and medulla.The damages were greatly alleviated in the ATN+MSCs transplantation group,with no swelling of epithelial cells,nuclear condensation or edema.Fourteen days after MSCs transplantation,EGFP positive cells were increased in renal tubules of recipient mice.Conclusion:The MSCs transplantation via renal artery can locate in renal tubular epithelium,and promote the repair of injured renal tubular epithelial cells.

Objective To explore clinical effect and safety of intermittent androgen suppression treatment of advanced prostate cancer in elderly patients.Methods 78 patients with advanced prostate cancer were enrolled,and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group (n=39 each).Patients in observation group were treated with intermittent androgen suppression treatment.Patients in control group were treated with persistent androgen suppression treatment.Results The time of therapy was much longer in observation group than in control group (P＜ 0.001).Quality of life was better in observation group than in control group (P＜0.05).The incidences of adverse reactions including anemia,fever and abnormal liver function were lower in observation group than in control group (all P＜0.05).Conclusions Intermittent androgen suppression treatment prolongs time to androgen-independent progression,improve the quality of life,reduce drug dosage and the incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer in the elderly.

Objective To explore the short-term and long-term efficacy of laparoscopic versus open liver resection(LLR)in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Methods The perioperative and follow-up data ofLLR(n = 43)and OLR(n = 73)for the treatment of HCC at the same period were analyzed respectively. Results There were no significant differences in the age,gender,Child-Pugh classification,liver cirrhosis, AFP,and hepatic virus affection between the 2 groups. 1 case in the LLR group was converted for the open surgery and another one case in the OLR group died in the perioperative time. However ,compared with OLR group ,the intraoperative blood loss of LLR group(P < 0.05)was larger and the mean operative time(P < 0.05)was longer. The liver function indicators of the regular hepatectomy subgroup were recovered more quickly(P<0.05),but the indicators of remaining subgroups were not significantly different. The postoperative ambulation time (P < 0.05), the postoperative eating time(P < 0.05),the postoperative hospital stay(P < 0.05)were all shorter. The VAS score was lower(P<0.05). There was no difference in the incidence and distribution of complications and the inci-dence of severe complications between the two groups(all P>0.05). The first and third year disease-free survival rates were 82.2%,53.8%for LLR and 91.5%,75.9%for OLR,respectively(χ2=0.55,P=0.46). The first and third 5 year overall survival rates were 94.2%,79.3%for LLR and 94.9%,47.3%for OLR,respectively(χ2=1.06, P=0.30). Conclusion LLR for HCC treatment is a safe and effective way with the advantages of minimal opera-tive trauma,quick recovery and significant short-term efficacy.

The challenge of the emergence of drug-resistant influenza strains, which is caused by wide spread utilization of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), accelerates the research and exploration towards host targeted agents. In contrast to DAAs targeting viral replication components, host targeted agents, which regulate host factors and pathways linked to viral replication, can interfere the replication of influenza. Additionally, the innate immune system is activated by influenza during the early stage of infection, so manipulating the innate immune response may prevent the viral infection. However, the excessive inflammatory response induced at the late phase of influenza infection would lead to severe tissue injures. Thus, it is very important to explore drugs with anti-inflammatory actions to suppress these immune imbalances and tissue injures. Here we overview the current progresses about host targets related to anti-influenza drugs.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Influenza, Human ; drug therapy ; Virus Replication

Objective The relationship between the in vivo absorption kinetics and the in vitro release kinetics of various components (including flavonoids and terpenoids) contained in Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) sustained-release pellets were evaluated using multi-component integration kinetics which could provide a reference for more accurate assessment of in vitro and in vivo correlation. Methods The release rates in vitro of main ingredients (quercetin, isorhamnetin, bilobalide, ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B and ginkgolide C) were detected by HPLC-MS/MS. The integrated drug concentration was calculated, and the release rates in vitro of integrated components were then depicted according to the results. Plasma was collected at different time points after oral administration of GBE sustained-release pellets, multiple components contained in GBE sustained-release pellets were then determined. A novel approach of self-defined weighting coefficient (Wj) based on the area under the curve from zero to infinity AUC0—∞ had been created to obtain the holistic pharmacokinetic profiles of GBE sustained-release pellets. To evaluation the in vitro-in vivo correlation of GBE sustained-release pellets, the percent of integrated in vivo absorption calculated by the Wagner-Nelson methodwas plotted versus the percent of integrated in vitro drug release at the same time. Results The components contained in sustained- release pellets had a good release, the Wj of each component in GBE sustained-release pellets were as follows: quercetin, 0.248 1; isorhamnetin, 0.009 2; bilobalide, 0.228 2; ginkgolide A, 0.296 4; ginkgolide B, 0.132 4; ginkgolide C, 0.090 3. The in vivo-in vitro correlation equation was Y = 0.930 8 X + 12.84, r = 0.962 9, indicated that the correlation between in vivo absorption kinetics and in vitro release kinetics is good. Conclusion The efficacy of the herbal medicines depends on a variety of components combined effect, using the integrated pharmacokinetic to analyze IVIVC could take the characteristic of each component into account, which is helpful for the study of the correlation between in vivo absorption kinetics and in vitro release kinetics.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing year by year in the world, which seriously threaten the public health. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex, and there is no specific treatment for NAFLD. Natural-derived compounds have the characteristics of multi-target and multi-mechanism, which can improve the curative effect and reduce the toxic and side effects by regulating multiple factors of the disease. They are ideal drugs for treating complex diseases and have unique advantages in improving NAFLD. However, low intestinal absorption, poor bioavailability, and single medicine efficiency limit the utilization of many compounds, and further drug development and clinical application are challenging. This paper reviews the research progress of natural-derived compounds in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD in recent years, analyzes the existing problems, and discusses the improvement strategies, so as to provide reference for related research.

Objective To establish real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RFQ-PCR) for measurement of the expression level of a proliferation-inducing ligand(APRIL)and its receptors in children with non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma(NHL).Met-hods Specific primers and TaqMan probes of APRIL and its receptors had been designed,and fluorescence of the PCR products were detected continuously during amplification.According to the standard curves created by plasmid DNA,the expression level of target genes in clinical samples had been determined using software,and these results were presented as the ratios of target genes′ mRNA to ?2 microg-luobulin(?2M)′s mRNA.Results The detection range of RFQ-PCR was between 101-109 ng/L,the coefficient of variation values for both intra-experimental and inter-experimental reproducibility ranged from 1.68% to 5.97% and 6.40% to 10.58%,respectively.The results from 22 samples showed that the expression level of APRIL,B cell maturation antigen(BCMA) and transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand(TACI) in peripheral blood of NHL were significantly higher than those in normal children(P