Background: People with disabilities have been coping with barriers that make it difficult for them to access public services. Many of them are poor, illiterate and out of work. Objective: To describe some characteristics of disabled people living in the communities of Chi Linh district, Hai Duong province. Subject and methods: Interview all of the 18.473 disabled people living in the seven communities of Chi Linh district, Hai Duong province. The contents of the interviews includes: economic-social information (income, education, job and martial status) and disability status (disability form and cause). Results: Nearly three fourths of disabled people are at the age of 45 and over. There are more women than men, with the male/female ratio at 1:1.8. Almost all of the disabled people are the Kinh in Chi Linh and 10.8% of them belong to the poor households. One in ten disabled people are illiterate and two thirds of disabled adolescents are at lower secondary school or lower. Difficulty in seeing is the most common among the kinds of disabilities, accounting for 81.9% of disabled people and about three fourths with one disability. Among the causes of disability, aging accounts for 71.5%, this is followed by illness. Conclusion: There is the need to reduce the rate of disability at the age of 45 and over, reducing the rate of sight related difficulties and increasing the accessibility of disabled people to educational services.
disability persons ; characteristics

OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to analyze the problems and to suggest the methods for improvement of the current Disability Grading Guide (hereinafter called CDGG) for the disabled after stroke when compared with the previous Disability Grading Guide (hereinafter called PDGG). METHOD: Thirty-five registered disabled persons after stroke were evaluated by two physiatrists to assess the grades of disability according to CDGG and PDGG, which were in use. The evaluations of disabled persons for the grading were done by the physiatrists through house-visit and at the hospital according to CDGG (hereinafter called CDGG-visit and CDGG-OPD) and PDGG (hereinafter called PDGG-grade). These reevaluated disability grades were compared with the initial disability grades recorded in their disability registries. RESULTS: There was a low level of agreement between the registered grade and the re-evaluated grades; however, there has shown a high level of agreement amongst the re-evaluated grades. The degree in the registered grade was evaluated upward compared to the degree in other reevaluated grades. CONCLUSION: The difference degree between CDGG and PDGG of established was insignificant; however, a new candidate who wants to be evaluated using CDGG has possibilities of facing unfairness when compared to the disabled people with relatively higher registered degrees.
Disability Evaluation ; Disabled Persons ; Humans ; Registries ; Stroke*

Community-based rehabilitation for those people with a physical disability is a policy promoted by the World Health Organization. In order to assess whether such a program might be useful to the disabled people of the highlands of Papua New Guinea a survey was conducted which first identified those people with a severe physical disability and then investigated the degree that they were handicapped in terms of their social and physical environment. The survey was performed in the Tari area of the Southern Highlands Province in conjunction with the Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research (PNGIMR). By using the PNGIMR demographic surveillance system it was possible to calculate a prevalence level of physical disability (including walking disability, deafness and blindness) of 46 per 10,000 (0.46%). A significant physical disability was identified in 114 people, of whom 54 were given personal interviews to establish their quality of life. The survey found the social and economic situation of disabled people to be generally good although there is a lack of basic material aids for handicapped people. The disabled people and their families do not need extra knowledge about how to care for their disabilities and a formal community-based rehabilitation program would be inappropriate, but they would find mobility aids such as wheelchairs and artificial limbs of enormous help. The regular health care services are widely used although both people with a disability and health service staff are not always aware of the types of treatment which can usefully be provided.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Disabled Persons ; Physical disability ; Disability, NOS ; Community ; Surveys

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore experience of people with mentally disability for work drop-out. METHODS: Participants were 10 persons with an intellectual disability. The Colaizzi's phenomenological method was utilized. Data were collected using non-structured interviews. RESULTS: According to the data analysis, 7 theme-clusters were identified from 13 themes. The theme-clusters were 'Struggling in work', 'Being a stranger in the office', 'Struggling in standing alone', 'Feeling ambivalent', 'Waiting for a new opportunity for work', 'Being determined to make an effort to maintain a job', 'Expecting myself to gain recognition'. CONCLUSION: The outcomes of this study indicate a need to design intervention programs and directions to introduce realistic improvement plans for people with intellectual disabilities in order to decrease work drop-out.
Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Mentally Disabled Persons* ; Qualitative Research ; Statistics as Topic

Disability is a major public health problem, particularly in developing countries, where there is a close link between poverty and disability. The complex nature of disability allows it to be addressed from a number of different perspectives. Community-based rehabilitation (CBR) is a holistic approach towards disability which is currently being supported in many parts of the world, including Papua New Guinea (PNG). Unfortunately CBR is frequently implemented in resource-poor contexts, which limits the scope for research. As a result little effort is put into determining a need before CBR programs are established, or into evaluating CBR programs following implementation. This research in the Middle Ramu, Madang Province, tested a method for acquiring information for the purposes of CBR planning in PNG. The method used an adapted form of the Ten Questions Screen for Childhood Disability. Quantitative and qualitative methods were further utilized to determine the types of disability presenting, the biomedical and perceived causes of the various disabilities, help-seeking behaviours, the disabled individual's participation in village activities, and the needs of both disabled individuals and their caregivers. A total of 158 disabled individuals were identified in a population of 4946 people and 20 in-depth interviews were conducted. The data obtained were analyzed to formulate an appropriate 'CBR package' that would cater for the specific needs of this population in the Middle Ramu. Evaluation of the basic survey method revealed that it was more sensitive than other methods previously tried in PNG, with an overall disability prevalence of 3.2% obtained. Qualitative methods allowed the fieldworkers to get a much deeper insight into the feelings and perceptions of disabled individuals. The methods tested for this research in the Middle Ramu could have application for CBR workers in other parts of PNG.
Disability, NOS ; Disabled Persons ; Median Site ; Research ; Rehabilitation aspects

To study whether it is helped or not to medical diagnosis for children with normal and abnormal chromosomes from mental retardations, author performed and analyzed patterns of fingerprints, palmar prints creases on 99 mentally retarded children with normal chromosome and 16 mentally retarded children with Down syndrome and compared with healthy control group. In patterns of fingerprint, high frequency of ulnar loop showed significantly on fifth finger in mentally retarded children, while dominant whorl showed on first and fourth fingers in control group. High frequency of finger ridge count was appeared in Down syndrome, mentally retarded with normal chromosome (MRNC) and control group in order. Total ridge count TRC) was significantly decreased in Down syndrome, MRNC compared with control group. Total triradius count was significantly decreased in Down syndrome, however, no discrimination between control group and MRNC was found. a -b ridge count was not different among the groups. atd angle was wider in Down syndrome than in control group and MRNC. Interdigital pattern was high on ulnar loop of I3 in Down syndrome, in contrast, on ulnar loop of I4 in control group. In conclusion, detailed analysis of dermatoglyphics is able to contribute to study medical diagnosis on children with mentally retarded through above data.
Child ; Dermatoglyphics* ; Diagnosis ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Down Syndrome ; Fingers ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability* ; Mentally Disabled Persons

We present successful resuscitation in a mentally disabled young male who has isolated jejunal perforation without trauma history. Abdominal computed tomography scan showed large amount of free intraperitoneal air. Cardiac arrest occurred after anesthetic induction. Following resuscitation, emergent exploratory laparotomy revealed only a 3-cm perforation of the jejunum, 40 cm from the ligament of Treitz. During operation, repeated cardiac arrest occurred. Fortunately, the operation was successfully completed and patient discharged 15th day after operation without complications.
Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Jejunum ; Laparotomy* ; Ligaments ; Male ; Mentally Disabled Persons* ; Resuscitation* ; Shock, Septic

To evolve a management plan for rheumatoid arthritis, it is necessary to understand the patient's symptom experience and disablement process. This paper aims to introduce and critique two models as a conceptual foundation from which to construct a new model for arthritis care. A Disability Intervention Model for Older Adults with Arthritis includes three interrelated concepts of symptom experience, symptom management strategies, and symptom outcomes that correspond to the Theory of Symptom Management. These main concepts influence or are influenced by contextual factors that are situated within the domains of person, environment, and health/illness. It accepts the bidirectional, complex, dynamic interactions among all components within the model representing the comprehensive aspects of the disablement process and its interventions in older adults with rheumatoid arthritis. In spite of some limitations such as confusion or complexity within the model, the Disability Intervention Model for Older Adults with Arthritis has strengths in that it encompasses the majority of the concepts of the two models, attempts to compensate for the limitations of the two models, and aims to understand the impact of rheumatoid arthritis on a patient's physical, cognitive, and emotional health status, socioeconomic status, and well-being. Therefore, it can be utilized as a guiding theoretical framework for arthritis care and research to improve the functional status of older adults with rheumatoid arthritis.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/*nursing ; *Disability Evaluation ; Disabled Persons ; Frail Elderly ; Humans ; *Models, Theoretical

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the knowledge and attitude of parents toward their mentally retarded child enrolled for special education in an elementary in Manila.
METHODOLOGY: Using a Tagalog version of the 25 item Index of Parent Attitude (IPA) was used to measure the parents' relationship problems with and their attitude towards their special child. A score below 30 meant that there was no clinically significant problem in tghe parent child relationship, while a score above 30 meant there was a problem and a score above 70 meant parents experienced severe stress with the potential to becoming violent towards their children. A 10 item Knowledge Questionnaire Regarding Mental Retardation (KQMR) answerable by True or False, was also drafted in Taglog. A linguist was consulted to translate and back translate both questionnaires. A score of 1-4 was considered as having poor knowledge, 5-7 good and 8-10 as having excellent knowledge. Consent from the principal of Sta. Ana Elementary School and from parents of mentally retarded children was requested to conduct the study. Parents who had accompanied their children to school and were present at the tiem of study was conducted were included in the study once they agreed to participate. Those who were found to have low scores in th KQMR were invited for 2 Focused Group Discussions (FGD) that lasted for 2 hours each; during with the psychiatrist in training explored their difficulties in managing their mentally retarded children.
RESULTS: Sixty parents agreed to participate in answering the questionnaires and only 18 parents joined the FGD sessions. Based on the IPA 41 (68.33%) were identified as having a significantly problematic attitude towards their child; 16 (26.67%) had no significant problems and 3 (5.0%) had the tendency to become violent towards their child. Forty six (76.67%) were considered to have poor level of knowledge regarding Mental Retardation while 14 (23.33%) had good fund of knowledge and no one had excellent scores. It was mostly the mothers (55 or 91.67%)  who were in school to respond to the questionnaire, most of whom were married (55 or 91.67%) and all of them were more than 30 years old; 43 (71.67%) were unemployed. Fifty percent had a monthly income less than 5000.00 PhP, 40% had 5-10 thousand PhP and 10% had 10,000.00 PhP or more monthly income. Fifty five (91.67%) were high school graduates while 18 or 30% had reached college level. Fifty six (93.33%) were Roman Catholics. From the KQMR many (68%) considered that all mentally retarded children are similar in characteristics and behavior, 70% didn't think that medications could control behavioral changes and 80% didn't think psychiatrist could help in dealing with behavioral or maladaptive changes of such children, while 60% believed that all  types of mental retardation are hereditary. On the other hand 87% were correct in disagreeing with the statement that mentally retarded children become Schizophrenic and 83% considered that the behaviorial changes among mentally retarded children are similar to those of other children.
CONCLUSION: Although some had an accurate understanding about mental retardation most were misinformed, thus the urgent need to educate all parents i.e. both fathers and mothers and perhaps even other members of the family about mental retardation- its causes, complications and how their children could be better managed at home and in school.

In orthopedic practice, patients sometimes ask certain kinds of medical documents certifying their disability grading. But many orthopedic surgeons are not accustomed to issue such medical certificates. So we want to review the way of evaluation and grading of disabilities for such different kinds of medical certificates(for examples: disability grading certificate for use in traffic accident, industrial accident, liability of national compensation, private insurance, the handicapped, military service and others) and compare the differences between them.
Accidents, Occupational ; Accidents, Traffic ; Compensation and Redress ; Disability Evaluation ; Disabled Persons ; Humans ; Insurance ; Military Personnel ; Orthopedics*