Objective To explore the effects of modified tubo-uterine implantations performed on women with proximal tubal occlusive infertility after femal sterilization with mucilago phenol.Methods Two hundred and eight infertile women who were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between 1986 and 2004 were included.They all accepted modified tubo-uterine implantation after occlusion of fallopian tubes with mucilago phenol.Results It was found that the occlusions were all located in the interstitial portion or isthmic portion of the fallopian tubes.Different degrees of pelvic adhesions were found in 65 cases.Fifty-seven cases were slightly adhesive,seven cases were of moderate degree and one case was severe.One hundred and ninety-nine cases were followed up after operations(95.7%).One hundred and ninety-three women accepted hydrotubation in the following month just after the operation and 185 women were found to be unobstructed(95.8%).One hundred and forty-three women became pregnant, the pregnant rate being 71.9%(143/199).One hundred and twenty-five women had term deliveries (87.4%),three women were in early pregnancy and two in midtrimester pregnancy.Eleven women had spontaneous abortion(7.7%).Two women had tubal pregnancy(1.0%).None of the 199 cases had any signs of endometriosis.Conelusions Modified tubo-uterine implantations are quite effective for proximal tubal occlusive infertility.It may be a favorable method for such kind of tubal occlusions.

Objective To explore the causes and treatment of repeated vulvovaginitis in girlhood in order to improve its prevention and treatment.Methods Fifty-one girls with repeated vulvovaginitis(age≤10 years)admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from Jan.1990 to Nov.2004 were reviewed retrospectively.Results We found 28 girls(55%)suffering from non-specific vulvovaginitis and 14 ones(27%)suffering from posterior recto-vaginal fistula with in 51 patients.Five girls(10%)were smitten with vulval ulcer and 3 ones(6%)had been were found with vaginal foreign bodies.One girl(2%) was smitten with adhesion of labia minora.The vaginal discharges taken from 21 girls were cultured. Seventeen cases found bacteria.The positive rate of bacteria culture in the 21 cases reached 81%,in which, E.coli accounted for 5 cases(24%),staphylococcus and streptococcus accounted for 3 cases(14%) respectively.Patients suffered from non-specific vulvovaginitis and vulval ulcer accepted external lotion, antibiotic ointment or combining with antibiotics.Patients suffered from posterior recto-vaginal fistula accepted fistulectomy.Three girls who found vaginal foreign bodies took out of foreign bodies by hysteroscopo.Fifty-one girls all were cured after appropriate therapy.Conclusions Vulvovaginitis is the most common gynecologic diagnosis in girlhood.The principal cause of repeated invasion is non-specific vulvovaginitis and the secondly one is posterior recto-vaginal fistula.It need overhaul during the diagnosis.It is very availability to use hysteroscopy and do bacteria culture+antibiotic sensitivity test for repeated pediatric vulvovaginitis.

The extraction of active ingredient group, i.e., prim-o-glucosylcimifugin, astragaloside, and 5-o-methylvisammiosode from Yupingfeng powder with one-pot method was studied in this work. A HPLC method was used to determine the content of each active constituent mentioned above in the extract. The influences of extraction temperature, time, volume percent of ethanol in water and its amount added on the content and yield of active ingredient group were investigated by orthogonal test. The experimental results showed that the optimized extraction conditions were as follows: 1g of Yupingfeng powder was one-pot extracted for 4 hours at 80 degrees C with 90% ethanol as solvent, and the yield and content of active ingredient group were 0.16%, 0.53% respectively. The active ingredient group in Yupingfeng powder could be effectively one-pot extracted under the conditions above.
Apiaceae ; chemistry ; Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; Atractylodes ; chemistry ; Chemical Fractionation ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Monosaccharides ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Powders ; Saponins ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Temperature ; Triterpenes ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Water ; chemistry ; Xanthenes ; analysis ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo explore effects of p, p'DDE on the expression of androgen binding protein (ABP), transferrin (Tf) and inhibin B (INH B) mRNA in testis Sertoli cells of Sprague Dawley rats.

METHODSA method has been set up to obtain a large number of viable Sertoli cells from SD rats of 18-20 days of age. With a series of concentration p,p'-DDE (10, 30, and 50 micromol/L) co-incubating the Sertoli cells in vitro, the expression of ABP, Tf and INH B mRNA were determined by RT-PCR.

RESULTSa) With increase of the incubated p, p'-DDE, the expression of ABP mRNA in Sertoli cells went up while that of Tf and INH B dropped in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0. 05). b) The correlation analysis among ABP, Tf and INH B showed that negative relationships were found between ABP and Tf or INH B, respectively (r = - 0. 391 3, P = 0. 032 5; r = - 0.235 2, P = 0.0158), and that positive correlation was indicated between Tf and INH B (r =0.4516, P =0.0047).

CONCLUSIONp,p'-DDE is a reproductive toxicant which disrupts the transcription of ABP, Tf and INH B in rat Sertoli cells so as to result in reproductive dysfunction.

Androgen-Binding Protein ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Animals ; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene ; toxicity ; Inhibins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sertoli Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Transferrin ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Remdesivir-loaded liposomes for inhalation were prepared and the in vitro properties were evaluated. Firstly, preparation methods of remdesivir-loaded liposomes were screened, and single-factor experiments were conducted to optimize the prescription and preparation process. Then the physical property, deposition ratio and aerodynamic particle size distribution of remdesivir-loaded liposomes suspension for inhalation were comprehensively evaluated. As a result, the optimal liposomes were prepared by the thin-film dispersion method with pH 6.5 phosphate-buffered saline as the hydration medium. In the prescription, the ratio of drug to DPPC was 1∶20; the cholesterol accounted for 10% of total lipids; and 20% DSPE-mPEG 2000 was added as stabilizer.4% trehalose was added as lyoprotectant when lyophilizing to obtain ideal appearance, good stability and a small particle size change after reconstitution. Remdesivir-loaded liposomes were spherical with smooth surface and uniform particle size distribution under transmission electron microscope. In vitro release tests showed no significant change for release curves of remdesivir-loaded liposomes suspension before and after nebulization. Deposition experiments indicated that the fine particles fraction of liposomes was 51.4%, and the mass median aerodynamic diameter was less than 5 μm measured by next generation impactor. To sum up, remdesivir-loaded liposomes for inhalation with high encapsulation efficiency and stability can achieve a suitable particle size distribution to effectively deposit in the lung after nebulization, which provides a new approach for the treatment of COVID-19.

Objective To evaluate the impact of different rating instruments used by raters with different seniority in OSCEs. Methods Surgical interns were randomly divided into two groups to undertake a nine－station surgical OSCEs. Raters with different seniority were also divided into two groups with four senior raters and four junior raters in one group. OSCE results were compared. Results There was no statistical significance when comparing results from different raters using checklist rating instrument. Results from different raters using global rating scale instrument were significantly different. Correlations between raters using checklist and global rating scale instruments showed statistical significance in 81.3% of stations. Conclusion Checklist rating instrument showed high capability of repeating the results. Therefore, it is recommended to apply checklist as many as possible in OSCE exams with mixed rater seniorities. Research on design of rating instruments are to be investigated to insure the effectiveness as well as the credibility of the rating system.

OBJECTIVETo assess the depressive status and its influence on Chinese HIV-1(+) population, and how it was influenced by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and the CD4(+) T cell count.

METHODSAnti-HIV-1(+) patients (age between 18 and 65 years old) who had met the criteria to commence the anti-HIV treatment but had not yet started, were selected from the Beijing Ditan Hospital between March 2011 and June 2012. BDI-II (Beck Depression Inventory) and a self-designed questionnaire were used to evaluate the baseline and the status of 48 weeks post the HAART treatment. Statistically, t test and the Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to compare the BDI scores under different conditions and before/after the HAART.

RESULTS(1) Of 100 subjects: male to female ratio was 99:1; the average age was 31.37 ± 5.58 years; the average education background was of 13.13 ± 3.51 years; the unemployed percentage was 4%; time before being identified as anti-HIV-1(+) was 5.0 (1.0 - 21.0) months; the percentage being infected through homosexual contact was 83%. The baseline BDI score was 6.0 (3 - 10.25). (2) There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in BDI score between those subjects having had education less or more than 12 years; the BDI score of patients whose anti-HIV-1(+) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) among those discovered within the past 6 months than those more than 6 months. The BDI score of patients whose baseline CD4(+) T cell count below 200 cells/µl was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those with baseline CD4(+) T cell count greater than 200 cells/µl. The CD4(+) T cell count was significantly high (P < 0.001) after 48 weeks of anti-viral treatment, but the BDI score was not significantly different (P > 0.05). There was no significant change (P > 0.05) in the proportion of patients with different degrees of BDI score before and after 48 weeks of antiviral treatment.

CONCLUSIONDepression in HIV patients was most overt in the first six months when they were aware of the infection. The degree of depression was more severe in patients with baseline CD4(+) T cell count less than 200 cells/µl with improvement of immunity after the HAART did not alleviate the level of depression.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Depression ; Emotions ; Female ; HIV-1 ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis ( NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal disease with high mortality. Stud-ies have suggested that NEC are associated with prematurity and very?low birth weight, but the exact etiology and pathogen?esis has not been elucidated. Therefore, it is important to build an ideal NEC model to explore the pathogenesis and pre?vention measures of NEC to reduce the incidence and severity of NEC.

Objective To explore the effect and molecular mechanism of miR-202 on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte .Methods Through lentivirus infected with 3T3-L1 preadipocytes , we set up the AMO-miR-202 group and the random control group , then, these cells were induced to differentiate , nine days later, differentiation was assessed by Oil Red O staining and we examined the mRNA expression of PPARγ2 and aP2 by RT-PCR method. We examined the mRNA expression of PPARγ2,aP2 and PGC1βby Western blot method .Results After packa-ging lentivirus with AMO-miR-202 and random sequence control miRNA through cell line 293T, 80%-90%cells with fluorescence were found under fluorescence microscope; After these two lentivirus respectively infected with 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, About 70%-80%cells with fluorescence were found under fluorescence microscope .Oil Red O staining test showed that these cells with Oil Red O stained bright red fat droplets of AMO-miR-202 group and PPARγ2 and aP2 mRNA expression in the AMO-miR-202 group significantly lower than control groups (P<0.05). Western blot assay showed that the protein expression of PGC 1βin the AMO-miRNA-202 group was significantly increased(P<0.05), but the expression of aP 2 and PPARγ2 was significantly decreased (P<0.01).However, the random control group and the adipocyte group had no significant effect on the above indexes .Conclusions miR-202 can promote the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte by inhibiting the protein expression of PGC 1βand im-proving the protein expression of PPARγ2 and aP2.

Objective To investigate the effects of regular and irregular mandatory treadmill running (TR) on learning and memory abilities,stress response,survival and maturation of newborn neurons in dentate area of C57 mice. Methods Forty-eight male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into regular running group (n=16,definite time and quantity), irregular running group (n=16,definite time and different quantities) and sedentary group (n=16).Injection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU,50 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally to mice from the 1st d to the 7th d of exercise,and then,these mice were subjected to a 4-wk TR training course or sedentary exercise.Double irnmunofluorescence labeling was employed to observe the effect of TR on survival and maturation of newborn neurons. Mice were trained on the Morris water maze to test the abilities of learning and memory. Corticosterone (CORT).level in the venous blood was measured with a radioimmunoassay kit. Results As compared with that in mice of the irregular running group and sedentary group,significant decrease of latency was noted in mice of the regular running group on the 1st, 3rd, 4th and 5th d of place navigation test (P＜0.05). As compared with that in mice of the sedentary group, significant decrease of latency was noted in mice of the irregular running group and regular running group on the 2nd d of place navigation test (P＜0.05),while no significant difference of that was noted between mice of the irregular running group and regular running group (P＞0.05).The platform was removed for a 60-s probe test 4 h after the last trial to test the recall ability, and the times of staying in the target zone in each group were regular running group＞irregular running group＞control group, and significant difference was noted between each 2 groups (P＜0.05). The numbers of double immunofluorescence labeled cells in the dentate gyrus were counted as regular running group＞irregular running group＞control group, and significant difference was noted between each 2 groups (P＜0.05). The serum CORT level was measured as regular running group＜irregular running group＜control group, and significant difference was noted between each 2 groups (P＜0.05). Conclusion Mandatory treadmill running could improve the learning and memory abilities,which may be related to the increment of survival and maturation of neural precursor cells,and decreased level of serum CORT; and the effect of regular mandatory treadmill running is better than that of irregular mandatory treadmill running.