Objective To observe the preventive effect of mannatide on infection and relapse of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purura(ITP).Methods One hundred and twenty children with ITP were randomly divided into mannatide treatment group and prednisone control group.Control group venous dexamethasone of 3 d;then treated by prednisone.Treatment group added mannatide tablets for 1 month.The rates of remission clinical blood,platelet,control time,complicated infection and relapse rates were observed.The levels of plasma immunoglobulin(Ig)G,IgA,IgM were determined before and after mannatide treatment.Results The rate of clinical blood,platelet,control time,infection time was not different in 2 groups.The rates of infection complicated and relapse were all significant lower than that in control group.The plasma IgG,IgA significantly increased than that in control group.The plasma IgM had no significant difference.Conclusion Vaccine therapy can be helpful in protecting and decreasing infection,diminishing relapse of children with ITP,and improve the level of IgG,IgA,and thus improve their immune function.

Forest musk deer is one of the large-scale farming musk deer animals with the largest population at the same time. The male musk deer can secrete valuable medicines, which has high medicinal and economic value. Due to the loss of habitat and indiscriminate hunting, the numbers of wild population specie and the distribution have been drastically reduced. Therefore, in-depth understanding of the molecular genetics progress of forest musk deer will pave a way for musk deer protection and breeding. In this review, the progress associated with the molecular marker, genetic classification, artificial breeding, musk secretion and disease in past decades were reviewed, in order to provide a theoretical basis for subsequent molecular genetic researches in forest musk deer.
Animals ; Breeding ; Deer ; classification ; genetics ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Ecosystem ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Female ; Male

BACKGROUNDThe Taq/B, Msp/ and I405V polymorphisms of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), an important regulatory factor of lipid metabolism, have been attracted much more attention by the researchers. In this study, we investigated the associations between these 3 polymorphisms of CETP gene and variations in plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).

METHODSGenomic DNA was extracted from leukocytes of 203 CHD patients and 100 control subjects using the salting out method. Genotyping of the CETP gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques. Statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS 10.0 software package.

RESULTSThe distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of the Taq/B, MspI, and I405V polymorphisms was similar in the CHD patient group and the control group. The B1B1 genotype of the Taq/B polymorphism was associated with significantly higher TC (P=0.039) and LDL-C (P=0.044) levels than the B2B2 genotype in CHD patients, and with significantly higher LDL-C (P=0.034) levels than the B2B2 genotype in controls. Homozygotes of the I405V polymorphism exhibited significantly higher HDL-C levels than VV homozygotes among control subjects (P=0.023). In male CHD patients with unambiguously assigned haplotypes, B2-M2-V/B2-M2-I patients demonstrated significantly higher HDL-C concentrations than B1-M2-V/B1-M2-I (P=0.023) and B1-M2-V/B1-M2-V patients (P=0.047).

CONCLUSIONSGenetic variations in the CETP gene may account for a significant proportion of the differences in plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations among the general population. The B1B1 genotype of the Taq/B polymorphism is probably a genetic risk factor for CHD in the study population.

Adult ; Aged ; Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Coronary Disease ; blood ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Glycoproteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Objective To understand the awareness of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and characteristics of sexual behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Changsha City. Methods By a snowball sampling method, volunteers were recruited in two social public welfare organizations in Changsha (Qingcai and Zhongda Sunshine) and interviewed by anonymous electronic questionnaires. Data were analyzed using software SPSS 19.0. Results Among 150 MSM, the overall awareness rate of HIV/ AIDS-related knowledge was 86.0% (129/150). For different demographic characteristics, higher age group, higher education level and higher income groups had significantly higher rates of awareness about HIV/AIDS related knowledge, compared with the reference groups, respectively. For the sexual behaviors, 32.7% of the investigated MSM population had their first MSM sexual intercourse at age of <18 years old, the rate of ≥18 years old group was significantly higher than the <18 years old group (2=4.315, P=0.038), 46.7% of the MSM population had more than 1 sexual partner during the past six months, the ratio of MSM used condoms in the sexual intercourse occasionally or never was 29.3% and 6.7%, respectively. Conclusions Young age, relatively low educational level and low income MSM in Changsha had a relative low awareness of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge. MSM in Changsha City had first MSM sexual intercourse at a very younger age. There is an urgent need to take well-targeted measures to improve the HIV/AIDS-related knowledge with special MSM population, and develop effective intervention measures for the high-risk sexual behaviors among MSM.

Objective To evaluate the correlation between lesions of dorsal artery of foot and type 2 diabetes on CDFI. Methods Dorsal artery of foot was examinated in 97 cases with type 2 diabetes and 46 cases without diabetes mellitus. Results There were variable changes in intima-media of dorsal artery of foot in type 2 diabetes patients.And the patients with hyperlipidemia and hypertension showed serious lesions in the dorsal artery of foot and bifurcation of the blood vessel .Simple arteriosclerosis showed not only lesions in intima-media of dorsal artery of foot but also relative mild lesions in bifurcation of the blood vessel. Blood vessel lesion incidence in type 2 diabetes was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01). Conclusions There was a significant correlation between lesions of dorsal artery of foot and type 2 diabetes patient's condition. CDFI is an effective method in evaluating patient's condition, degree and prognosis of type 2 diabetes, and has an important clinical value in early diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.Simple arteriosclerosis showed focal lesions in bifurcation of the blood vessel while dorsal artery of foot showed relatively mild lesions .

The study was aimed to evaluate the impact of disease status on the outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients with refractory and relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). 32 patients with refractory and relapsed AML received allo-HSCT after myeloablative conditioning regimen, including 17 patients in no-remission (NR) and 15 patients in complete remission (CR) at the time of transplant. Treatment related adverse events, relapse rate and leukemia free survival (LFS) were analyzed. The results showed that the parameters of sex, age, cytogenetic risk and transplant procedures were comparable between the two groups. 30 patients had successful engraftment, except one had graft failure and one died from severe veno-occlusive disease in the NR group. The incidences of aGVHD in NR group and CR group were 47.1% (8 patients) and 33.5% (5 patients) respectively. Out of comparable patients, 5 from 9 patients in NR group developed with cGVHD, and 4 from 11 patients in CR group were subjected to cGVHD. There were no statistic difference in incidences of aGVHD and cGVHD between two group. Compa-red with CR group, NR group had a higher treatment-related mortality (29.4% vs 14.3%, P = 0.392) and relapse rate (42.9% vs 26.7% P = 0.300), but there was no significant difference. With a median follow-up of 13 (1 - 124) months, 6 patients remained alive in both of the two groups, and the 2 year LFS of them were parallel (35.3% vs 40.0%, P = 0.267). Among these 32 patients, overall survival (OS) was better in patients with age < 35 years (P = 0.044) and with the appearance of cGVHD (P = 0.046). It is concluded that allo-HSCT is an effective salvage therapy for patients with refractory and relapsed AML, and the overall outcome seems unrelated to the disease status (NR or CR) before transplantation. As such, for refractory and relapsed AML patients in non-remission, performance of allo-HSCT to achieve long-term survival is feasible.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Salvage Therapy ; methods ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the morphology, immunophenotype, cytogenetics and clinical features of TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene positive adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

METHODSR banding was used to analyze conventional cytogenetics (CC), interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (iFISH) and RT-PCR to detect the TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene, and flow cytometry to immunophenotype. The clinical and laboratory features and long-term follow-up of the patients were analyzed.

RESULTSThe incidence of 19 TCF3-PBX1-positive adult ALL was 3.13% of total ALL patients. Of them, 12 and 7 cases were diagnosed as L(1) and L(2) morphology respectively; 7 cases with balanced translocation of chromosome 1 and 19; 10 with der(19) t(1;19) formed from unbalanced translocation and 2 with normal karyotypes. TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene was detected by RT-PCR in 9 cases, and by iFISH in 17. 16 cases were B-phenotype and the other 2 T-phenotype; 17 cases had lymph node, spleen or liver infiltration. Of 18 patients received chemotherapy, 17 (94.7%) achieved complete remission (CR); the median relapse-free survival (RFS) and median overall survival was 3.2 months and 7.2 months, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSTCF3-PBX1-positive adult ALL had unique clinical and pathological features with high remission rate, high relapse rate and short survival time and should be considered to receive intensified treatment strategies. iFISH combined with CC and RT-PCR can increase the detection rate of t(1;19)/TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene.

Adult ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics ; Translocation, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo explore the risk factors for Guillain-Barre syndrome.

METHODSCase-control study design was used in 51 cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome, and 51 matched controls. All of the 51 cases in this study had been examined by electrophysiology. Serum IgG antibodies specific for C. jejuni were determined in all the subjects by ELISA. Each case and control were interviewed using an ad hoc questionnaire, including his/her demographic information, onset of the illness, their personal hygiene and so on.

RESULTSThe study showed that Guillain-Barre syndrome was associated with a few factors, such as polio vaccine immunization before onset of illness (OR=7.27), no hand washing after defecation and before meals (OR=6.15). Infection of C. jejuni was strongly associated with the illness (OR=9.5, P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONIt is suggested that occurrence of Guillain-Barre syndrome may correlate to infection of C. jejuni and poor personal hygiene in children.

Adolescent ; Campylobacter Infections ; complications ; Campylobacter jejuni ; pathogenicity ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome ; epidemiology ; etiology ; microbiology ; Hand Disinfection ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; analysis ; Infant ; Male ; Poliovirus Vaccines ; adverse effects ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo determine the pulmonary pathological changes in hematological malignancy patients with pulmonary complications.

METHODS17 hematological malignancy patients underwent surgical treatment were evaluated retrospectively. The pathological changes of all the surgical specimens were examined postoperatively by standard hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining.

RESULTSPathological examination confirmed: aspergillus infection in 9 patients, sub-acute inflammation (fibrosis and hematoma formation) in 3, and each in 1 of pulmonary infarction with granulomatous tissue in the periphery; granulomatous inflammation with calcified tubercle; alveolar dilation and hemorrhage, interstitial fibrosis and focal vasculitis; intercostal neurilemmoma; and moderate-differentiated adenocarcinoma accompanied by intrapulmonary metastasis. And several operative complications (1 case of fungal implantation, 3 pleural effusion and adhesions and 2 pulmonary hematoma) were occurred. The coincidence rate of pre- and post-operative diagnosis was 9/14 (64.3%). After surgery, 8 patients were received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT, allo-gene or autologous), with 7 succeeded. On effective secondary antifungal prophylaxis, 4 of 5 patients of aspergillosis succeeded in transplantation with free from mycotic relapse, one patient died from fungal relapse.

CONCLUSIONHematological malignancies with persistent and/or resistant pulmonary infection, hemoptysis, or unexplained lung diseases, should be treated in time by surgery operation to effectively eliminate residual disease and obtain a definitive diagnosis, so as to create a prerequisite condition for the following treatments. Moreover, the secondary antifungal prophylaxis can provide active roles for patients scheduled for chemotherapy and/or HSCT.

Aspergillosis ; diagnosis ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local

OBJECTIVETo investigate the molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from Chinese children in seven cities.

METHODA total of 134 MRSA isolates were collected from nine hospitals. Multilocus sequence typing and spa typing were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) type was analyzed by multiplex PCR. The Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl) gene was also detected.

RESULTMost MRSA strains were isolated from pneumonia and skin and soft tissue infection (SSTIs) patients, accounting for 82.1%. Overall, 16 sequence types (STs) were obtained, and CC59 (51.7%) was found to be the most prevalent, which included ST 59 and ST 338, followed by ST239 (16.4%). SCCmec types II, III, IV, and V were also identified in the current study. SCCmec type IV was the most predominant type at 50.0%, followed by SCCmec type V at 23.9% and III at 23.9%. SCCmec subtypes IVa, IVc, and IVg were found among SCCmec type IV strains, whereas IVa was the main subtype at 77.6%. Twenty-six spa types were also identified, among which the predominant type was t437 (47.8%). The prevalence of pvl genes and the SCCmec type of strain was relevant, and the pvl gene positive rate was higher in SCCmec type IV and V-type strains than in SCCmec type II and III strains (58.6% vs. 14.3%, P < 0.05); there was a significant difference between them. In the strains isolated from pneumonia and SSTIs, ST59-MRSA-IVa(t437) was the predominant clone. There were five clones detected from the strains isolated from septicemia, with ST59-MRSA-IVa(t437) and ST59-MRSA-V(t437) as the main clones (57.1%). Various predominant clones existed in different regions. ST59-MRSA-IVa(t437) was the prevalent clone in the Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, and Shenzhen areas, whereas ST239-MRSA-III(t037) was the prevalent clone in the Shanghai area. Fifty percent of the isolates from the Wenzhou area belonged to ST910-MRSA-V(t318), whereas three clinical strains isolated from the Shenyang region belonged to three different types.

CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that MRSA isolates from Chinese children are largely associated with the ST59-MRSA-IV(t437) and ST239-MRSA-III(t037) clones. These two may belong to community-acquired MRSA and hospital-acquired ones, respectively. Different prevalent clones were detected in different diseases and different regions. Therefore, there is a need to conduct further research on clinical isolates, which can guide the choice of antibiotic treatment and the examination of MRSA prevalence.

Adolescent ; Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Prevalence ; Staphylococcal Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology