OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Salvia Miltiorrhiza injection (SMI) on peritoneal dialysis solution (PDS) induced injuries of peritoneal structure and function in a rat model, and to observe the relationship between the failure of peritoneal dialysis and expressions of aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) in peritoneal tissues. METHODS: Fifty-six SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, 1.5% PDS group, 4.25% PDS group, 1.5%PDS+1% SMI group, 1.5%PDS+2% SMI group, 4.25% PDS+1% SMI group and 4.25% PDS+2% SMI group. Two-hour peritoneal dialysis test was performed in rats in different groups by intraperitoneal injection for 8-week. Then rats were killed on the 8th week, and the bloods and peritoneal tissues were gathered. The rate of ultrafiltration, clearance rates of urea nitrogen, creatinine and glucose of peritoneum and content of total protein in PDS were detected. Peritoneal membrane histology was evaluated by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Expressions of ZO-1 and AQP-1 proteins in peritoneal tissues were detected by immunohistochemical method, and AQP-1 protein expression was also detected by Western blotting technique. RESULTS: Compared with normal control group, using of 1.5% PDS and 4.25% PDS caused the changes of structure and function in peritoneum, such as pathological change of peritoneum, decreasing of the rate of ultrafiltration (P<0.05), clearance rates of creatinine and glucose (P<0.01) and the expression of ZO-1 protein (P<0.05), and increasing of the expression of AQP-1 protein (P<0.05). Compared with the simple PDS groups, the pathological damage of peritoneum was lessened and the rate of ultrafiltration and clearance rates of creatinine and glucose were increased in the 1.5% PDS+2% SMI group and 1.5% PDS+2% SMI group. Expression of AQP-1 protein was decreased by 1.5% PDS+2% SMI as compared with 1.5% PDS (P<0.05).[JP] CONCLUSION: SMI can relieve the injuries of function and structure of peritoneum by down-regulating the expression of AQP-1 protein.

0.05),but the proportion of NRDS,the rate of mechanical ventilation dependence,and mortality had significant diffe-rences(Pa

Objective To determine the contributions of main chemical compositions of extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis represented by GC/MS elute peaks to the molluscicidal activities,and explore a shortcut of looking for the effective components from natural products. Methods E. camaldulensis leaves were collected consecutively in 12 months at the same place,extracted with dichloromethane,analyzed by GC/MS,and their LC50(s)of molluscicidal activities were tested according to the method rec-ommended by WHO. The correlation of the main components in 12 extracts and their molluscicidal activities were analyzed by the grey relative correlation analysis model with software GTMS 3.0. Result All the dichloromethane extracts of eucalyptus leaves showed excellent molluscicidal activities with the highest LC50 of 0.257mg/L and 0.242mg/L for the samples in June and July and the lowest LC50 of 6.802 mg/L and 5.406 mg/L in December and January respectively. The structures of 16 main chemical compo-nents were elucidated by GC/MS and NIST Mass Spectral Library,most of which were monoterpenes and sesquiterpenoids. The gray correlation coefficients with activity were all over 0.5,the first five over 0.9 were 4,4,8-Trimethyltricyclo[6.3.1.0(1,5)]do-decane-2,9-diol,(-)-Spathulenol,a structural isomer of(-)-Spathulenol,Eucalyptol and Ledol. Conclusion The most main in-gredients in the dichloromethane extracts of E. camaldulensis leaves show good correlations with the molluscicidal activity,which suggests that the molluscicidal role is synergistically played by the multiple components together.

Objective To investigate the change of cardiac function in elderly hypertensive patients with heart valve degenerative by echocardiography.Methods A total of 126 cases were divided into a valve disease group and non-valve disease group groups.The parameters of trial size,cardiac function and pulmonary artery pressure were detected.Results Of all 126 cases were the patients with hypertension including 28.6% (36/126) of valve disease group and 71.4% (90/126) of non-valve disease.There were 31 cases with mitral valve disease,22 cases with tricuspid valve disease; 26 cases with aortic valve disease; 36 cases with double or three alvular lesions in valve disease group.There was a significant difference in ventricle size and systolic function among valve disease group and non-valve disease group and control group.But there was no significant difference in thickness of ventricular wall between valve disease group and non-valve disease group.Conclusion The elderly hypertensive patient with valve disease was an independent factor for the development of congestive heart failure.

Background Long-term administration of glucocorticoid drugs induces ocular hypertension in susceptible individuals probably.It has been verified that 1 1β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1),glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) can affect the generating of aqueous humor,but how they play the role in glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension is unclear.Objective This study was to investigate the relationship of expressions of 11β-HSD1 and steroids receptors in ciliary body and steroid-induced ocular hypertension.Methods Thirteen 12-16 week-old New Zealand albino rabbits were randomized to control group (5 rabbits) and experimental group (8 rabbits).Steroid-induced glaucoma models were induced by administration of subconjunctival injection of 5 mg dexamethasone solution(1 ml) and 0.5％ dexamethasone eye drops on alternate days in the left eyes for consecutive two months in the experimental group,and the equal volume of sterile normal saline solution was used in the same way in the control group.The successful criteria of model eyes was defined as rising of intraocular pressure (IOP) to ≥ 18 mmHg for over one week.Then,the animals were sacrificed by excessive anesthesia and the ciliary tissues were isolated for the assay of expressions of 1 1β-HSD1 protein by immunochemistry,and the expressions of 11β-HSD1 mRNA,GR mRNA and MR mRNA in ciliary body were semi-quantitatively detected by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR).The experimental results were compared between the two groups.Results The IOP was normal in the first two weeks after administration of drugs,and no significant difference was found in IOP between the first week and the second week in the experimental group (q =0.469,P ＞0.05).From 3 through 5 weeks after injection,the IOP was gradually elevated,with the highest value of (18.87±0.77) mmHg in the fifth week.Significant differences were seen between the two groups at mentioned-above time points (q =10.535,20.353,28.681,all at P ＜ 0.01).11β-HSD1 protein was positively expressed in nonpigmented epithelial cells of ciliary tissue of rabbits in both groups,however,the expression intensity was weaker in the experimental group compared with the control group.The relative expressional values of MR mRNA,GR mRNA and 11β-HSD1 mRNA in the ciliary tissue were 2.22±0.78,0.64±0.11 and 0.47±0.16 in the experimental group,and those in the control group were 0.94±0.27,1.88±0.74 and 2.68±1.28,with significant differences between the two groups (t =6.070,P =0.004 ; t =5.170,P =0.007 ; t =5.540,P =0.005).Conclusions Corticosteroidinduced glaucoma probably is associated with the up-regulation of MR level and down-regulations of GR and 11β-HSD1 in ciliary body.

Objective To analyze MRI manifestation of the neonatal purulent meningitis retrospectively,including conventional MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI),and to evaluate the value of MRI in early assessment of the neonatal purulent meningitis.Methods From Jul 2004 to Jul 2009,20 full-term newborns (14 male,6 female) from Shengjing hospital were included in this study,all of which were diagnosed as purulent meningitis.MRI and DWI examinations were performed within 72h after the diagnosis.Results (1) Among those 20 infants,19 infants (95%) had positive findings,including 7 cases of cerebral infarction,4 cases of subdural effusion,3 cases of encephalomalacia,1 case of hydrocephalus,1 case of ependymitis and 7 cases of intracranial hemorrhage.(2) Among the 7 cases of infarction,5 cases showed hypointensity on T1WI and hyperintensity on DWI and T2WI,but the other 2 cases only showed hyperintensity on DWI.Conclusion MRI can detect infarction and hemorrhage in the early stage of purulent meningitis.So MRI,especially DWI,is very important for the early diagnosis and evaluation of neonatal purulent meningitis.

Objective To analyze the composition principles of Chinese patent drugs containing Rehmanniae Radix;To provide reference for clinical application and new drug research and development.Methods Based on the software Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System (V2.0), the authors built prescription database containing Rehmanniae Radix in National Standard for Chinese Patent Drugs (NSCPD). Then the authors adopted the statistical module by using data mining methods such as association rules and improved mutual information method, with a purpose to analyze the attending disease, combination rules and the core groups in prescriptions containing Rehmanniae Radix.Results In 357 prescriptions containing Rehmanniae Radix, 17 most commonly used drug combinations were mined. Meanwhile, two diseases, namely, insomnia and vertigo were chosen from the 22 diseases that Rehmanniae Radix was most frequently used to make deeper analysis, showing that Rehmanniae Radix can achieve different therapeutic effects through different compatibility.Conclusion Prescriptions containing Rehmanniae Radixin NSCPD mainly concentrate on clear heat and cool blood, and nourish Yin. The composition principles obtained from the research that Rehmanniae Radix used when curing different diseases can fully play the efficacy of RehmanniaeRadix and provide evidence for clinical scientific formulae.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Azithromycin ; pharmacology ; Bacteremia ; microbiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Culture Media ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Escherichia coli ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Methicillin Resistance ; Middle Aged ; Penicillin G ; pharmacology ; Salmonella paratyphi A ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; drug effects ; isolation & purification

Objective The Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13) is used for Screening PTSD of children. The reliability and validity of CRIES-13 is good. To research the demarcation points of CRIES-13 (Chinese version) based on the reliability and validity analysis,and to improve the useful value of the scale.Methods In late September 2008, according affected condition, students were choosed who were fit for the research standard as subjects in two middle schools. First,general questionnaire (self-writing) and CRIES-13 were applied to the subjects. Second, according to K-SADS-PL, physician carried out diagnosis meeting and evaluation to 310 students who were classified by stratified rand sampling. Critical point of CRIES-13 was divided by K-SADSPL. The assessment value of it were sensitivity, specificity, veracity, PPV, NPV. The right choice of division was measured by ROC curve. Results When the critical score was higher than 30, the score of Se ( 0. 833 ), Sp(0. 836) and NPV (0.97) was in the high level. Conclusion When the critical score is higher than 30, the scale have a good discrimination for PTSD, non-PTSD and it can be used extensively.

Objective To test the reliability and validity of CRIES-13(Chinese edition). The Children Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13) was recommened for diagnosing PTSD of children. Methods In the last third of the September 2008,according to the suffering condition,600 students were choosed who were fit for the research standard as subjects in two middle schools randomly. The viability of CRIES-13 was weighted by testretest reliability,Cronbach' s alpha,Split half reliability. The validity of CRIES-13 was analysed by content validity ,criterion validity,construction validity. Results In the test-retest reliability of CRIES-13, the Spearman correlation coefficient of total,intrusion factor,avoid factor,high warkening factor were 0.79, 0.75, 0.71, 0.75. Significant correlation were found among these scores. The Cronbach' s alpha of population was 0. 81. The Cronbach' s alpha of three factors was 0. 79 ( intrusion factor) , 0. 71 ( avoid factor), 0. 65 ( high awarkening factor). CRIES-13's split-half reliability was 0. 85. In the content validity test,the Spearman rank correlation coefficient between total score and each item was 0. 83 (intrusion factor), 0. 75 (avoid factor), 0. 85 (high awarkening factor). The correlation between intrusion factor and avoid factor was 0.63. The correlation between avoid factor and high awarkening factor was 0.41. The correlation between intrusion factor and high awarkening factor was 0.41. In struction validity, variance orthogonal rotation factor analysis was adopted and got three general factors. Their cumulative contribution to total variance was 55.52%. In the criterion validity test,significant correlation was found between intrusion factor and SDQ emotional factor and depression scale total score. Significant correlation was found between high awakening factor and SDQ emotional factor and depression scale total score. Conclusion The reliability and validity of CRIES-13 was good. It could be used extensively.