No abstract available.
Clonorchiasis*

No abstract available.
Clonorchiasis* ; Clonorchis sinensis

Thin layer immunoassay was carried out to demonstrate antibodies against Clonorchis sinensis in sera from clonorchiasis patients. Saline extract of adult worm was used as antigen. TIA technique was performed as described earlier by Elwing et al. (1976), but agarose was used instead of agar. The antibody titres of sera in 60 clonorchiasis cases were higher than that of 10 healthy and 10 amoebiasis cases, but not different comparing with that of 10 paragonimiasis cases. Antibody titres in clonorchiasis gave no differences according to the age, sex, EPG in feces, eosinophilia degree of blood, level of alkaline phosphatase and transaminase (SGOT, SGPT) in sera. It is suggested that, after evaluation, the TIA might supplement or be used as an alternative to other immunodiagnostic tests already in use for the diagnosis of clonorchiasis.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; clonorchiasis ; immunology

Thin layer immunoassay was carried out to demonstrate antibodies against Clonorchis sinensis in sera from clonorchiasis patients. Saline extract of adult worm was used as antigen. TIA technique was performed as described earlier by Elwing et al. (1976), but agarose was used instead of agar. The antibody titres of sera in 60 clonorchiasis cases were higher than that of 10 healthy and 10 amoebiasis cases, but not different comparing with that of 10 paragonimiasis cases. Antibody titres in clonorchiasis gave no differences according to the age, sex, EPG in feces, eosinophilia degree of blood, level of alkaline phosphatase and transaminase (SGOT, SGPT) in sera. It is suggested that, after evaluation, the TIA might supplement or be used as an alternative to other immunodiagnostic tests already in use for the diagnosis of clonorchiasis.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; clonorchiasis ; immunology

In order to assess the reliability of ultrasonographic criteria of clonorchiasis, a prospective study was performed in 14 patients who were diagnosed as clonorchiasis by ultrasonogram only, using the criteria of peripheral duct dilatation without dilatation of extrah epatic duct. Eleven out of 14 patients were turned out to be clonorchiasis, showing 93% accuracy. Authors in tend to stress these ultrasonographic signs are very well correlated with the CT and E RCP findings and are proved to be highly reliable for clonorchiasis, and thus clonorchiasis could be diagnosed by ultrasonogram only.
Clonorchiasis ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: In order to lower the infection rate and the reinfection rate of Clonorchiasis in high-risk areas, we performed and analyzed a case management on people with chlonorchisis. METHODS: The data was collected from April 2010 to March 2011. A community health practitioner was selected as a case manager based on our training program. The intervention group had 58 participants with three months of case management and the control group had 144 participants handled with traditional methods. RESULTS: The pre and post-test in the intervention group and the control group showed us improved knowledge of Clonorchiasis, attitudes and behavior toward eating freshwater fish. The results of post-test between the intervention group and the control group showed statistically significant differences in all categories, except a hand-washing category. However, one year after a case management, there was no significant difference in the failure rate of treatment. CONCLUSION: The case management was effective for people infected with Clornorchiasis near riverside areas; however, in order to lower the rates of reinfection and treatment failure, it is necessary to perform continuous monitoring and regular evaluations.
Case Management ; Clonorchiasis ; Eating ; Fresh Water ; Parasites ; Treatment Failure

The infection rates with cercaria and metacercaria of the Clonorchis sinensis in snail and fish hosts, and the prevalence among the inhabitants in the lower Nag Dong river in Busan were investigated in the period from June 1981 to March 1982. The stool examination and E.P.G. count for prevalence and intensity of clonorchiasis were done by cellophane thick smear and Stoll's egg count methods. The prevalence rate of clonorchiasis among inhabitants of 3 towns in Bug Gu, was 38.4% among a total of 1,384 persons examined. By town, the prevalence in Gu Po was 25.4% out of 330 persons examined, 39.3% in 438 examined in Gang Dong and 44.8% out of 616 in examined in Myeng Ji respectively. According to sex, the male(41.9%) showed relatively higher rate than female(35.3%). By age, increase of rate was observed as increase in age. The highest rate was 80.7% in 50-59 years group. The intensity of infection was light: 89.1% of examined cases were below 10,000 E.P.G. ; by area 80.9%(Gu Po), 80.2%(Gang Dong), 97.3%(Myeng JI). Out of fresh water fish species collected, 2 species were not infected with metacercaria. The metacercarial detection rate from fish in low Nag Dong river showed 100% in Pseudorasbora parva, Pseudogobio esocinus(41.4%), Hemibarbus labeo(37.1%), Acheilognathus limbata(33.3%) and Erythroculter erthropterus(4.5%) respectively. The mean number of metacercaria per gram of muscle was 21.2 in P. parva, P. esocinus(15.0), H. labeo(11.9), A. limbata(6.3), and E. erythropterus(1.6) respectively. Though 7 area along Nag Dong river were surveyed for Parafossarulus manchouricus, the snails were not found at all areas except for one area, Seo Nam stream; and the cercaria was infected 0.9% out of 708 examined.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; clonorchiasis-epidemiology ; host

To understand the mode of transmission in clonorchiasis, a survey was made in Kim-hae Goon, South Kyong-sang Do (=Province). The mathematical analysis of the age prevalence was done on the egg positive rates. And another analysis for the comparison was also made to the cited data from two areas, North Kyong-sang Do and Ko-yang Goon, Kyong-gi Do. Some catalytic models of H. Muench (1959) were applied to the observed age prevalence. Because the both parameters, such as force of infection(a) and loss of positivity(b) were considered to be constant for a long period in the surveyed area, the two stage catalytic model by Muench was chosen to the analysis. In the surveyed area, Kim-hae Goon where the egg positive rates were 56.2 percent and 61.2 percent (by Kim, 1974), the constant values of 'a' were found to be 0.051 and 0.089 respectively. In other words, the force of infection was 51, 89 per 1,000 susceptibles. The values of 'b' were found to be 0.006 and 0.005. This means that the rates of disappearance from egg positive cases to negative were 6 and 5 per annum per l,000 positive cases in above area. Therefore, the two catalytic curves were expressed by the following equations, y = 1.133 {e(-0.006t) - e(-0.051t)} and y = 1.047 {e(-0.005t) - e(-0.089t)} respectively. In the cases of North Kyong-sang Do and Ko-yang Goon, Kyong-gi Do where the egg positive rates of clonorchis shown as 27.7 percent and 15.2 percent by Shin (1964) and Kim (l974), the curves were expressed by y = 1.769 {e(-0.010t) - e(-0.034t)} and y = 2.857 {e(-0.020t) - e(-0.027t)} respectively. From the above mathematical analyses by age prevalence in clonorchiasis, it was considered that the mode of transmission of clonorchiasis in the surveyed area, Kim-hae Goon presented more rapid pattern than those of North Kyong-sang Do and Ko-yang Goon, Kyong-gi Do.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; clonorchiasis-Clnorchis sinensis ; epidemiology ; transmission

PURPOSE: The study was conducted to clarify effects of a clonorchiasis prevention education program for clonorchiasis prevention lecturers. METHODS: The research adopted a single group pretest-posttest design to see effects of the educational program to prevent Clonorchis sinensis infection. The subjects of this study were 74 clonorchiasis prevention lecturers from primary health care facilities. The pretest was conducted before the clonorchiasis prevention education program and the post test was done after the 2-day program in August, 2011. Descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA were conducted to analyze the data. RESULTS: The confidence level in Clonorchiasis management activities was improved significantly from 4.1+/-0.53 points before the education to 4.4+/-0.46 points after the education (t=-5.117, p<.001). The knowledge level about prevention of Clonorchis sinensis was improved significantly from 16.1+/-2.72 points before the education to 18.3+/-1.14 points after the education (t=-6.629, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the education program was effective in improving the confidence and knowledge levels in Clonorchiasis management activities for the clonorchiasis prevention lecturers. Based on the results of this study, continuous research on how the increased knowledge and confidence levels of Clonorchis sinensis prevention affect the prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis infection.
Clonorchiasis* ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Education* ; Prevalence ; Primary Health Care ; Program Evaluation

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of health education and anti-Clonorchis campaign conducted in Kyungpook Province and to compare the prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis among the residents in the same areas for the period 1964-1976. Both surveys were made on all age groups of residents ranging from 0 to over 60 years of age. They were examined using primarily intradermal tests with Clonorchis and Paragonimus antigens and followed by stool examinations. The definitive diagnosis of clonorchiasis was made on the recovery of Clonorchis eggs from the stools. A marked reduction in the prevalence was encountered in the youngest age group, but there is no significant difference in the older age groups. The overall prevalence rate for clonorchiasis was reduced from 27.7 to 19.6 per cent in a period of 10 years. It is found that clonorchiasis is less prevalent in Kyungpook Province than it was a decade ago and it continued to decline.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis-clonorchiasis ; Paragonimus westermani ; epidemiology