Objective To compare the pharmacokinetics of deme-thoxycurcumin hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin phospholipid complex, deme-thoxycurcumin hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, deme-thoxycurcumin phospholipid complex and deme-thoxycurcumin in rats in vivo, so as to discuss the advantages of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin phospholipid complex as drug carrier. Methods SD rats were gavaged with the preparations and free drug at 50 mg/mL (dose according to deme-thoxycurcumin). Then, blood samples were drawn from rat retinal venous plexus at 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 1 h, 1.5 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h, 12 h, 1 d, 2 d and 3 d. And the deme-thoxycurcumin concentrations in blood were determined by HPLC. Results The AUC0-∞ of deme-thoxycurcumin hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin phospholipid complex was (1 424.87±258.62) μg•L-1•h, which was higher than that of deme-thoxycurcumin (370.58±2.76) μg•L-1•h, deme-thoxycurcumin phospholipid complex (716.17±123.18) μg•L-1•h and deme-thoxycurcumin hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (1 009.35±138.64) μg•L-1•h, being 3.84, 1.98, and 1.41 folds of deme-thoxycurcumin, deme-thoxycurcumin phospholipid complex and deme-thoxycurcumin hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, respectively (P<.01 or P<.05). Conclusion The deme-thoxycurcumin hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin phospholipid complex has a better absorption property than deme-thoxycurcumin phospholipid complex and deme-thoxycurcumin hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, which can help to improve the bioavailability.

Objective: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of curcumin phospholipid complex (CCPC) in rats following oral administration. Methods: Blood samples were collected from the retinal venous plexus of SD rats after oral administration of CCPC or curcumin (CC), and the blood concentration of curcumin was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: The solubility and cumulative dissolution of CCPC (0.150 g/L and 68.04%, respectively) were higher than those of CC (0.057 g/L and 50.68%, respectively). The pharmacokinetic parameter of CCPC and CC were calculated as follows: Cmax (74.34±5.57) μg/L and (61.64±4.29) μg/L, Tmax (0.17±0) h and (0.25±0) h, AUC0-t (637.38±30.04) μg·h·L-1 and (172.41±31.66) μg·h·L-1, and AUC0-∞ (857.80±223.69) μg·h·L-1 and (191.08±43.27) μg·h·L-1, respectively. The intra-day, inter-day precision, and recovery rate met the criteria for content determination. Conclusion: Compared with curcumin, CCPC can be absorbed more rapidly and eliminated more slowly.

Dextroscope workstation is an advanced equipment developed in recent years and isused to make virtual reality model.We not only used it in surgical planning of thyroid disease,but also applied it in clinic teaching.Application of Dextroscope virtual reality system can help to improve students'capabilities of clinical thoughts and clinical techniques,stimulate their learning interest,enlarge the knowledge,shorten learning curve and release the conflict in practice.Dextroscope system will push forward the progress of education reform,so it is worth spreading.

Objective To evaluate the value of iterative modal reconstruction (IMR) for reducing radiation dose and controlling image quality in cardiac CT. Methods Ten pigs were included. All pigs were scanned on a 256?slice prospectively ECG?gated cardiac CT utilizing routine dose (group A) and tube current reduced by 30%(group B), 50%(group C) and 70%(group D), respectively. Filtered back projection (FBP), hybrid iterative reconstruction (iDose4) and IMR were used for all data, respectively. Image noise and contrast?to?noise ratio (CNR) of ascending aortic root were measured, while overall image quality and coronary artery image quality was rated (five point scale). All results reconstructed by FBP, iDose 4 and IMR were compared. Objective measurements were compared with one?way analysis of variance, and subjective assessments were compared with Kruskal?Wallis H test andχ2 test. Results Compared with that of FBP and iDose4, image noise of IMR was(15.1 ± 6.1),(18.8 ± 5.5),(22.1 ± 4.8)and(33.0 ± 4.0)HU, respectively in group A, B, C and D with significant reduction (F=82.77, 90.71, 96.59, 95.51 respectively, all P<0.01). Using IMR, groups A, B, C, D had higher CNR (42.0±11.1, 37.2±10.4, 31.4±8.7, 23.7±7.0;F=50.65, 53.55, 76.60, 57.36, all P<0.01) and overall image quality (5.0 ± 0.0, 4.8 ± 0.4, 4.6 ± 0.5, 4.5 ± 0.5;H=20.96, 15.63, 18.66, 23.56, all P<0.01) than FBP and iDose4. Using IMR, group A (100%, 40/40) and group B (100%, 40/40) had no significant difference (P>0.05) in the diagnosis rates of proximal coronary arteries compared with that using FBP and iDose4, while group C (100%, 40/40) and group D(92%, 37/40) had significantly increased diagnosis rates (χ2=20.05, 45.72, both P<0.01). The diagnosis rates of distal coronary arteries of IMR reconstruction which were 100%(50/50), 98%(49/50), 90%(45/50), 78%(39/50), respectively in groups A, B, C, D had significant increase compared with that of FBP and iDose4 reconstruction (χ2=7.39, 16.75, 34.62, 81.33, all P<0.05). Conclusions IMR can significantly reduce image noise, improve CNR and image quality compared with iDose4. Application of IMR can reduce radiation dose but without compromising image quality.

Objective To study the intestinal absorption characteristics of demethoxycurcumin hydroxypropyl/β cyclodcxtrin (DECD) and demethoxycurcumin (DE) in rats. Methods DECD was prepared by cyclodcxtrin inclusion technique and characterized by spectroscopic method. The morphology of DECD was observed by microphotograph and zeta potential was examined by Malvern laser particle sizer. In vivo single-pass intestinal perfusion rat model was adopted; the absorption rate constant (Ka), effective permeability (Papp) and percent absorption of DECD and DE were determined using the ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Results DECD was successfully prepared, with a solubility of 2. 30 g/L, which was 38. 33 times that of DE. Zeta potential of DECD was —32. 2 mV. The results of intestinal absorption experiment showed that the Ka and Papp values of DECD decreased in order in the ileum, duodenum, jejunum, and colon. In addition, the Ka, Papp values and percent absorption of DECD were higher than that of DE. Conclusion DECD can markedly improve the intestinal absorption of DE in rats.

Objective To evaluate the risk of plague occurrence via surveying and analyzing indoor rat density and flea index in natural villages having previous plague experience. Methods During August to September 2007, 30 natural villages experiencing previous plague were selected based on the surveillance data, and then all households were coded with numbers and 20 households in each village were randomly selected via computer. Cages and sticky papers were set in 600 selected households to capture rats and fleas. Rat density, flea prevalence, flea index and median were estimated. Results One hundred thirty-three Rattus flavipectus and 33 Suncus murinus were caught and averaged rat density was 2.8 rats per one hundred cage. nights (166/6000), the median was 5 rats each village. One hundred and one mice infected fleas, flea prevalence on rats was 60.8% (101/166), 296 Xenopsylla cheopis and 48 Leptopsylla segnis were collected. Rat flea index was 2.1 fleas per rat (344/166). A total of 315 dissociated flea was caught, average dissociated flea index was 0.026 fleas per sticky paper (315/11888). The median was 5.5 dissociated fleas per village. Of dissociated fleas, Ctenocephalides felis felis (205) and Xenopsylla cheopis (103) accounted for 97.8% (308/315). The proportion for species of the rat flea and the dissociated flea was different(Fisher test: P < 0.01). The rat flea was significantly associated with the rat density(r = 0.68, P < 0.01), but the dissociated flea was significantly associated with neither the rat density(r = -yield than fried wheat batter(χ2 = 5.59, P < 0.05). Conclusions In these villages having previous plague experience of Lianghe County, Rattusflavipectus was dominant species of indoor rats, Xenopsylla cheopis and Ctenocephalides felis felis were dominant species of rat flea and dissociated flea, respectively. Mengsong, Bangdu, and Tangjiatun village had potential risk of plague emergence.

Objective To find out the potential risk factor of plague in Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of plague. Methods Rodents were captured by rat traps/cages at night and identified into species in Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area from 2001 to 2009. Flea was counted and serum antibodies against plague F1 of rats, cats and dogs were detected by indirect hemagglutination (IHA). Plague surveillances were performed in human beings and rats. Results The rodents captured belonged to 9 species, 2 families, 2 orders and 1 classes. The average indoor rodent density was 1.16% (961/82 558), and was 1.12% (1345/119 671) outdoors. Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species,accounting for 50.37%. The proportion of R. Flavipectus was 3.80% in 2004, 4.50% in 2008 and 10.12% in 2009,showing an increasing trend year by year. There were three kinds of mice infected fleas in Wanzhou, which including Xenopsylla cheopis, Leptopsylla segnis and Ctenocephalides felis. The average rate of flea infected mice was 1.18%(82/6959) and the total flea index was 0.036. No F1 antibody against plague was detected in 6959 dogs and 160 cats serum samples. Conclusions No plague is found in Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. But R.Flavipectus, Xenopsylla cheopis and Leptopsylla segnis are dominant species in Wanzhou section, and the proportion of which shows an increasing trends year by year. There is a potential risk of plague outbreaks in Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Fluorescence ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; isolation & purification ; Paraffin Embedding ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; Young Adult

Objective: To investigate the anticancer effect and its mechanism of SN-38 combined with sorafenib on hepatocellular cancer cell lines HepG-2 and BEL-7402 . Methods: SRB colorimetry was employed to measure the viability of HepG-2 and BEL-7402 cells after the treatment of SN-38 with sorafenib .Propidium iodide flow cytometric assay and DAPI staining were used to evaluate the apoptosis of HCC cells. Western blotting was conducted to detect the expression level of apoptosis-related and DNA damage-related proteins .Results: SRB colorimetry showed the synergistic anticancer activities of SN-38 combined with sorafenib , with a combination index of <0.9.The apoptotic rates of HepG-2 cells in control, 60 nmol/L SN-38, 2.5 μmol/L sorafenib and combination groups were 4.25%±2.45%, 28.95%±10.75%, 3.49%±2.49% and 53.19%±11.21%, respectively ( P <0 .05 ) .Western blotting showed that the combination of these two drugs increased the enzymolysis of PARP , Caspase-8 and Caspase-3 , and promoted the expression levels of p53 , p21 andγ-H2 AX significantly .Conclusion:SN-38 and sorafenib have synergistic anticancer activity on hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro with the augmentation of apoptosis .

Antiviral Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; complications ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Mental Disorders ; complications ; Middle Aged