Objective:To investigate the effects of recombinant human interluekin-1 receptor antogonist (rhIL-1Ra) on the cartilage repair in rat temporomandibular joint(TMJ) with osteoarthritis(OA).Methods:Collagenase-Ⅱ was injected into bilateral TMJs of 24 adult rats for the induction of bilateral TMJOA,1 week after injection,5μg rhIL-1Ra(diluted in 0.05 ml normal saline) was injected into each right TMJ and the left joint received the same amount of normal saline injection as the control.12 animals were sacrificed at 2and 4 weeks after the first injection respectively.HE staining,immunnohistochemical method and RT-PCR examination were conducted.Mankins scere was used to evaluate the TMJOA degree.1 adult SD rat was used as healthy control,and sacrificed at 2 weeks of the experiment.Results:The TMJs of both sides showed typical OA-related cartilage degradation 2 week after IL-1Ra treatment,the Mankin~ score of the IL-1Ra treated and control joints was 1.33±0.52 and 2.00±6.63 (P＞0.05),4 week after treatment that was 3.00± 0.63 and 6.50 ± 0.84 (P＜0.05),respectively.Lower expression of ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5 was observed in the treated joints than in the controls (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Intra-articular injection of IL-1Ra into TMJ can alleviate the cartilage lesion,the mechanism may lie in the inhibition of the expression of ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the age, sex, etiology, diagnosis and treatment time of nasal bone fractures. METHOD: Clinical data of 202 cases with nasal bone fractures treated in the hospital were retrospectively analysed. RESULT: A total of 202 cases,163 men (80. 7%) and 39 women (19. 3%). Fifty-two patients had a relationship with alcohol consumption, and all of them were males. The most frequent reasons of the injury were fight 46. 5% (94 cases) followed by falling-down 21. 3% (43 cases), traffic accidents 19. 3% (39 cases), works related 6. 5% (13 cases), sport injuries 5. 9% (12 cases) and others 0. 5% (1 cases). Patients distribution in seasons were: spring 54 cases (26.7%), summer 42 cases (20.8%), autumn 58 cases (28.7%), winter 48 cases (23. 8%). Diagnosis of nasal bone fractures were made positively by x-ray films in 79. 7% of cases, but 100% by CT. Positive predictive value of CT was superior to that of X-ray films in the diagnosis of nasal bone fracture. CONCLUSION High morbidity of nasal bone fracture was seen in the age group of 20-29 years, and predominantly in male. Fight was found to be the main etiologic factor. We think that CT is necessary for diagnosing nasal bone fracture.
Adult ; Facial Bones ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; complications ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Nasal Bone ; injuries ; Nose Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Seasons ; Skull Fractures ; complications ; epidemiology ; Violence ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE To study the cause of bacterial infection of ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP) in intensive care unit(ICU) and summarize effective methods to prevent and control the infection.METHODS Epidemiologic study on 300 patients with VAP in ICU from Dec 1,2003 to Jul 13,2006.Preventing and controlling strategy was as follows.RESULTS Pathogenic bacteria of VAP in ICU mostly were multidrug-resistant ones,of which the G-were 56.3%,G+ were 23% and fungi were 13.7%.CONCLUSIONS To control VAP in ICU proper technique and method are important.Management of hospital infection and related training of staff in ICU are the basic way.

OBJECTIVETo assess the influence of mimic cardiac rate on hydrodynamics of different mechanical prosthetic cardiac valves.

METHODSUS-made CarboMedics bileaflet valve, China-made Jiuling bileaflet valve and C-L tilting disc valve were tested via a pulsatile flow simulator in the aortic position. Testing conditions were set at mimic cardiac rates of 55 bpm, 75 bpm, 100 bpm with a constant mimic cardiac output of 4 L/min. The mean pressure differences (deltaP), leakage volumes (L(E)V) and closing volumes (C(L)V) across each valve, and effective orifice areas (EOA) were analyzed.

RESULTSWithin physiological range, deltaP, L(E)V, and C(L)V decreased as mimic cardiac rate increased, with a large extent of variance. EOA increased along with an increase in mimic cardiac rate. It was a different response in terms of cardiac rate alteration for different types of mechanical prosthetic cardiac valves.

CONCLUSIONMimic cardiac rate change affects hydrodynamics of mechanical prosthetic cardiac valves. Within physiological range, the hydrodynamic of prosthetic bileaflet valve is better than that of tilting disc valve.

Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cardiac Output ; Cardiac Volume ; Heart Rate ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Hemodynamics ; In Vitro Techniques ; Prosthesis Design ; Pulsatile Flow

OBJECTIVETo determine the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), diabetes mellitus(DM), rates of awareness, treatment and control of DM in 14 Chinese subpopulations and the trends of development in recent years.

METHODSWe collected data on history regarding DM and fasting serum glucose in 14 Chinese subpopulations aged 35 to 59 in 1998, under cluster sampling. In 4 out of the 14 subpopulation samples, a similar survey using same methods in 1993 - 1994 was carried out. IFG and DM were diagnosed according to the WHO criteria.

RESULTSThe age-standardized prevalence rates of IFG and DM were from 0.5% to 15.6% (mean: 4.8%) and from 0.2% to 10.6% (mean: 4.3%) for the whole 14 subpopulations in 1998 which were not different between men and women, but higher in urban than in rural (P < 0.01), but increased with age (P < 0.01). The rates of awareness,treatment and control of DM were from 0% to 46.2% (mean: 33.3%), from 0% to 46.2% (mean: 27.2%), and from 0% to 15.4% (mean: 9.7%), which were significantly higher in women than in men (P < 0.01), higher in urban than in rural (P = 0.031), and higher in older participants (P < 0.05), but not much different in the levels of education. The rate of treatment in patients with awareness of DM and the rate of control in patients with treated DM were 81.6% and 35.6% respectively, which were not different between men and women, urban and rural or among different age groups. The mean prevalence of DM increased from 3.8% in 1993 - 1994 to 4.6% in 1998 (P = 0.037). The rates of awareness, treatment and control of DM had an increasing trends but with no significant differences between years 1993 - 1994 and 1998.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of DM in 14 Chinese subpopulations exhibited no differences between men and women, but showing significant differences among areas and an increasing trend in the recent years. The rates of awareness, treatment, and control were still relatively low. To improve the efficacy of screening program and treatment seemed to be the two key issues in prevention and control of DM in China.

Adult ; Age Distribution ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; China ; epidemiology ; Demography ; Diabetes Mellitus ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Educational Status ; Fasting ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rural Population ; statistics & numerical data ; Sex Distribution ; Urban Population ; statistics & numerical data

OBJECTIVETo assess the relationship between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP) including hypertension.

METHODSA total of 30 003 participants aged 35 - 59 from different parts of China were surveyed for cardiovascular disease risk factors in two independent cross-sectional studies that were carried out in 1992 - 1994 and in 1998. Data were pooled to analyze the levels of BP and rates of hypertension with different levels of BMI and WC.

RESULTSThe level of BP and rate of hypertension were significantly increasing with rising of WC among the majority of BMI groups (P value for trend < 0.05) and significantly increasing with rising of BMI in all WC groups (P value for trend < 0.05). The age adjusted hypertension rate with BMI < 24.0 kg/m(2) and WC < 85/80 cm (men/women), BMI < 24.0 kg/m(2) and WC >or= 85/80 cm (M/W), BMI 24.0 - 27.9 kg/m(2) and WC < 85/80 cm (M/W), BMI 24.0 - 27.9 kg/m(2) and WC >or= 85/80 cm (M/W), BMI >or= 28 kg/m(2) and WC >or= 85/80 cm (M/W) were 16.5%, 29.8%, 29.6%, 39.2% and 57.5% for men and 14.1%, 20.6%, 24.7%, 30.3% and 43.3% for women, respectively.

CONCLUSIONIndependent influence of BMI or WC on BP was noticed. Keeping BMI and WC at normal level might effectively prevent the occurrence of hypertension.

Adult ; Anthropometry ; methods ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo analyze the trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, control of hypertension among middle-aged Chinese.

METHODSThe study comprised two cross-sectional surveys including urban and rural residents, manual workers, farmers and fishermen in different southern and northern parts of China. There were 13 populations under research with comparable data. 18 746 (in 1992 - 1994) and 13 504 (in 1998) participants, aged 35 through 59 years, equal number of men and women, were examined in each of the surveys, on blood pressure measurement, in 1992 - 1994 and in 1998. Hypertension was defined as systolic pressure >/= 140 mm Hg, and/or diastolic pressure >/= 90 mm Hg, and/or reported treatment with antihypertensive medications. Awareness and treatment on hypertension were assessed with standardized questions. Hypertension control was defined as measured blood pressure of less than 140/90 mm Hg. Awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were standardized according to the WHO world standard population.

RESULTSIn 1998, 24.0% of participants had hypertension, an increase of 2.3% from 1992 - 1994. Prevalence of hypertension was higher in urban area (25.4%), increasing with age, and higher in men among the younger groups and lower in women among the older groups. Overall, in 1998, 42.6% were aware of their hypertensive status (increase of 5.3%), 31.3% were treated (increase of 3.8%), and the rate under control was 6.0% (increase of 2.6%). The rates of awareness, treatment and control, which tended to increase with age except those aged above 55 years, which were higher in urban areas and women compared with rural areas and men. For people with treated hypertension, the rates of those under control were ranged from 12.7% in 1992 - 1994, to 19.9% in 1998.

CONCLUSIONPrevalence of hypertension was increasing in China, while the rates of control, although improving, continued to be low. This implied that effective public measures needed to be developed to enhance the awareness and rates of treatment.

Adult ; Antihypertensive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Awareness ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Surveys ; Prevalence ; Risk Reduction Behavior ; Rural Health ; Sampling Studies ; Sex Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urban Health

OBJECTIVETo assess the relationship between incidence of ischemic stroke and alcohol consumption.

METHODSThe information on alcohol consumption and other cardiovascular risk factors such as SBP, DBP, TC was collected among 10 populations in northern and southern parts of China according to the international standardized methods. A total number of 30 560 men and women aged 35 - 59 were enrolled and followed up for an average of 15.2 years. Complete data on 12,352 men was analyzed.

RESULTSThe risk on ischemic stroke incidence showed a graded association. Compared with nondrinkers, the relative risks of incidence of ischemic stroke for those who drank alcohol less then 15 gram per day, 15-30 gram per day, 30-60 gram per day, above 60 gram per day were 0.86 (95% confidence interval 0.57-1.27), 1.20 (0.87-1.65), 1.26 (0.86-1.84) and 1.96 (1.30-2.93), respectively.

CONCLUSIONOur study revealed that in male Chinese, heavy alcohol intake significantly increased the risk while mild alcohol drinking did not increase the risk of ischemic stroke.

Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; adverse effects ; Cerebral Infarction ; epidemiology ; etiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; epidemiology ; etiology

OBJECTIVEThe aim of the study was to investigate the association between tea consumption and stroke.

METHODSA cross sectional study was conducted in autumn, 1998. The subjects were from 12 provinces in China. 15 groups of populations were selected by cluster randomized sampling and each group had about 1000 persons, aged from 35 to 60 years old. 14 212 subjects had complete data for analysis. Data regarding tea drinking would include drinking status, dose and type of teas. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between tea consumption and stroke.

RESULTSThere was a strong inverse correlation between tea drinking and stroke after adjusting other risk factors of stroke (P < 0.05). The odds ratio (OR) of stroke was 0.60 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.42 - 0.85] for subjects who drank tea compared to those who did not. Increased amount of tea consumption per month was associated with decreased stroke prevalence. The association for tea consumption over 150 gram per month and stroke was statistically significant (P < 0.05) with an OR value of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.36 - 0.89). Analytical results indicated that the OR value was 0.24 (95% CI: 0.06 - 1.01) for black tea and other tea (P = 0.05). The OR value was 0.35 (95% CI: 0.18 - 0.72) for green tea (P < 0.01), and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.51 - 1.11) for jasmine tea (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTea drinking was independently associated with prevalence of stroke which might play a role in the prevention of the disease.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plant Extracts ; therapeutic use ; Prevalence ; Sampling Studies ; Stroke ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tea ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo assess the current status in dietary treatment of hypercholesterolemia and its effects on control of this disease in China.

METHODSTwenty five Tertiary-A hospitals from 12 provinces in China were selected, in which 2136 patients were recruited who had had hypercholesterolemia and had been receiving lipid lowering treatment for at least 2 months. Serum lipids level was determined for each patient at the time of enrollment, and using a simplified food frequency method carried out dietary intake survey. Patients who take meat of less than 75 g per day and eggs of less than 5 per week, and fried foods of less than 5 times per week, and butter cakes and pastry of less than 5 times per week were considered as having their diet controlled.

RESULTSAmong 1746 responded patients, 68.3% reported having controlled diet. Among those reported "controlled", 75% had a diet meeting the requirements suggested by the Chinese Recommendations on Prevention and Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia (CRPTH). The percentage of patients having their serum total cholesterol under control in diet controlled group, according to the CRPTH, was significantly higher than that in diet uncontrolled group (28.8% vs 13.6%, P < 0.01). After adjustment for drug treatment and other covariates, the diet controlled group showed a significantly higher rate in control of hypercholesterolemia than the diet uncontrolled group (OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4 approximately 5.2).

CONCLUSIONDiet control significantly improves the status in control of hypercholesterolemia and thus should be reinforced in routine clinical practice.

Anticholesteremic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; blood ; diet therapy ; drug therapy ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome