Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; surgery ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; surgery ; Humans ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; prevention & control ; surgery ; Prognosis

To investigate the effects of Tongxinluo capsule on sciatic nerve apoptosis in spontaneous type II diabetic KK/Upj-Ay mice, in order to explore its mechanism for improving diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). KK/Upj-Ay mice were selected as the DPN animal model and randomly divided into the model, Tongxinluo low, middle and high group (1, 2, 4 g x kg(-1)). C57BL/6 mice were selected as the control group. Mice were given intragastrically for 12 weeks. Paw withdrawal latency, motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) were detected. Apoptotic rate were detected by FCM. Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3 mRNA and protein expression in sciatic nerve were examined by Real-time PCR and Western blot. p38MAPK, p-p38MAPK expression were examined by Western blot. In this study,the authors found that Tongxinluo capsule could increase paw withdrawal latency, MNCV and SNCV. Apoptotic rate of sciatic, the expression of Bax and caspase-3 were lower, while Bcl-2 expression was higher in Tongxinluo group than those in model mice. The expression of p-p38MAPK significantly decreased in Tongxinluo group. The results showed that Tongxinluo capsule has protective effects on diabetic peripheral neuropathy of mice via inhibiting cell apoptosis and suppressing the expression of p-p38MAPK.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Capsules ; administration & dosage ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Sciatic Nerve ; cytology ; drug effects

Head and Neck Neoplasms ; pathology ; Humans ; Lymphangiogenesis ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Cytomegalovirus Infections ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Skin Diseases ; etiology

A comprehensive analytical method based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry has been developed for the determination of nonylphenol, octylphenol and bisphenol A in textiles and food packaging) materials. Various textile and food packaging material samples were extracted under the conditions of 10.3 MPa and 120 ℃ by accelerated solvent extraction method with two static cycles using ethanol as the extraction) solvent. The extract was cleaned up by Supelclean Envi-Carb solid phase extraction cartridge. Qualitative) and quantitative analyses were carried out for the analytes under the multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) mode after the chromatographic separation on Waters XBridge C_(18))(150 mm×2.1 mm, 3.5 μm) column) with methanol-0.1% NH_4OH gradient elution. The limits of detection(LODs) for alkylphenol, octyphenol and bisphenol A were 0.5 μg/kg. The mean recoveries for textile samples at the spiked level of 0.5-10 μg/kg were 86.9%-92.5%, with the relative standard deviation less than 9.1%. The mean recoveries for food packaging material samples at the spiked level of 0.5-10 μg/kg were 87.8%-93.0%, with the relative standard deviation less than 8.8%. The method is accurate, simple, rapid, and adapts to the inspection of nonylphenol, octylphenol and bisphenol A in textiles and food packaging materials.

BACKGROUND: A long-term follow-up indicates that orthotopic ileal neobladder can cause acid-base balance and nutritional metabolic disorder. Otherwise, a long mesenterium is necessary to balance the tension of bladder at pelvic cavity and urinary inosculation due to a high position of ileum. On the contrary, sigmoid neobladder is near by urinary canal, and orthotopic sigmoid neobladder as a bladder substitute after radical cystectomy has few effects on acid-base balance of electrolytes, nutritional metabolism and secretion of mucus.OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical results of these two operations basis on long-term follow-up. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis.SETTING: Department of Urinary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: 164 patients with carcinoma of bladder were selected from Department of Urinary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College form January 1995 to March 2005. Ninety-six of them, including 74 males and 22 females, with age of 43-74 years and the average age of 65 years, accepted the operation of orthotopic ileal neobladder were regarded as the ileal neobladder group, and the other 68, including 64 males and 4 females, with age of 51-72 years and the average age of 62 years, accepted the operation of orthotopic sigmoid neobladder were regarded as the sigmoid neobladder group. All patients were finally diagnosed as pathological examination, and informed consent was provided by all patients. Treatment plan was approved by the local ethical committee.METHODS: ① Orthotopic ileal neobladder: Once the bladder was removed, a segment of ileum about 40-60 cm in length was isolated. In the operative procedure, the distal part of ileum which connected to the caecum often kept, the length of which was 15-20 cm. Both distal ends of the ureters were anastomosed to the homolateral not been split end of the isolated bowel. A perforation was constructed at the bottom of the pouch which served as the outlet, this outlet was then anastomosed to the proximal portion of the remaining urethra. ② Orthotopic sigmoid neobladder: After surgically removing the bladder, a part of the sigmoid colon, the length of which was 30-40 cm was isolated. Other operations were as the same as those mentioned above. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Time of operation, blood loss during the procedure, length of time confined to bed, time of indwelling catheter, the ability to maintain continence and urinate, the results of urodynamic studies, and pouch related complications after operation.RESULTS: In 164 patients, 12 (7.3%) were lost to follow-up. The mean follow-up times were 46 months in the group of orthotopic ileal neobladder and 42 months in the group of orthotopic sigmoid neobladder, respectively. Blood loss during the procedure and the ability to maintain continence and urinate were similar in the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with sigmoid neobladder group, the ileal neobladder group spent more time on operation, keeping the bed and indwelling catheter. The max volume of ileal pouch was higher than that of sigmoid pouch, and the difference was significant in statistic analysis (t=2.56-3.08, P < 0.05-0.01). Incidence of complication of ileal pouch (16.7%, 29.2%) was higher than that of sigmoid pouch (9%, 16%). The incidence in the early phase was not significantly different, but that in the late phase was significantly different (x2=5.426, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Compared with orthotopic ileal neobladder, sigmoid neobladder is worthy of being preferred for its shorter operative time, faster recovery and lower rate of pouch related complications.

Lanosterol synthase is encoded by the erg7 gene and catalyzes the cyclization of 2, 3-oxidosqualene, which is a rate-limiting step of the inherent mevalonate (MVA)/ergosterol metabolic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The intermediate 2, 3-oxidosqualene is also the precursor of triterpenoids. Therefore, the cyclization of 2, 3-oxidosqualene is the key branch point of ergosterol and triterpenoids biosynthesis. Down-regulation of 2, 3-oxidosqualene metabolic flux to ergosterol in S. cerevisiae may redirect the metabolic flux toward the triterpenoid synthetic pathway reconstructed by the synthetic biology approach. To construct erg7 knockout cassette harboring the loxP-Marker-loxP element, long primers were designed, which were homologous to the sequences of both erg7 ORF and plasmid pUG66. The cassette was transformed into diploid wild strain INVSc1 by LiAc/SS Carrier DNA/PEG method and then erg7 gene haploid deficient mutant was obtained by homologous recombination. The results of semiquantitative PCR and real-time quantitative PCR revealed that erg7 expression level in erg7 gene haploid deficient mutant is one time lower than that in wild strain. The results of TLC and HPLC showed that the ergosterol content in deficient mutant decreased to 42% of that in wild strain.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; DNA Primers ; Down-Regulation ; Ergosterol ; metabolism ; Haploidy ; Intramolecular Transferases ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; genetics ; Squalene ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism

Traditional herbal medicines, Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium and Panax notoginseng, attract our attention for their extensive and powerful pharmacological activities. Ginsenosides are the main active constituents of these medicinal herbs. The related glycosyltransferases involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis are the key enzymes which catalyze the last important step. Modification of ginsenoside aglycones by glycosyltransferases produces the complexity and diversity of ginsenosides, which have more extensive pharmacological activity. At present, ginsenoside aglycones and compound K have been obtained by synthetic biology. As the last step of ginsenoside biosynthesis, glycosylation of ginsenoside aglycones has been studied intensively in recent years. This review summarizes the basic strategies and research advances in studies on glycosyltransferases involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis, which is expected to lay the theoretical foundation for the in-depth research of biosynthetic pathway of ginsenosides and their production by synthetic biology.
Biosynthetic Pathways ; Ginsenosides ; biosynthesis ; Glycosyltransferases ; metabolism ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Synthetic Biology

Pichia pastoris is one of the most important systems used in the field of molecular biology for the expression of recombinant proteins. The system has advantages of high expression, high stability, high secretion, easy high-density fermentation and low cost. Many factors affect the expression of recombinant protein, such as gene copy number, codon usage preference, type of promoter, molecular chaperones, glycosylation, signal peptide and fermentation process. In this review, research advances of the above aspects are summarized, which lay a foundation for improving the expression of recombinant proteins in P. pastoris.
Fermentation ; Gene Dosage ; Glycosylation ; Molecular Chaperones ; Pichia ; metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Sorting Signals ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical curative effect of thoracolumbar burst fracture treated by the posterior unilateral approach corpectomy fusion screw-rod fixation and anterior corpectomy bone fusion screw plate fixation.

METHODSFrom January 2008 to May 2014,36 cases of thoracolumbar burst fracture underwent operation of decompression, fusion, and internal fixation was retrospective analyzed. Among them, 16 patients were treated through posterior approach as posterior group, including 13 males and 3 females aged from 37 to 62 years old; 9 cases caused by falling injury, 3 cases by traffic accident injury,4 cases by heavy aboved;the injury segment was on T₁₂ in 2 cases, L₁ in 5 cases, L₂ in 7 cases, L₃ in 2 cases; according ASIA grade, 3 cases were grade A, 2 cases were grade B, 2 cases were grade C, 5 cases were grade D, 4 cases were grade E; the time between injury and operation ranged from 5 to 15 days. Other 20 patients were treated through anterior-lateral approach as anterior-lateral group, including 15 males and 5 females with age from 27 to 62 years old; 12 cases caused by falling injury, 4 cases by traffic accident injury, 4 cases by heavy aboved; the injury segment was on T₁₂ in 2 cases, L₁, in 7 cases, L₂ in 9 cases, L₃ in 2 cases; for ASIA grade: 4 cases were grade A, 2 cases were grade B, 4 cases were grade C, 6 cases were grade D, 4 cases were grade E; the time between injury and operation ranged from 4 to 12 days. The operation time, bleeding during operation and postoperative drainage volume were observed in two groups,and the changes of nerve function of ASIA grade, clinical efficacy,improved degree of thoracic and lumbar lordosis,and bony fusion were compared between two groups.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 12 to 24 months with an average of (15.8 ± 3.3) months. The operation time, bleeding during operation, and postoperative drainage volume had no significant different between two groups (P > 0.05). As compared with preoperative, ASIA grade of two groups at last follow-up had statistically significantly different (P < 0.01), the neural function of two groups after operation was recovered for different extent. The JOA score of two groups was compared between last follow-up and preoperative, the difference had statistically significant (P < 0.01), the two groups showed good clinical effect. The clinical results of ASIA grade, JOA score and RIS had no significant differences between two groups. All patients of two groups were obtained fusion. Thoracic and lumbar lordosis angle improvement degree had no significant difference between two groups ,it bad significant difference had statistical significance compared with preoperative, the two approaches could effectively restore the spinal sequence.

CONCLUSIONFor patients with thoracolumbar burst fracture just treated by anterior decompression and reconstruction of anterior column, according to the degree of operation performer' skill proficiency and the patient' condition to choose, but for patients must performed the spinal canal decompression anterior and posterior, the three column-reconstruction to required anterior-posterior approach, the posterior unilateral approach corpectomy fusion screw-rod fixation obviously shorten operation time, reduce the operation wound, it is worth the clinical promotion.

Adult ; Decompression, Surgical ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedicle Screws ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery ; Spinal Fusion ; methods ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery