Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation,histone post-translational modifications,non-coding RNA are reversible,heritable alterations which are induced by environmental stimuli.Major risk factors of diabetes and diabetic complications including hyperglycemia,oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products,can lead to abnormal epigenetic modifications in retinal vascular endothelial cells and retinal pigment epithelium cells.Epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of macular edema and neovascularization of diabetic retinopathy (DR),as well as diabetic metabolic memory.The heritable nature of epigenetic marks also plays a key role in familial diabetes mellitus.Further elucidation of epigenetic mechanisms in DR can open the way for the discovery of novel therapeutic targets to prevent DR progression.

Objective To investigate the impact of alterations within the space of Disse micro- environment on the migration of hepatic stellate cells(HSC) during the process of liver fibrosis,and to ex plore the novel mechanism of liver fibrosis from the view of cell migration.Methods A modified in vitro Boyden chamber system to partially mimic in vivo microenvironment of Disse space of normal and liver fibrosis was employed.The effects of fibrogenetic growth factors on the migration of HSC in liver fibrosis were observed via cell migration and cell proliferation experiments.Results Enhanced platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF)-BB,transforming growth factor(TGF)-?1 and/or epithelial growth factor(EGF) in liver fibrosis resulted in an increase in migratory capacity of activated HSC.The enhanced migration of HSCs induced by PDGF-BB was partially associated with their increased proliferation,while,TGF-?1 or EGF-induced migration was proliferation independent.The elevation of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)during liver fibrosis had no effect on the migration of HSCs.Conclusions The study provides valuable insights into the role of space of Disse microenvironment in regulating HSC migratory behavior.TGF-?1,PDGF-BB and EGF,which increased in liver fibrosis, could induce the migration of activated HSC.However,bFGF or VEGF has no such kind of effect,al- though they also increased during liver fibrosis.

Objective To evaluated the effect of hyperbaric oxygenation therapy(HBO)on the RhoA ex- pression and nerve function after transient focal cerebral ischemia in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Methods One hundred and twenty-six healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were used and randomly divided into a sham op- eration group(shame group,n=42),a treatment group(n=42),and a control group(n=42).The animal model of middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)was established by using the Zea-Longa method with the animals in the treatment and the control groups,and sham operation was performed with those in the sham group.HBO was applied to the animals in the treatment group.The RhoA protein expression was observed by using immunohistochemistry technique,and the neurological function was evaluated by Bederson's scale at different time points after MCAO.Re- sults(1)Weakly positive expression of RhoA could be located in bilateral cortex and the basal ganglia in the sham group.The expression of RhoA in the treatment group and control group was increased as early as 6 hours after MCAO when compared with that of the sham group,and peaked at 48 h after MCAO and decreased after then,but was still higher than that of the shame group at 7th day to 14th day after MCAO.It was also found that the expression of RhoA of the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P

Objective To investigate the relationship between IgG antibody titer in pregnant women with maternal-fetal ABO blood incompatibility and hemolytic disease of fetuses and newborns.Methods From January 31 2009 to January 31 2010,1269 singleton pregnant women who were suspected to have maternal fetal ABO blood incompatibility in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Southwest Hospital,Third Military University were collected.Anti-A or anti-B IgG titers of them were detected at 28-30 gestational age,and umbilical cord blood were taken when delivery and hemolytic disease of the newborn serological test were done to diagnose hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN).The relationship between the titers and incidence of fetal or neonatal hemolytic disease was retrospectively analyzed by Kendall tau rank correlation.Results No IgG of anti-A or anti-B in serum were found in 58.4％ (741/1269) pregnant women,while the antibody titer of 5.1％ (65/1269) pregnant women were more than or equal to 1 ∶ 128.When they were tested again at 36 gestational week,the titer of 17 cases increased twice but lower than 1 ∶ 512.No signs of intrauterine hemolysis,such as edema,ascites and pleural effusion,were found.Three hundred and eighty neonates (29.9％,380/1269) were diagnosed as HDN.Among which,12 cases (3.2％,12/380) showed mild anemia and (or) jaundice within 24 hours after delivery.There was positive correlation between incidence of neonatal hemolysis and antibody titer(Tb=-0.293,P＜0.01).The incidence of HDN increased from 85.4％ (35/41) in women with antibody titer of 1 ∶ 128 to 5/5 inwomen with antibody titer at 1 ∶ 512 (x2=108.906,P＜0.01).Among 380 HDN neonates,322 cases were transferred to neonatal intensive care unit for phototherapy based comprehensive therapy,and two underwent exchange transfusion.All patients were cured.Conclusions The intrauterine hemolysis incidence of patients with suspected maternal-fetal ABO blood incompatibility is very low,and no special care is required during pregnancy.Anti-A or anti-B tests during pregnancy is helpful in early diagnosis and management of HDN.

Objective To assess the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic uterine artery blockage for the treatment of adenomyosis. Methods Laparoscopic uterine artery blockage was performed in 38 patients with adenomyosis. Enucleation and excision or vaporization of endometriosis were performed at the same time in patients with chocolate cyst of ovary and endometriosis. Lysis of adhesion and presacral neurectomy were performed in some patients. Symptoms and uterine volumes of all patients were investigated after the treatment. Results Relieved clinical symptoms were found in all 38 patients. Menorrhagia was reduced to (56?16)%. Complete disappearance of dysmenorrhea was found in 17 patients (44.7%), significantly alleviated in 14 patients (36.8%), partially alleviated in 6 patients (15.8%), but ineffectiveness in 1 patient (2.6%). Pain score and classification were decreased significantly (P

Objective To study the expression changes and significance of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)-mRNA and mutant p53 protein in thyroid carcinoma tissues in the elderly.Methods The expression level of hTERT-mRNA was examined by in situ hybridization in 50 samples of thyroid carcinoma tissues from the elderly and 41 samples of thyroid carcinoma tissues from the non-elderly and 30 samples of thyroid benign lesions.The expression level of p53 was examined by immunohistochemistry in all subjects.Results The positive rate of hTERT-mRNA was 96.0％ (48/50),85.3％ (35/41) and 10.0％ (3/30) in thyroid carcinoma tissues from the elderly,the non-elderly and thyroid benign lesions respectively,and there were significant differences between the three groups (x2=73.61,P=0.000).The positive rate of p53 was 92.0％ (46/50),85.3％ (35/41) and 13.3％ (3/30) in thyroid carcinoma tissues from the elderly,the non-elderly and thyroid benign lesions respectively,and there were significant differences between the three groups (x2 =62.30,P =0.000).Conclusions The positive rates of hTERT-mRNA and p53 in thyroid carcinoma tissues are higher in the elderly than in the non-elderly,which can be used to evaluate the biological behavior and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma in the elderly,and they play the important roles for targeted therapy.

Objective To evaluate the significance of fiberoptic bronchoscopic brush cytology in the diagnosis and histological classification of lung carcinoma.Methods Data of 309 patients with lung carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed.Both bronchoscopic cytology and histology diagnosis were available.The positive rate of bronchoscopic cytology and tissue biopsy were calculated respectively.The classification accuracy of cytological diagnosis for lung carcinoma was evaluated.In tissue biopsy standard,evaluated the significance of bronchoscopic cytology in diagnosis and histological diagnosis.Results The positive rate of bronchoscopic cytology and tissue biopsy were 86.1％ (266/309) and 83.8％ (259/309),respectively.Bronchoscopic cytology combined with bronchial biopsy could obviously improve the positive rate to 94.2％ (291/309) in lung carcinoma diagnosis.Taking the tissue biopsy histological type as a standard,the cytotyping accuracy for brush method was 85.1％(74/87) in squamous carcinoma,82.4％(108/131) in adenocarcinoma and 100％(11/11) in small cell carcinoma for higher.However,the accuracy in diagnosing poorly differentiated carcinomas was only 12.2％ (5/ 41).Conclusion Fiberoptic bronchoscopic brush cytology plays an stable and important role in diagnosing lung carcinomas and histological type determination.However,it has limited use in diagnosing poorly differentiated carcinomas.

Objective To investigate the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), dexamethasone (DEX), and S adenomethionine (SAMe) on the pregnant rats with intrahepatic cholestasis induced by ethinylestradiol (EE). Methods A total of 50 15 day pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group, EE group, UDCA group, DEX group, and SAMe group. In EE group, rats were subcutaneously injected with EE (2.5 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ) for 5 d. In the control group, rats received subcutaneous injection of appropriate volume of propylene glycol (PG) for 5 d. In UDCA, SAMe, and DEX groups, rats were administered with the same dose of EE plus UDCA (100 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ), SAMe (100 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ), and DEX (1 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ) for 5 d, respectively. The serum levels of aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatases (ALP), glycocholic acid (GC), and total bilirubin were measured after cesarean. Morphologic changes of the liver of pregnant rats and the growth and development of the fetal rats were observed. Results The serum levels of ALT, ALP, GC in rats of UDCA group were decreased significantly as compared with those in DEX group ( P

Objective To investigate the clinical features ,diagnosis and treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) .Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical history ,clinical manifestation ,diagnoses ,treatments and outcomes of 42 patients with ec‐topic pregnancy in the cesarean scar .Results All cases got diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasound .The error rate of first diagnosis was 40 .4% (17/42) .There were 25 cases of conservative therapy ,in which 12 cases were resolved with laparoscopic surgery and 1 case resolved with open surgery ;in the first process 15 cases were carried out laparoscopic surger in which 1 case were converted to laparotomy ;abdominal surgery were underwented in 1 case and were cured .Only one case underwent abdominal total hysterectomy as of failure after uterine artery embolization .After initial conservative treatment 3 cases were hospitalized again and 2 cases under‐went reoperation .41 patients were successfully retained the uterus and normal menstrual cycle returned at two months after opera‐tion .Conclusion The early diagnosis for CSP mainly depended on ultrasound and the thickness of incision muscle layer is an impor‐tant basis for choice of treatment .Checking the thickness of incision muscle layer for CSP mainly depended on ultrasound ,and lapa‐roscopic surgery is an ideal method for diagnosis and treatment of CSP .

Objective To study the differential expressions of labour-associated genes,including interleukin-8 (IL-8),oxytocin receptor (OTR) and prostaglandin H synthase type-2 (PGHS-2)) between preterm labour and term labour myometrium and their clinical significance.Methods Seventeen cases of preterm labour (PTL) and 31 cases of preterm no labour (PTNL) of pregnant women were selected as study group,while 6 cases of term labour (TL) and 6 cases term no labour (TNL) of pregnant women were chosen as control.Lower myometrial tissue biopsies were collected to detect the expressions of IL-8,OTR and PGHS-2 by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) as well as Western blot analysis.The expression data were then statistically analyzed in combination with clinical data.Results In the lower myometrial tissues,the mRNA levels of IL-8 and PGHS-2 were significantly lower in PTL group than in TL samples (P0.05),but the PGHS-2 mRNA level was significantly higher in TL group than in TNL group (P0.05).Correlation analysis suggested that the mRNA level of IL-8 was significantly correlated with gestational age in PTNL group (r=0.294,P=0.042).Multiple linear regression analysis showed a mutual control effect of the expressions of IL-8,OTR and PGHS-2 in preterm but not in term labour group.Conclusion Our results show that there are significant differences of the expression of labour-associated genes in lower myometrum between preterm labour and term labour,which might becorrelated with the progression of preterm labour.