Objective To investigate the long-term effects of early exposure to general anesthesia and surgery on children's intelligence and sensory integration function.Methods One hundred children who received general anesthesia and non-neurosurgery and non-cardiac-chest surgery operation (anesthesia group),were divided into one time anesthesia and multiple anesthesia.Fifty healthy children who did not receive general anesthesia and operation were as control group.There was no significant difference between 2 groups in sex,age,educational background etc.The Wechsler intelligence scale for children-fourth edition (Chinese version) and the child sensory integration check list were used to evaluate the intelligence and sensory integration function of the 2 groups.Results In development of intelligence,there was no significant difference between 2 groups in full intelligence quotient,verbal comprehension index,perceptual reasoning index,working memory index,processing speed index,general ability index and cognitive productive index.In intelligence structure,the incidence of clinically meaningful difference between verbal comprehension index-working memory index was significantly higher in anesthesia group one time and multiple anesthesia than that in control group [12.0％(6/50) and 26.0％(13/50) vs.6.0％(3/50),P ＜0.05].There was no significant difference in the incidence of sensory integration dysfunction between 2 groups.However,in anesthesia group,the incidence of vestibule balance dysfunction in multiple anesthesia was significantly higher than that in one time anesthesia [44.0％ (22/50) vs.22.0％ (11/50),P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions In general,general anesthesia and surgery during the first three years of life has no significant long-term effects on children's intelligence and sensory integration function.However,the incidence of clinically meaningful difference between verbal comprehension index-working memory index increases in the anesthesia children.Children who received multiple anesthesia and surgery during the first three years of life have a higher incidence of vestibule balance dysfunction.

Pterygium is a common ocular surface disorder that has high rate of prevalence and recurrence. Currently, its pathogenesis is still unclear. Scholars agree that it's relevant to joint action of many factors. With the development of molecular biology, genetic and molecular studies concerning the pterygium achieved a breakthrough progress. Now the development of study in the pathogenesis of pterygium is reviewed in this paper.

With the wide application of digital technique in dental clinic,the virtual articulator has become an important tool of CAD/CAM systems for dental labs.The presented article introduces the classification,advantages and setting parameters of the virtual articulator.The authors also comment on the current commercial products of the virtual articulators in the domestic market.

Prof Yan(1920-)is one of the first batch of National Famous Traditional Chinese Doctors conferred by the national government.He is a well-known clinical physician and educator in TCM.He also is the representative inheritor of National Intangible Cultural Heritage Project conferred by Ministry of Culture.Prof YAN as one of a few prominent doctors is now still persisting in clinic.He did great contribution to development of TCM.The author,as his academic inheritor,followed his clinical practice for years and understood his academic thoughts from mouth-heart-teaching.Then the author summarized his clinical experience and strategy of prescription.The article may be a reference for inheritance of Prof Yan's academic thoughts.

Professor YAN Zheng-hua is a state-level renowned old doctor,intangible cultural heritage heir and educator ofTCM.He has made an outstanding contribution to the development ofTCM and Pharmacy.At present, Professor YAN Zheng-hua adheres to practicing in clinic although he is over 90 years old.He emphasizes"deficiency and excess"as the key link and‘qi,blood,cold,hot,deficiency,excess'as the global principle to treat stomachache.In clinical practice, Professor YAN Zheng-hua is expert in using famous TCM prescriptions such as Xiangsu San, Zuojin Wan,Yiguan Jian etc.flexiblly under the consideration ofsymptoms and syndrome.

Professor YAN Zheng-hua is a state-level renowned veteran TCM doctor,intangible cultural heritage and educator of TCM.He has made an outstanding contribution to the development of TCM and Pharmacy.At present,Professor YAN Zheng-hua adheres to practice in clinic although he is over 90 years old.He considers 'wind-cold,wind-hot,dampness and summer' as the main four categories of cold disease.In clinical practice,Professor YAN Zheng-hua likes using famous TCM prescription such as Jingfang Baidu San,Xiangsu San,Yinqiao San,Huoxiang Zhengqi San,etc.flexiblly under the comprehensive consideration of symptoms and signs.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of adverse reaction caused by Gegensu injection.Methods Medicine periodicals between 1978 and 2008 were searched,and 120 ADR cases were analysed by statistical method.Results Gegensu injection induces many types of adverse reactions including hemolysis (21.33 %),skin lesion (20.67 %),circulation system lesion (16 %),respiratory system lesion (12.67 %),digestive system lesion (11.33 %) and anaphylactic shock (6 %),etc.Conclusion We should use Gegensu injection more rationally and enhance our prevention consciousness to reduce the occurrence of Gegensu injection-induced ADR.

Objective To investigate the causations and rules of anaphylactic shock caused by Qingkailing Injection.Method The analysis was conducted on 66 cases of anaphylactic shock caused by Qingkailing Iinjection collected from medical journals in 1978～2005 by epidemiology and bibliometrics methods.Results There were a large number(40.91 %)of young sufferers from age 18 to 44 in the cases reported.The male cases was 29(44.62 %)and the female cases was 36(55.38 %)in the 65 cases with gender recordation.In primary disease,the upper respiratory tract infection rate was up to the highest 75.76 %.The dosage of Qingkailing Injection was in the range of 20～40 mL,the occurrence of anaphylactic shock was commonly within 30 mins after injection,and 68 %was within 10 min.The anaphylactic shock patients were cured after emergency treatment except 5 were died.Conclusion Qingkailing Injection can induce dangerous even fatal anaphylactic shock,its mechanism may be related to the constitution of the patient,ingredient of the drug self and diagnosis warp.Treatment based on syndrome differentiation combined with traditional Chinese medicine theory,dosage control,unnecessary compatibility decrease,prevention consciousness should be pay more attention in the clinical application.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of adverse reaction(ADR) caused by compound Salviae miltiorrhizae injection.Methods By searching domestic medical periodicals issued in the years of 1978～2006,115 cases of ADR detailed records of compound salviae miltiorrhizae injection were collected and database of ADR cases was established by ACCESS.On the basis of database,epidemiological characteristics of the cases were analyzed by statistic methods.Results The incidence of ADR was the highest(70.43 %)in the middle-aged and old sufferers,and was 50.43 %(58) in the male and 49.57 %(57) in the female.In the primary diseases,coronary artery disease shared the highest of incidence(32.00 %).The incidence of generalized lesion(37.40 %) and that of lesion of skin and its appendages(25.95 %)dominated in ADRs,and ADRs usually occurred within 30 min after first injection(64.37 %).Conclusion The establishment of ADR database is beneficial to the storage and analysis of ADR information.Compound Salviae miltiorrhizae injection can induce multi-systemic lesion,and its mechanism is complicated.Therefore,clinician should pay more attention to the prevention of ADR of compound Salviae miltiorrhizae injection.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of adverse reaction induced by Chinese medicine injection. Methods Domestic medicinal periodicals issued from the year 1972 to 2007 were searched,and 2 333 adverse reaction(ADR) cases were analyzed by database establishment and statistic method. Results 2 333 ADR cases involving 82 different kinds of Chinese medicine injection were collected and 422 cases were related to Shuanghuanglian Injection. Chinese medicine injection induced multiple systematic ADRs. The incidence of skin lesion(598,21.06 % )and that of anaphylactic shock(580,20.43 % )dominated in ADRs. The incidence of ADR was 54.05 % in the male and 45.95 % in the female. Average age of patients was(40.67? 21.45)years old. Fifty-one patients(2.19 % )died of severe ADRs. Conclusion Chinese medicine injection should be used with more rationality and enhance prevention awareness to reduce the occurrence of ADR.