Education, Dental ; Oral Medicine ; education ; manpower

Objective To observe the characterization of fat emboli in cardiac chamber in pig model and the patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty(THA) by transesophageal echocardiography(TEE). Methods Different dose of fatty liquid was injected slowly via the internal jugular vein. The changes of the image were observed by continuous TEE. The lethal dose of fat embolism was recorded. Twenty-two patients underwent TEE during THA. Gray scale and echo intensity of fat embolism in right atrium were studied quantitatively in varied periods of the operation. Results With the increase of fat liquid injected in pig model, the strong- echo particles in right atrium and ventricle became more and more, the imaging of the particles was from “moving star”, “shower-like” to “snow fluffy”, at last paradoxical fat embolism occurred when the dose of fat liquid was over 4 ml. The accumulated lethal dose of fat embolism was 15.8 ～ 27.8 ml.②Fat emboli appeared as strong- echo particles in right atrium were found in different period of THA. Average gray scale and echo intensity of emboli in right atrium were significantly higher in period B than in other periods during THA. Conclusions Fat emboli in cardiac chamber can be found sensitively by TEE. Intra-operative monitoring and quantitative analysis is helpful to identifying fat embolism syndrome.Paradoxical embolism is a reliable evidence of fat embolism syndrome.

Objective To pay attention to screening family disease and gene examination in patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Method In this study, we investigated clinical data and performed gene sequencing of the pedigree and his family members with CAH. Results Based on clinical data, 3 of 6 family members were diagnosed CAH. Bone age of two boys nearly reach the maximum value. Genetic sequencing result indicated a T>A mutation of 1 004 position in CYP21A2 gene, which induced protein change I172N. Conclusion Disease screening and gene examine should be actively executed in patient with CAH in order to obtain diagnosis and start treatment as early as possible.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the early clinical and radiographic outcome of scaphoid non-unions treated with Acutrak headless compression screw.

METHODSFrom January 2008 to July 2011,21 patients with scaphoid non-union were treated in our department. There were 18 males and 3 females with a mean age of (23.6 +/- 4.6) years; 12 cases were on right hand and 9 were on left. According to Herbert-Fisher classification, there were 10 cases with type D1, 7 cases with type D2, 3 cases with type D3, and 1 case with type D4. The mean time from injury to operation was (12.4 +/- 2.7) months. All patients were treated with Acutrak headless compression screw fixation (6 cases received 2 screws fixation, 15 cases received 1 screw fixation, and Matti-Russe bone grafting was applied in 7 cases). The carpal height, the scaphoid index and changes of the scapholunate angle were assessed before and after the operation. Range of motion and grip strength were recorded and the wrist function was assessed according to the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE).

RESULTSAverage duration of follow-up was (21.3 +/- 3.6) months. All the patients attained radiological union in a mean time of (13.3 +/- 2.4) weeks following the operation. No obvious complications were recorded. The surgical treatment allowed the preoperative mean scaphoid index of 0.61 +/- 0.13 and the preoperative mean scapholunate angle of (59.4 +/- 6.8) degree to be improved to 0.69 +/- 0.10 and (44.3 +/- 8.2)degree postoperatively, respectively. There was a substantial improvement in grip strength and pain amelioration after surgery. The preoperative mean PRWE score of 45.2 +/- 4.7 was improved to 76.1 +/- 5.2 postoperatively. All patients returned back to the original work,the average time from surgery to work was (6.0 +/- 1.1) months.

CONCLUSIONFor scaphoid non-unions, Acutrak headless compression screw fixation can provide anatomical reduction, provide satisfactory results with a high union rate, well return of function and minimal complications in the early stage.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fractures, Ununited ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Scaphoid Bone ; injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Wrist Injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Wrist Joint ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo compare the early clinical outcomes of primary total knee arthroplasty in the valgus knee between mobile-bearing prosthesis and fixed-bearing prosthesis.

METHODSFrom January 2011 to December 2013, 17 patients (23 knees) treated by the same surgeon were selected for a retrospective study in the First Hospital of Jilin University, including 2 males and 15 females with a mean age of 61.5 years old (48 to 75 years). The pre-operative diagnosis included osteoarthritis (14 patients, 19 knees) and rheumatoid arthritis (3 patients, 4 knees). The patients with valgus deformity were divided into group A and group B. The patients in group A were treated with the fixed-bearing prosthesis (9 patients, 12 knees), and the patients in group B were treated with the mobile-bearing prosthesis (8 patients, 11 knees). The Knee Society Score (KSS), Hosptial for Special Surgery (HSS), Western Ontario MacMaster (WOMAC), the range of motion (ROM) and femorotibial angle were collected at pre-operation and post-operation follow-up for statistical analysis.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 6 to 36 months (mean 25 months). The valgus deformity was corrected in all patients, and there were significant differences for all patients between pre-operation and post-operation at the latest follow-up with regard to the KSS knee score, function score, HSS score, WOMAC score, ROM and femorotibial angle (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in KSS knee score, function score, HSS score, WOMAC score, improvement in ROM and femorotibial angle between two groups at the latest follow-up. However there were significant differences in ROM (P<0.05) between fixed-bearing group (101.8±8.8)° and mobile-bearing group (108.4±7.2)° at the latest follow-up. No case with spin-out of mobile bearing was observed. There were no complications in any patient, such as infection, common peroneal nerve injury, dislocation and instability. The X-ary imaging showed no osteolysis or implant loosening.

CONCLUSIONThe early clinical outcomes of primary total knee arthroplasty by using mobile-bearing prosthesis and fixed-bearing prosthesis are satisfactory for the treatment of the valgus knee, and the short term clinical outcomes of mobile-bearing TKA and fixed-bearing TKA are similar.

Aged ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Deformities, Acquired ; surgery ; Knee Joint ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To evaluated the application value of two kinds of mass spectrometer(MS)and Vitek MS system in the i-dentification of routinely isolated bacteria in clinic.Methods 149 strains of common bacteria(including 14 genera and 30 species)i-solated from blood,urine,cerebral spinal fluid,secretion and sputum samples in our hospital from March 2012 to January 2013 were collected and simultaneously identified by 2 kinds of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometer (MALD-TOF-MS).The identification results were compared with those identified by the conventional biochemical identification (Vitek2 compact).The strains with the inconsistent results identified by 3 kinds of method were confirmed by 16S rDNA gene se-quencing.Results Among 149 common bacteria,the correct identification rates of genus and species by the Bruker Biotyper MS were 98% and 96% respectively and which by the Vitek MS system were 97% and 95% respectively.There were no misidentified bacterial strains by these two kinds of MS.Conclusion No statistical difference in the identification results was observed between these two kinds of MS system(P >0.05).Both exhibit excellent identification level and are suitable for the routine laboratory iden-tification of clinical microorganism.

AIM:To study the visual acuity and refractive status of students pupils and middle school students in Shenzhen, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of myopia.
METHODS:A cluster sampling method was used to select five primary school students(6 737) and three junior middle school students(1 925) from Shenzhen. The visual acuity, anterior segment, fundus, eye position, and refractive status were measured. Information on associated factors for poor vision were also obtained using a questionaire. The risk factors of poor vision and the rate of myopia between grade or gender were analysed by Chi-square test.
RESULTS:The rate of poor vision was 67. 0%. Female, family history of high myopia, long time of continuous look near, short time of outdoor activities were the main risk factors. The rate of emmetropia, hyperopia, astigmatism and myopia were 15. 1%, 11. 3%, 11. 0% and 62. 6% respectively. Emmetropia, hyperopia and astigmatism incidenece rate decreased with age growing, but myopia incidence rate was increased. There were significant differences between adjacent two grades in myopia(χ2=7. 338-45. 018, P<0. 05 ) except the primary grade six and the junior grade one. There were significant differences between boys ( 61. 0%) and girls ( 65. 5%) in myopia(χ2=17. 180, P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION:The rate of poor vison is pretty high in students of Shenzhen aged between 5 to 16 years old, and myopia is the main reason. The development rate of myopia is increased with age. Early management of myopia may play an important role in controlling poor vision in students.

OBJECTIVETo explore the causes and mechanisms of children elbow joint injury led to elbow varus.

METHODSOne hundred children with elbow varus causded by elbow joint injuries were retrospectively studied during January 2005 to April 2008 in department of child orthopedics involving 54 males and 46 females with an average age of 9.7 years old ranging from 7 to 16 years. The anterior-posterior and lateral position X-ray films of elbow joint continuous 12 to 18 months (means 15 months) of all the cases were collected. The postoperative X-ray films were observed to analyze the cause of elbow varus.

RESULTSThere were 81 cases caused by epiphyseal dysplasia, growth imbalance, included 47 cases of humeral supracondylar fractures, 16 cases of entire epiphysis separation of distal humerus, 11 cases of humeral lateral condyle fractures, 7 cases of humeral medial condyle fractures. There were 19 cases caused by ulna drift and rotation of the distal fracture end,the ulnaris cortibal bone crushing and collapse involving 11 of humeral supracondylar fractures, 2 of entire epiphysis separation of distal humerus, 5 of humeral lateral condyle fractures, 1 of humeral medial condyle fractures.

CONCLUSIONThere are two main factors of formation for the children elbow varus deformity: the main causes is epiphysial dysplasia after fracture and imbalance growth of epiphysis; the secondary reasons is ulnar inclination of the distal fracture, rotation of the distal fracture, fracture shift such as ulnar bone cortical extrusion collapse.

Adolescent ; Child ; Elbow Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Human xanthine oxidase is considered to be a target for therapy of hyperuricemia. Cichorium intybus is a Chinese plant medicine which widely used in Xinjiang against various diseases. In order to screen the inhibitors of xanthine oxidase from C. intybus and to explore main pharmacological actions of cichory a compound collection of C. intybus was built via consulting related references about chemical research on cichory. The three-dimensional crystal structure of xanthine oxidase (PDB code: 1N5X) from Protein Data Bank was downloaded.. Autodock 4.2 was employed to screen the inhibitors of xanthine oxidase from cichory 70 compounds were found to possess quite low binding free energy comparing with TEI (febuxostat). C. intybus contains constituents possessing potential inhibitive activity against xanthine oxidase. It can explain the main pharmacological actions of cichory which can significantly lower the level of serum uric acid.
Chicory ; chemistry ; Databases, Protein ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; chemistry ; Humans ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Molecular Structure ; Xanthine Oxidase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism

The AtTOM1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana had been shown to be essential for the efficient multiplication of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in A. thaliana. In this study, we cloned an AtTOM1-like gene from Nicotiana benthamiana named as NbTOM1. Sequence alignment showed that NbTOM1 is closely related to AtTOM1 homologues of N. tabacum and Lycopersicon esculentum with 97.2% and 92.6% nucleotide sequence identities, respectively. Silencing of NbTOM1 by a modified viral satellite DNA-based vector resulted in complete inhibition of the multiplication of TMV in N. benthamiana. The result suggests that inhibition of NbTOM1 via RNA silencing is a potentially useful method for generating TMV-resistant plants.
Arabidopsis Proteins ; genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Plant Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Plant ; RNA, Viral ; Sequence Homology ; Tobacco ; metabolism ; virology ; Tobacco Mosaic Virus ; physiology ; Virus Replication