Objective To observe the change of vascular endothelial cells and structure of the auricular posterior vein caused by freezing or pingyangmycin injection alone and freezing in combination with pingyangmycin injection,to investigate the effect of these treatments on the vein. Methods Eighteen rabbits were divided into 3 groups of 6 each, and another rabbit was used as a control. (Pingyangmycin) was injected into the auricular posterior vein in the first group, spray freezing within 20 seconds on the auricular posterior vein was performed in the second group,and freezing in combination with pingyangmycin injection was performed in the third group. Light microscope and transmission electron microscope were used to observe the change of auricular posterior vein in the rabbits.Results Proliferation of endothelial cells,and thickening of vessel wall were induced by pingyangmycin. Thrombus formation, tissue oedema and inflammatory infiltration induced by spray freezing within 20 seconds were reversible. Thrombus formation, proliferation of endothelial cells and thickening of the vessel wall was induced by freezing in combination with pingyangmycin injection.Conclusion Freezing and pingyangmycin injection have the synergistic effect, resulting in the proliferation of endothelial cells, thrombus formation, thickening of vessel wall, and even occlusion of vessels.

Objective To study the effects of Valsartan on oxidative stress in brain tissue of diabetic rats.Methods Diabetic Wistar rats were induced by streptozotocin(STZ) and were randomly divided into diabetic group and Valsartan treatment group.In Valsartan treatment group,the rarts received Valsartan 40 mg/(kg?d) for 12 weeks by intragastric administration.Then blood glucose and body weight were measured.The cognition ability of rats was assayed with Morris water maze test.The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),maleic dialdehyde(MDA) and hydroxy radical(OH-) were detected by chromatometry.Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of NADPH oxidase p47phox mRNA.Results(1) Compared with normal control group,the body weight in diabetic group and Valsartan treatment group decreased significantly(both P

Surface lubricity is one of the important performance criteria for interventional guide wire. In this paper, a review of the methods of surface hydrophilicity and lubrication modification of interventional guide wire is presented, including their fundamental principles, effects and some relative applications. These methods all have their own advantages and disadvantages, therefore, limitations of experimental conditions need to be taken into account.
Catheterization ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Lubrication

Prostate cancer is the most prevalent malignancies in elderly men. At present, gene therapy is the most po-tential treatment for late-stage prostate cancer. However, virus vector or nonvirus vector are less safety, weaker targeting function and higher immunogenic. Ultrasound microcapsular contrast agent as a drug transporter is a new type of disease tar-geted treatment strategies. It has provided a high-targeted, an effective and a safety gene therapy for prostate cancer, and brings a new hope for late-stage prostate cancer patients. This article aims to summarize the recent progress in using the mi-crobubble technology in prostate cancer.

0.05).Conclusion Neither rs2735343 nor rs701848 of the PTEN gene is not associated with gastric carcinoma,they may not be susceptibility loci for gastric carcinoma in Northern Han Chinese.

Imaging of trace metal distribution in the cadmium ( Cd) hyperaccumulator Indian mustard by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry ( LA-ICP-MS ) was typically performed using spatial resolutions of 25 μm. Indian Mustard was submitted to 50 mol/L Cd for 14 days exposure and analysed using Nd:YAG laser (213 nm) . Intensities of 13 C, 34 S, 39 K, 44 Ca, 66 Zn, 111 Cd, 65 Cu and 31 P were measured by ICP-MS to study elemental distribution. Preferential Cd accumulation in vascular bundles was observed in stem tissue, whereas Cd was mainly localized to the mesophyll and vascular cells. The high relationship between Ca and Cd distribution indicated that the two elements had a very similar pathway. In vivo analytical method developed in this work was useful to study spatial element distribution across stem samples and had great potential for applications in other areas of plant pathology research.

Studying the essence of syndromes (Zheng) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a fundamental challenge in basic theoretical research of TCM. The relationship between any given syndrome and biochemical indicators is one of the important aspects of the study. As the indexes selected in each study are specific to a particular Western medical disease diagnosis, and the disease factor is inevitably introduced into the study, the effect of disease factor on the index changes cannot be assessed effectively by traditional data processing methods. This is known as "the same syndrome with different reasons", which has resulted in confusion in TCM research. This study aimed at providing a mathematical tool to address this issue. Based on information theory and the residual-split method, the syndrome information, which was covered in the index variation, was quantitatively calculated in this paper as an independent part of the disease factor. A mathematical model capable of objectively assessing and statistically testing the effect of the syndrome factor on the index changes was established. Applying this model to literature data of studies on the relationship between cyclic nucleotides and yang-deficiency syndrome showed following results. First, the values of yang-deficiency syndrome information were negative for cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) while positive for cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in all included literature. This indicated that the group of yang-deficiency syndrome was correlated with an obvious trend of reduced cAMP levels and increased cGMP levels. Second, the statistical test results of yang-deficiency syndrome information of the two indexes were different among the literature included. The quality of original data was considered as a possible reason. Third, the significant differences between the yang-deficiency group of a specific disease and the normal group may, in some cases, be caused by a disease factor rather than a syndrome factor. The mathematical model provided a reasonable mathematical tool for the analysis of disease factor and syndrome factor in clinical research of TCM, suggesting that the mathematical model may give rise to innovative ideas and methods in the study of syndromes.

BackgroundThe study of the molecular mechanism of visual plasticity is helpful for the explaining and prevention of strabismus and amblyopia.The effect and significance of NogoA in the strabismus and amblyopia formation are attracting more attention.ObjectiveThe present study was to investigate the expression of NogoA in 21a area of visual cortex in strabismic-induced amblyopia cats and explore the possible molecular mechanism of strabismic-induced amblyopia.MethodsSixteen 4-week old clean cats were randomizedly divided into normal group and strabismic-induced amblyopia group and eight for each group.The strabismic-induced amblyopia models were created by cutting off the external rectus in 8 cats.Pattern visual evoked potentials ( P-VEP ) were recorded 1 week after operation and compared with normal cats,and depression of amplitude and prolongation of implied time of P100 wave were as the successful criterion of model.The 200 ml paraformaldehyde was infused via heart to fax the brain under the deep anesthesia and then the cats were sacrificed and the brain cortex sections were prepared.The morphology of 21a zone of cat visual cortex was examined by haematoxylin and eosin staining,and the expressions of NogoA in 21a area of visual cortex were detected by immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antiNogoA antibody.The use of the animals complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.ResultsThe implied time and amplitude ratio of VEP P100 wave were (98.10±7.07)ms and (0.83±0.14) in normal group,and those in strabismic-induced amblyopia group were (108.50±6.95 )ms and (0.35 ±0.09 ),showing significant differences between two groups (t=4.450,P=0.005 ; t =5.970,P =0.005 ).The numbers of neurons were similar in 21a area of visual cortex between the two groups,but the volume of the neurons was lessen in strabismic-induced amblyopia group.The positive cell densities for NogoA were ( 387.37±2.01 ) cells/mm2,( 354.58± 1.85 ) cells/mm2 and ( 289.68± 1.81 ) cells/mm2 in layer Ⅱ/Ⅲ,Ⅳ and V/V[ respectively in strabismic-induced amblyopia group,and those in normal group were ( 161.39± 1.98 ) cells/mm2,( 128.93 ± 1.26 ) cells/mm2 and ( 96.25 ± 1.49 ) cells/mm2,indicating a significant increase in model cats ( t =- 160.400,- 201.890,- 164.740,P =0.000 ).Conclusions NogoA may play an important role in the regulation of the sensitive developmental period of visual sense and its plasticity.

Objective To observe the changes of the height of intervertebral discs of the segments adjacent to the fusional and instrumental area after the operation and the relation between the changes of height of intervetebral discs in the adjacent segments and the angle of the pedicle screw.Methods Thirty-one patients who underwent internal fixation from September 2004 to March 2006 were retrospectively analyzed.The intervertebral discs height of adjacent segment was studied.The influence of"Suspensory fixation"on the changes of height of adjacent intervertebral discs was compared.The relation between the changes of the height of the upper adjacent intervertebral discs and the angle of pedicle screw was analyzed.Results The mean follow-up period for the patients was 13.5 months(10-16 months).In the operating-group,the height of the adjacent intervertebral disc decreased slightly,but the changes had no statistical significance(P＞0.05).Between the group fixed between L5 and S1 and group fixed between L4and L5,the changes of the height of the upper adjacent intervertebral discs had no obvious difference(P＞0.05).In the group fixed between L4 and L5,there had no obvious difference between the changes of the height of the upper adjacent intervertebral discs and the changes of the height of the lower one(P＞0.05).When the operating-group were divided into two groups according to the angle of pedicle screw (＜6°or＞6°),the changes of the height of the upper adjacent intervertebral discs had no obvious difference(P＞0.05).But there had positive and correlative relation between changes of the height of the adjacent intervertebral discs and the angle of pedicle screw(r=0.373,P=0.039).Conclusion "Suspensory fixation"has no different influence on the changes of height of adjacent intervertebral discs.There has no difference on the risk of degeneration between upper and lower segment adjacent to the fusional area.There has positive and correlative relation between the changes of height of the upper intervertebral discs adjacent to the fusional area and the angle of pedicle screw,that is,the bigger the angle is,the more clearly the height of adjacent intervertebral discs will change.

Accidents, Occupational ; Chronic Disease ; Hexanes ; poisoning ; Humans ; Shoes