Diabetic macular edema ( DME ) is a major cause of visual impairment in patients with diabetes mellitus, the central retinal thickness ( CRT ) is correlated with the visual impairment and the changes of visual function before and after treatment. Furthermore, CRT is related to the changes of macular microstructure. The subtle changes of retinal microstructure can be qualitative and quantitative analyzed by spectral- domain OCT ( SD -OCT) . In this study, the changes of retinal microstructure in patients with DME are reviewed, what is of great meaning to explore mechanism, observe disease progress, guide clinical treatment and prospect prognosis of DME.

Animals ; HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Motor Activity ; physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal ; metabolism ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Physical Exertion ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors

Internet-based tendering system makes equipment purchase convenient,rapid,effective,economical and fair. This system guarantees the legal benefits of the medical organizations and suppliers to the most. At the same time this article introduces some issues that should be noticed by medical organizations and suppliers when they participate the on-line bid.

The medical equipment on-line bid is a newborn method for bid,which unites the modern computer technology,communication technology and electronic commerce technology. When the on-line bid system is applied,except for the make of comprehensive and standard tender documents,the followings also claim attention: how to correctly open the webpage of video meeting inserter,how to suitably adjust video acoustics,and how to properly adjust video images.

To detect the expression of p16 protein and Ki-67 antigen in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma(MALTL)and normal gastric mucosa and to investigate the clinical significance of their expression in the occurrence and development of gastric MALTL.Methods 47 samples of gastric MALTL diagnosed pathologically in the department of pathology of the PLA General Hospital from March 1993 to June 2005 were collected.By using immunohistochemial methods,the expression of p16 protein and Ki-67 antigen was detected in 20 samples of normal gastric tissue and the 47 samples of gastric MALTL.Results The positive rate of p16 protein Was 21.3%(10/47)and 90.0% in gastric MALTL and normal gastric tissue respectively.The positive rate of p16 protein in gastric MALTL was lower than that in normal gastric tissue(P<0.05).The expression of p16 was related to the degree of lymph node metastasis.The positive rate of Ki-67 labelling index(LI)in gnstric MALTL was hiigher than that in normal gastric tissue.A negative correlation was found between the expression of p16 protein and Ki-67 LI(P<0.05). Conclusions Detection p16 and Ki-67 may help to predict the possibility of lymph node metastasis and prognosis in gastric MALTL.

Objective:To determine the law of dose variation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with helical tomotherapy by observing the difference between the actual and planned doses of targets and at-risk organs in these patients. Methods:Ten naso-pharyngeal carcinoma patients were treated with helical tomotherapy. Each single dose distribution and the corresponding computed tomography (CT) images were transmitted to the commercial software MIMvista 6.50, which was used to perform deformable image registration on the CT images. The sum of the actual dose was then obtained by accumulating the single doses. The image-guided actu-al dose was denoted as Plan 2, and the initial plan was called Plan 1. The dose-volume histogram of the dose distribution of targets and at-risk organs in Plans 1 and 2 were compared. Results:The D98 and D95 doses of the planning gross target volume (PGTV) in Plan 2 were significantly lower than those in Plan 1. Compared with Plan 1, the Dmean and D50 doses of double parotids in Plan 2 were higher by 42.23%and 63.82%(P<0.001, P=0.001) on average, respectively, for the left parotid, as well as by 38.64%and 66.76%(P=0.002, 0.004), respectively, for the right parotid. The D2 dose of spinal cord in Plan 2 was significantly higher than that in Plan 1. The doses were higher by 16.49%on average (P=0.026). Conclusion:To achieve precise and individually adaptive radiotherapy, correcting the error between anatomy and placement during tomotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients is necessary.

A lactoferrin-containing PEGylated liposome system (Lf-PLS) was developed and tested in vitro as a hepatoma-targeting drug delivery system. PEGylated liposomes (PLS) were successfully prepared using the thin film hydration method with peglipid post insertion. Lf was covalently conjugated onto the carboxyl terminal of DSPE-PEG2000-COOH on liposomes. Coumarin-6 was used to trace Lf-PLS with fluorescence. The cellular uptake of this system was carried out in asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) positive HepG2 cells via confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The Lf-PLS liposome was observed as spherical or oval vesicles with the particle size around 130 nm, zeta potential about -30 mV and encapsulation efficiency more than 80%. The confocal microscopy images and flow cytometry data demonstrated that Lf-PLS resulted in significantly higher cell association by ASGPR positive HepG2 cells compared to PLS. The association between Lf-PLS and cells were dependent on the concentration, time and temperature, which was inhibited by pre-incubation with excessive free Lf. The results suggest that Lf-PLS has a good targeting effect on HepG2 cells in vitro. The targeting mechanism may be related to the specific binding of Lf and ASGPR on HepG2 cells, which guides Lf-PLS to the cell surface to induce an active endocytosis process. All these results demonstrated that Lf-PLS might be a potential drug delivery system in targeting hepatocellular carcinoma, which deserves more research on its targeting ability, antitumor efficiency, and metabolism in vivo for treatment of hepatomacellular carcinoma.
Asialoglycoprotein Receptor ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; Coumarins ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Endocytosis ; Hep G2 Cells ; drug effects ; Humans ; Lactoferrin ; pharmacology ; Liposomes ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Particle Size ; Phosphatidylethanolamines ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Thiazoles

OBJECTIVETo analyze the neglected hidden blood loss before and after operations in the elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures and strengthen the treatment and clinical nursing in the perioperative period in order to ensure clinical effects.

METHODSThe clinical data of 99 patients with intertrochanteric fracture treated with intramedullary nailing from January 2010 to January 2014 were retrospectively analyzed (47 males and 52 females). Forty-seven cases got blood transfusion supporting and 52 cases were not (blood transfusion group and no-blood transfusion group respectively). According to the Gross equation, the average hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) were used to analyze blood loss in perioperative period and assess the patients' hidden blood loss situation.

RESULTSThere were 22 males and 30 females in blood transfusion group. The average operative time was (62.13±4.01) min; intraoperative visible blood loss and postoperative drainage were 215 ml, totally; preoperative Hb was (103.22±9.01) g/L and postoperative was (81.13±6.20) g/L; preoperative HCT was (96.93±3.38) I/L and postoperative was (308.00±11.81) I/L. There were 25 males and 22 females in no-blood transfusion group. The average operative time was (60.12±3.27) min; intraoperative visible blood loss and postoperative drainage were 196 ml, totally; the average blood transfusion were 621 ml; preoperative Hb was (92.15±5.46) g/L and preoperative was (95.20±8.93) g/L; preoperative HCT was (96.52±3.63) I/L and preoperative was (392.70±14.03) I/L. According to the Gross equation, the blood loss of no-blood transfusion group and blood transfusion group in peroperative period were (937.29±63.04) ml and (706.43±35.02) ml, respectively. The hidden blood loss was dominant. At 1, 3 months after operation, Harris score of blood transfusion group was better than that of no-blood transfusion group, and 12 months after operation, there was no significant difference between two groups.

CONCLUSIONThe hidden blood loss of intramedullary nailing for intertrochanteric fracture should be emphasized in perioperative period, it can avoid the perioperative complications caused by anemia and affect the prognosis of patients.

Aged ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Blood Transfusion ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; adverse effects ; methods ; Hip Fractures ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Operative Time ; Perioperative Period ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To establish tissue biobank of osteoarthritis in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital to promote orthopedic research study in China.Methods Fresh tissue or blood samples were collected from patients who underwent surgical operation for osteoarthritis since July 2007.Clinical information of the patientswasalsocollected.MicrosoftAccessdatabasesystemwasusedforthemanagementof information.Results From July 2007 to November 2011,a total of 2605 medical records and15188 tissue or blood samples were collected.Among them,165 tissue samples and 2005 blood samples were provided for molecular biology or epidemiological research.Conclusion Human tissue biobank is important for research work.Present osteoarthritis tissue collection and storage is feasible and could supply quality samples for study.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment effect and prognosis of children with nearly diploid neuroblastoma (NB).Methods:A retrospective analysis of the general clinical characteristics (including age, Gender, risk grouping, location of primary tumor, etc.), laboratory test results, treatment and recent prognosis of NB children with nearly diploidy in bone marrow chromosomes by G-banding technology who admitted to Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2015 to December 2018. Kaplan- Meier method was adopted to calculate survival rate.Univariate analysis was performed using Log- Rank test, and multivariate analysis was conducted with Cox regression model. Results:A total of 43 patients, including 27 males and 16 females, with diagnosis were included, with 14 cases in the hypodiploid group and 29 cases in the hyperdiploid group, and the median age was 35.5 months.The 43 children were all in the high-risk group of International Neuroblastoma Staging System(INSS)-Ⅳ.The primary tumors were mainly located in the retroperitoneal adrenal region (83.7%, 36/43 cases). The largest diameter of the tumors was more than 10 cm (53.5%, 23/43 cases), and often accompanied by 2 or more metastases at the time of consultation.In terms of chromosome karyotype and chromosome karyotype of 14 children in the hypodiploid group was 41-45, the most common karyotype was 45 chromosomes[9 cases(64.3%)]. Among 29 children in the hyperdiploid group of the 47 chromosome karyotypes, 11 cases were common (37.9%). Tumor markers were as follows: neuron enolase (NSE) increased in 41 cases children (95.3%) at first diagnosis, and 25 cases (58.1%)> 370 μg/L; 42 cases (97.7%)had lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The LDH of children in the hypodiploid group was all> 500 U/L, with 1 case was> 10 000 U/L.Nine cases (20.9%) of MYCN gene were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Treatment and prognosis: the total course of chemotherapy for 43 patients was 1-12, 19(44.2%) patients received autologous stem cell transplantation, 21 patients (46.5%) received postoperative or autologous radiotherapy or metaiodobenzylguanidine treatment, 28 children developed or relapsed with a median duration of 13.8 months, and 15 cases (34.9%) died.The median follow-up time of the 14 children in the hypodiploid group was 14.9 months (2-38 months), 12 cases progressed or relapsed, and 7 died.The median follow-up of 29 children in the hyperdiploid group was 20.0 months (8.1-51.6 months), with 16 patients progressed or relapsed and 8 cases died. Kaplan- Meier survival analysis illustrated that the 3-year projected event free survival (EFS) rate of 43 children was 18.4%, of which 17.1% were in the hypodiploid group and 29.8% in the hyperdiploid group. Conclusions:Preliminary analysis reveals that children with nearly diploid NB are mostly in the stage Ⅳ high-risk group over the age of 18 months, and 2 or more metastases at the time of consultation.The 3-year estimated EFS of 43 children was 18.4%, and the prognosis was worse in the hypodiploid group.