Astemizole is nitrasoted with sodium nitrite in 0.12 mo l/L HAc solution at boiling bath for 25 min. The nitrosation product of astemizo le shows a reduction peak by single-sweep oscillopolarography. The peak potenti al is -0.72V (vs.Ag/AgCl). The first-order derivative peak current is propo rtional to the concentration of astemizole in the range of 4.0×10-7～1.6 ×10-5 mol/L (r=0.9997), with detection limit of 2.0×10-7 mol/L . The proposed method has been applied to the determination of astemizole in pha rmaceutical tablets.

e genotypes.

Objective To evaluate the curative effect of sedation on broncholiths through bronchoscope with holmi-um laser. Methods From Jan.2008 to Dec. 2015, 12 cases with broncholiths through bronchoscope with holmium laser, male 7, female 5; the age from 35 to 64.12 cases visit a doctor when they cough, panting, haemoptysis and cough out stones. The predilection sites of bronchinal calculus: left main bronchus in 6, right middle bronchus in 4, main bronchus in 2. Thoracic computerized tomography was performed in 12 patients, which showed bronchial intra-luminal high-density shadow with distal bronchial stenosis, bronchiectasis, COPD, hilar calcifications, or mediastinal lymph node calcifications. Through bronchoscopy examination was performed in 12 cases, Broncholiths were found in 9 patients and granulomatous lesion wrapping hard lesions in 3 patients.12 cases were treated by using Dexmedeto-midine combined with Sufentanil for sedation through of bronchoscope with holmiun laser. Results All the operations were successful, the operation time 45~90 min, average 60 min . During the surgery, the patient have stable heart rate, oxygen saturation without falling, blood pressure is stable, stable hemodynamics, the patients did not complain of discomfort, without obvious heart and lung failure and other complications occurred, the operation without bleed-ing, pneumothorax, complications. All cases of postoperative respiratory system were improved after operation. The average time stay in hospital was (2.5 ± 1.4) days. Follow-up for 1~24 months (mean, 6 months) in 12 cases found no recurrence of stones and serious respiratory tract infection. Conclusions The method of Dexmedetomidine com-bined with Sufentanil for sedation on broncholiths through of bronchoscope with holmiun laser is safey, feasible and therapeutic effects were clearly, which provides a new method for the clinical on Broncholiths.

AIM: To study the changes of brain - derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) expression in gene modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ( BMSC) .
●METHODS:BMSC were divided into blank control group ( without transfected BMSC ) , negative control group ( empty vector without BDNF gene transfected BMSC) and experimental group ( BDNF gene transfected BMSC) . The expression of BDNF mRNA in BMSC was measured by Realtime PCR, and the expression of BDNF in BMSC was measured by ELlSA.
●RESULTS:The BDNF mRNA expressions of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8-generation BMSC cells in the experimental group were higher than those in the blank control group and negative control group. The differences were statistically significant (P3: F=491. 788, P<0. 05; P4: F=380. 112, P<0. 05;P5:F=1854. 929, P<0. 05; P6: F=224. 540, P<0. 05;P7:F=619. 155, P<0. 05; P8: F=10. 092, P<0. 05). As the BMSC cells in the experimental group passaging, the BDNF mRNA expressions in the experimental group decreased. The difference of BDNF mRNA expression among different passage cells was statistically significant (F=298. 603, P<0. 05). The BDNF secretion of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8-generation BMSC cells in the experimental group were higher than those in the blank control group and negative control group. The differences were statistically significant (P3: F=520. 609, P<0. 05; P4: F=734. 520, P<0. 05;P5:F=152. 847, P<0. 05;P6:F=80. 372, P<0. 05; P7:F=96. 083, P<0. 05;P8:F=38. 532, P<0. 05). As the BMSC cells in the experimental group passaging, the BDNF secretion decreased. The difference of BDNF secretion among different passage cells was statistically significant (F=230. 084, P<0. 05).
●CONCLUSION:Long-term expression of BDNF in BMSC can be enhanced by genetic engineering.

Objective To study the efficacy of medication management, symptom management and community reentry skills-training modules to prevent rural patients with schizophrenia from relapse and increase their social function.Methods 89 subjects were randomly assigned to the skills training group (45 cases) and the control group (44 cases). Both groups received the same treatments, but the skills training courses were given to the skills training group for twelve weeks when the subjects were addmitted into the trial and at their one-year follow-up timepoint respectively. And a two-year follow-up was carried out. All subjects were evaluated with PANSS, SDSS, relapse and employeement.Results 89 subjects had completed the study. The skills training group demonstrated clinical Results significantly superior to those of the control group on overall improvement according to PANSS and SDSS. Substantially, statistically significant advantages of the skills training group were related to 1) the rate of relapse (11.1% vs 31.8%), 2) the rate of employment (37.8% vs 15.9%).Conclusion Medication management, symptom management and community-re-entry skills-training modules are effective in reducing patients' psychiatric symptoms, preventing them from relapse and increasing their social function.

Objective To assess the analytical performance of three sensitive cardiac troponin Ⅰ assays and compare the clinical application to provide help in choosing the detection method for clinical laboratory. Methods A total of 474 serum samples were collected from apparently healthy subjects and a total of 112 serum samples were collected from patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of acute myocardial infarction. The functional sensitivities of three assays from Abbott, Beckman-Coulter and Ortho were determined ( CV = 10% ). The reference ranges have been established. The analytic performance was compared according to the assessment mode described by Apple. The relationship was compared among the different assays. The preliminary clinical application value for different detection methods has been evaluated and validated with self-established reference ranges. Results The functional sensitivities ( CV = 10% ) of the cTnI assays for Abbott, Beckman-Coulter and Ortho were 0. 030, 0. 04 and 0. 013 μg/L, respectively.The 99th percentiles of cTnI in healthy volunteers were 0. 021, 0. 02 and 0. 026 μg/L respectively. The analytical data of ROC curve showed that the area under curve (AUC) of the cTnI assays for Abbott,Beckman-Coulter and Ortho for diagnosis of AMI was 0. 852,0. 909 and 0. 910,respectively. There was no statistical difference between any two methods(Z1 = 1.18 ,Z2 = 1.21 ,Z3 =0. 026,all P ＞0. 05). There were good consistency between the 99th percentile obtained from our laboratory and suggested by manufacturers (Kappa value were 1. 000, 0. 730 and 0. 893 respectively, all P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusions The analytical performance of two cTnl assays is "clinical accepted" ,the other one is accepted according to guideline. All of them could detect cTnI in apparently healthy subjects. There exist differences among three assays, but their diagnostic characteristics for AMI are not significantly different.

Child ; Cystic Fibrosis ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Radiography ; Sweating

Several new drug targets of anti-atherosclerosis, emerging in the recent years, such as PPAR agonists, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors, infusion of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), liver X receptor (LXR) activators and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) inhibitors etc were reviewed.
Apolipoprotein A-I ; therapeutic use ; Atherosclerosis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Benzoates ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Benzylamines ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; agonists ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver X Receptors ; Molecular Structure ; Orphan Nuclear Receptors ; Oxazines ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors ; agonists ; metabolism ; Phenylpropionates ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Quinolines ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ; agonists ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Chinese herbal extract HuNan A-1 (HNA-1) on the thymic output function in Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) chronically infected rhesus macaques.

METHODSEight Chinese rhesus macaques had been infected by SIVmac239 for 16 to 21 months, and then they were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group, 4 in each group. Monkeys in the treatment group were administered with HNA-1 by gastrogavage, once daily for 2 successive months, while those in the control group were administered with equal volume of normal saline by gastrogavage, once daily for 2 successive months. The general condition and body weight of monkeys were observed. Plasma viral loads were detected using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assay. CD4 percentages and counts, as well as naive CD subsets were detected using flow cytometry. T-cell receptor excision circles (TREC) were detected using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assay. The thymus tissue was pathologically observed using routine HE staining. The correlation between lesions of the thymus tissue, CD4 counts, naive CD counts, and TREC were analyzed.

RESULTSThere was no statistical difference in body weight, viral loads, absolute CD ratios between the two groups after treatment (P > 0.05). The altered TREC multiple showed an obvious decreasing tendency in the control group, while it showed an increasing tendency in the treatment group (P < 0.05). In both groups, destroyed structures of the thymus tissue could be seen, filled with pink unstructured material. Increased connective tissues, lowered connective cell density, and confused arrangement could also be seen in the two groups, with no obvious difference. TREC contents were positively correlated with naive CD4 counts after removing extremum (r = 0.926, P = 0.001). Naive CD4 counts were positively correlated with CD4 counts (r = 0.961, P = 0.005).

CONCLUSIONSTREC content determination, as a marker of newly thymic emigrants, could be taken as a testing method for evaluating the thymic output function. Besides, HNA-1 treatment increased the thymic output significantly in SIV chronically infected monkeys. Correlation existed among TREC contents, naive CD4 counts, and pathologies of thymus tissues, especially in late infection stage.

Animals ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Flow Cytometry ; Macaca mulatta ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ; Thymus Gland ; drug effects ; Viral Load

Objective To determine the value of CT and MRI in the evaluation of littoral cell angioma(LCA) of spleen.Methods Two experienced radiologists retrospectively analyzed the clinical data,CT and MRI findings of 12 patients with pathology proven LCA of spleen.The patients underwent noncontrast enhanced CT scan,then enhanced CT (n =10) and MRI (n =3) were performed.Results The majority of patients (8/12) showed splenomegaly,with no obvious signs and symptoms of hypersplenism.The majority of patients (10/12) had the uncountable hypodense lesions,a few (2/12) had only a single lesion.None of the lesions contained any calcification or envelopement.On CT,the majority (7/10) of the lesions demonstrated well circumscribed border,with some lesions (3/10) demonstrating a less distinct border.The enhanced scan for low-density nodules demonstrated slow progressive enhancement.On MRI,all the LAC had well circumscribed borders,and demonstrated T1-hypointense and T2-hyperintense signalswith punctual hypointense in the T2 WI,and progressive enhancement on the post contrast images.DWI showed an increased diffusion of the lesions compared to the normal appearing splenic tissue.Conclusion CT and MR imaging of littoral cell angioma of spleen has certain imaging characteristics,those particular findings may potentially aid in the diagnosis.