No abstract available.
Amniotic Fluid* ; beta-Endorphin* ; Female

No abstract available.
beta-Endorphin* ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass* ; Thiopental*

No abstract available.
beta-Endorphin* ; Exercise* ; Pain Threshold* ; Plasma*

OBJECTIVES: The present study was performed to evaluate the change in releasing action of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis after alcohol abstinence in patients with alcohol dependence, and to identify the etiologic mechanism of alcohol dependence indirectly. METHODS: Plasma beta-endorphin, cortisol and ACTH level was measured in 14 alcohol dependent patients and in 14 healthy persons after 7 days and 28 days of alcohol abstinence at 08: 00h and 12: 00h, twice a day. RESULTS: 1) There was no significant difference in plasma beta-endorphin, cortisol and ACTH level measured at 08: 00h and 12: 00h between patients and control group after 7days of alcohol withdrawal. 2) Plasma beta-endorphin level measured at 08: 00h in patients was significantly elevated comparing with control group after 28days of alcohol withdrawal. But, there was no significant difference in plasma beta-endorphin level measured at 12: 00h and in plasma cortisol and ACTH level measured at both 08: 00h and 12: 00h between two groups after 28days of alcohol withdrawal. 3) In the patient group, there was no significant difference between patients after 7days and 28 days of alcohol withdrawal in plasma beta-endorphin, cortisol and ACTH level measured at 08: 00h and ACTH level measured at 12: 00h. But, beta-endorphin and cortisol level measured at 12: 00h were significantly lowered in patients after 28days of alcohol withdrawal than after 7days of withdrawal. 4) In decreasing rate of beta-endorphin production from 08: 00h to 12: 00h, there was significant difference between patients and controlled group after 28days of alcohol withdrawal. CONCLUSION: In alcohol dependent patients, lower level of beta-endorphin and increased reducing rate in diurnal variation of beta-endorphin after alcohol withdrawal are evident, which in turn may elevate craving for alcohol intake, and there findings support the opioid compensation theory in the development of alcohol dependence.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone* ; Alcohol Abstinence ; Alcoholism ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; beta-Endorphin* ; Compensation and Redress ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone* ; Plasma*

We built the hypothesis that the hypertrophic callus formation is mediated by beta-endorphin that stimulates secretion of GH and increase circulation growth factor activity in head injury patient. We classified 4 groups such as 5 normal person(control), group I;5 patients with only fracture, group II;5 patients with fracture and head injury, group III; 5 patients with only head injury, group IV. We obtained the samples of serum from each group at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks after trauma and assessed the serum level of GH, GHRH, somatostatin. The serum level of GH was statisticallyu higher in group III, IV than group I, II. There was not significant difference in serum level of GHRH. The serum level of somatostatin was higher in group II, III, IV than group I, but there was no statistical significance in each group. GH has a important role in hypertrophic callus formation in severe head injury patients, but there was no evidence that the mechanism is mediated by beta-EndorphinGHRH & somatostatin-GH-GF-1, beta-FGF axis. There may be a another mechanism in increasing GH that was stimulated by beta-endorphin in thalamus and lateral ventricle, and it should be necessary for further evaluation of it.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; beta-Endorphin ; Bony Callus ; Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Head* ; Humans ; Lateral Ventricles ; Somatostatin ; Thalamus

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the effect of strenuous exercise on β-endorphine (β-END) level in fibromyalgia (FM) patients compared to healthy subjects. METHODS: We enrolled 30 FM patients and 15 healthy individuals. All study participants underwent a treadmill exercise test using modified Bruce protocol (M.Bruce). The goal of the test was achieving at least 70% of the predicted maximal heart rate (HRMax). The serum levels of β-END were measured before and after the exercise program. Measurements were done while heart rate was at least 70% of its predicted maximum. RESULTS: The mean ± the standard deviation (SD) of exercise duration in the FM and control groups were 24.26 ± 5.29 and 29.06 ± 3.26 minutes, respectively, indicating a shorter time to achieve the goal heart rate in FM patients (P < 0.003). Most FM patients attained 70% HRMax at lower stages (stage 2 and 3) of M.Bruce compared to the control group (70% versus 6.6%, respectively; P < 0.0001). Compared to healthy subjects, FM patients had lower serum β-END levels both in baseline and post-exercise status (Mean ± SD: 122.07 ± 28.56 µg/ml and 246.55 ± 29.57 µg/ml in the control group versus 90.12 ± 20.91 µg/ml and 179.80 ± 28.57 µg/ml in FM patients, respectively; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We found that FM patients had lower levels of β-END in both basal and post-exercise status. Exercise increased serum the β-END level in both groups but the average increase in β-END in FM patients was significantly lower than in the control group.
beta-Endorphin* ; Exercise Test ; Fibromyalgia* ; Healthy Volunteers ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Plasma*

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the effect of strenuous exercise on β-endorphine (β-END) level in fibromyalgia (FM) patients compared to healthy subjects. METHODS: We enrolled 30 FM patients and 15 healthy individuals. All study participants underwent a treadmill exercise test using modified Bruce protocol (M.Bruce). The goal of the test was achieving at least 70% of the predicted maximal heart rate (HRMax). The serum levels of β-END were measured before and after the exercise program. Measurements were done while heart rate was at least 70% of its predicted maximum. RESULTS: The mean ± the standard deviation (SD) of exercise duration in the FM and control groups were 24.26 ± 5.29 and 29.06 ± 3.26 minutes, respectively, indicating a shorter time to achieve the goal heart rate in FM patients (P < 0.003). Most FM patients attained 70% HRMax at lower stages (stage 2 and 3) of M.Bruce compared to the control group (70% versus 6.6%, respectively; P < 0.0001). Compared to healthy subjects, FM patients had lower serum β-END levels both in baseline and post-exercise status (Mean ± SD: 122.07 ± 28.56 µg/ml and 246.55 ± 29.57 µg/ml in the control group versus 90.12 ± 20.91 µg/ml and 179.80 ± 28.57 µg/ml in FM patients, respectively; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We found that FM patients had lower levels of β-END in both basal and post-exercise status. Exercise increased serum the β-END level in both groups but the average increase in β-END in FM patients was significantly lower than in the control group.
beta-Endorphin* ; Exercise Test ; Fibromyalgia* ; Healthy Volunteers ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Plasma*

Lameness is one of the most painful conditions that affects dairy cattle. This study was conducted to evaluate clinical signs and plasma concentration of several pain and stress biomarkers after oligofructose-induced lameness in dairy heifers. Lameness was induced using an oligofructose overload model in 12 non-pregnant heifers. Clinical parameters and blood samples were obtained at 48 and 24 h and at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after induction of lameness. Clinical parameters included heart rate, respiratory rate, ruminal frequency and lameness score. Plasma biomarkers included cortisol, haptoglobin, norepinephrine, beta-endorphin and substance P. Differences were observed in all parameters between control and treated heifers. The plasma concentration of biomarkers increased significantly in treated animals starting 6 h after induction of lameness, reaching maximum levels at 24 h for cortisol, 48 h for haptoglobin, 6 h for norepinephrine, 12 h for substance P and at 24 h for beta-endorphin. Overall, our results confirm that lameness associated pain induced using the oligofructose model induced changes in clinical parameters and plasma biomarkers of pain and stress in dairy heifers.
Animals ; beta-Endorphin ; Biological Markers ; Cattle ; Haptoglobins ; Heart Rate ; Hydrocortisone ; Norepinephrine ; Plasma ; Respiratory Rate ; Substance P

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect on supplementary analgesia after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) treated with electroacupunture, and explore it's mechanism. METHODS: A total of 40 patients with severe knee osteoarthritis were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 20 cases in each one. During the operation, patients were given epidural anesthesia in the two groups, conventional patient controlled epidural analgesia and oral celecoxib were applied after the operation. In the observation group, electroacupunture was used at Liangqiu (ST 34), Xuehai (SP 10), Yinlingquan (SP 9), Zusanli (ST 36), Fenglong (ST 40) and Qiuxu (GB 40) on the operation side from the 1st to 7th day after the operation to support analgesia, 30 min for each time, once a day. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to record postoperative pain of resting state and active state. The levels of serum prostaglandin E and β-endorphin were measured on the 1st and 7th day after surgery in the two groups. RESULTS: In the observation group, the VAS scores of resting state and active state were superior to the control group on the 3rd, 5th and 7th day after the operaton (all <0.05); after the treatment, the level of serum β-endorphin was increased and the level of serum prostaglandin E was reduced in the two groups (all <0.05), and the change of the observation group was larger than that of the control group (both <0.05). CONCLUSION Electroacupunture has the effect of supplementary analgesia for patients after TKA, the mechanism may be related to promote the synthesis of β-endorphin and inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandin E.
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Humans ; Pain Management ; Pain, Postoperative ; Prostaglandins ; beta-Endorphin

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relation of onset-age and plasma level of beta-endorphin, Ethanol, beta-endorphin, cortisol and blood glucose were compared in 48 male alcoholics and 29 normal controls. METHODS: Alcoholics are divided into two groups by onset-age of alcoholism. Blood samples were obtained before and after 0.75gm/kg of ethanol consumption at the 7th admission day. RESULTS: 1) The ratio of onset-age before 25 years to after 25 years of the patients group was 2 to 3. 2) There was no significant difference in age at admission between two patient groups. 3) There was no significant difference in change of plasma ethanol levels among three groups. 4) There was no significant difference in change of plasma beta-endorphin levels among three groups. 5) There was no significant difference in change of plasma cortisol levels among three groups. 6) There was no significant difference in change of fasting blood sugar levels among two patient groups.
Alcoholics ; Alcoholism* ; beta-Endorphin* ; Blood Glucose ; Ethanol ; Fasting ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Male ; Plasma