Objective To analyze the adverse reactions of hysterosalpingography and prevention measures. Methods Totally 6 352 patients who underwent hysterosalpingography in our hospital between January 2006 and December 2013 were analyzed. Results Totally 836 cases had adverse reactions of different degrees including 312 cases of drug reactions and 626 cases of non?drug reactions. The adverse drug reactions were mainly hy?pogastralgia,laryngopharyngeal malaise,irritating cough,nausea,vomiting,shortness of breath,flush of the face,and pruritus. The non?drug reac?tions were mainly hypogastralgia,nausea,vomiting,pallor,speeding up of heart?beat,decreased blood pressure,dizziness,and blur version. Con?clusion Among patients who were negative for iodine anaphylactic test,there were still some who had adverse reactions of different degrees during HSG. Targeting at different conditions of reactions,corresponding prevention measures should be adopted to ensure the smooth progress of hysterosal?pingography.

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of astrocytes modulating neurons in rat supraoptic nucleus induced by hypotonic stimulation and the effect of 6-aminomethyl-3-methyl-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1dioxide HCl(TAG,a antagonist for taurine) or carbenoxolone(CBX,a gap junction blocker)on the responses of astrocytes and neurons in SON.Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: the control group was injected with 5.5ml/kg 0.9% NaCl solution into the caudal vein;the hypotonic group was injected with 5.5 ml/kg hypo-saline(0.83% glucose plus 0.3% NaCl);TAG + hypotonic and CBX + hypotonic groups were injected with TAG(100?mol/L) or CBX(10g/L) into the lateral ventricle respectively,and were injected 2 hours later with hypotonic saline into the caudal vein.With anti-Fos,anti-vasopressin(VP),anti-glycine receptor(GlyR),anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) and anti-connexin43(Cx43) immunofluorescent staining methods,the responses of neurons and astrocytes in SON were studied.Results In control rats,Fos-,VP-,and GlyR-expression in the neurons and GFAP-or Cx43-expression in the astrocytes were lower.In hypotonic rats,GFAP-,Cx43-and GlyR signals were more than those in control rats,while Fos-and VP-signals were less.Compared with those in hypotonic rats in TAG + hypotonic or CBX + hypotonic rats,GFAP-and Cx43-signals in the astrocytes were the same,GlyR-signals in the neurons decreased,and Fos-and VP-signals increased.Conclusion Hypotonic stimulation activates SON astrocytes,which then release taurine through gap junction signaling to the neurons and inhibit the release of VP from the neurons.

OBJECTIVETo establish a method of quantitative analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) mRNA in laryngeal carcinoma by reverse transcription-real time polymerase chain reaction with TagMan probe and evaluate its applicable value.

METHODSThe technique of reverse transcription-real time polymerase chain reaction with highly specific primers and probe was applied. And with GAPDH as internal standard, EGFR mRNA in 32 laryngeal carcinoma tissues, compared with their own macroscopically normal laryngeal mucosa tissues adjacent to the tumors, were quantitatively examined. The recombinant plasmid of EGFR was constructed, and then sequenced.

RESULTSThe recombinant plasmid of EGFR was successfully constructed. And the mRNA index of EGFR in 32 laryngeal carcinoma tissues in terms of M (QR) was 0.025 (0.076), which was higher than 0.008 (0.027) in their own macroscopically normal laryngeal mucosa tissues adjacent to the tumors, P value is 0. 007.

CONCLUSIONSThe method of reverse transcription-real time polymerase chain reaction with TagMan probe is quite objective, precise and high throughput in the application for the mensuration of EGFR mRNA in laryngeal carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; genetics ; metabolism

Objecfive To construct the recombinant plasmid and standard curve for detection of epidermal growth factor receptor variant Ⅲ (EGFRv Ⅲ) by real-time quantitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and establish the RT-PCR assay for accurate detection of EGFRv Ⅲ.Methods To amplify the DNA sequences of exon 1 and exon 8 to exon 9 of EGFR seperately and fuse the above sequences by overhang extension PCR.Then constructing the recombinant plasmid of EGFRv Ⅲ by highly specific primers with the fused sequence as its template.The recombinant plasmid of EGFRv Ⅲ was then sent for sequence analysis.The gradient diluted recombinant plasmid were used as the template to amplify the EGFRv Ⅲ by RT-PCR with TaqMan probe and then applied it in 32 laryngeal carcinoma tissues.Results The recombinant plasmid of EGFRv Ⅲ was successfully constructed.The gradient diluted recombinant plasmid could be used in RT-PCR for quantitative analysis of EGFRv Ⅲ.In all,5 tumor samples expressing EGFRv Ⅲ were detected,with its positive rate of about 15.6%.The expression of EGFRv Ⅲ was tumor specific with only one exception for extraordinarily low expression of EGFRv Ⅲ in macroscopically normal laryngeal mucosas adiacent to the tumor.Conclusions RT-PCR with TaqMan probe was good at sensitivity,specificity,quantification and linear function.It can be a standard method for quantitative detection for EGFRv Ⅲ.Expression of EGFRv Ⅲ was detected in laryngeal carconoma tissues with relatively low level.Whether EGFRv Ⅲ was a suitable target for biological therapy in laryngeal carcinomas remained to be discussed.

Objective To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of cefbupera-zone in Chinese healthy volunteers.Methods The study was designed as an open, randomized, self-control study.12 subjects were received 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 g of cefbuperazone, respectively. Cefbuperazone was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. WinNonlin 5.2.1 software was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. Results Linear range of cefbuperazone was 2 -250 μg? mL-1 .The main pharmacokinetic parameters of three doses(1.0, 2.0, 3.0 g) of cefbu-perazone were as follows: Cmax were (81.74 ±15.95),(145.47 ±42.22), (198.16 ±36.03)μg? mL-1, tmax were (1.01 ±0.03),(1.02 ±0.04), (1.01 ±0.03), t1/2 were (1.80 ±0.30),(1.88 ±0.31),(1.74 ±0.27), AUC0-t were (136.37 ±43.31), (263.74 ±93.95), (335.76 ±68.47)μg? mL-1? h, respectively. Urinary recovery rate with 16 h was ( 45.24 ±17.50 )%, ( 48.27 ± 15.18 )%, ( 40.82 ± 14.24 )%. Conclusion The characteristic of cefbuperazone is linear.

This paper introduces the significance, the present development situation and some suggestions of the medical measurements.
Diagnostic Equipment ; standards ; Equipment and Supplies ; standards ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; instrumentation ; standards ; Medical Staff ; education ; Research Design ; standards ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; standards

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether hypertonic saline (HS) can induce the synthesis and release of glutamate in cultured hypothalamic astrocytes or C6 cell line.

METHODSAstrocytes were isolated, cultured, purified and identified from the hypothalamus of newborn rat (1 day). The astrocytes were randomly divided into five groups: isotonic (IS) and HS groups, astrocytes were incubated by IS and HS (320 mosM NaCl) medium, respectively, for 1, 3, 5, 10 or 15 min; carbenoxolone (CBX)+IS and CBX+HS groups, astrocytes were pre-treated with CBX (100 mmol/L) for 1 h at 37 degrees C in a 5% CO(2) / 95% atmosphere, then removed to IS and HS medium, respectively, for 1, 3, 5, 10 or 15 min; Ca(2+)+HS group, astrocytes were pre-incubated with Ca Ca(2+) (1,000 micromol/L) for 1 h at 37 degrees C in a 5% CO(2) / 95% atmosphere, followed by a wash with isotonic FBS/DMEM, and then removed to hypertonic saline for 1, 3, 5, 10 or 15 min. The media of five groups were collected to analyze the medium glutamate concentration with high performance liquid chromatography. The astrocytes were fixed and double immunofluorescent stained with anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and anti-glutamate. The C6 cells were divided into four groups: IS, HS, CBX+IS and CBX+HS groups, and used for quantitative measurement of glutamate in cells by flow cytometry (FCM).

RESULTS(1) Anti-GFAP immunofluorescent signal revealed no significant difference among various time points in each group, or among the five groups. (2) The anti-glutamate immunofluorescent signal was increased in HS group and peaked at 5 min, and decreased and returned to the level of IS group at 15 min (P < 0.01 vs the 5 min of HS group). In CBX+HS group, the glutamate intensity was higher than that in CBX+IS and HS groups. (3) The medium glutamate concentration had no change after treatment with HS for 1 and 3 min, while increased markedly after treatment for 5 min to 15 min (P< 0.01 vs 1 min and 3 min). On the contrary, the medium glutamate concentrations in the CBX+HS or Ca(2+)+HS group were significant lower than that in the HS group (P < 0.01). (4) FCM showed HS and CBX+HS induced glutamate increase in C6 cells.

CONCLUSIONHS induced cultured rat hypothalamic astrocytes or C6 cells to synthesize and release glutamate; CBX could block glutamate release, but could not disrupt glutamate synthesis.

Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Astrocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Calcium ; pharmacology ; Carbenoxolone ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; metabolism ; Glutamic Acid ; metabolism ; Hypothalamus ; cytology ; Rats ; Saline Solution, Hypertonic ; pharmacology ; Time Factors

Objective: To analyze serum HBV-RNA levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B whose serum HBV-DNA has dropped to undetected levels after treatment with entecavir, and to explore the correlation between HBV-RNA level and liver biochemical parameters, which lay the research foundation for the clinical significance of new serological marker HBV-RNA. Methods: HBeAg negatively detected 107 cases with chronic hepatitis B whose serum HBV-DNA test results were lower than detection level for six consecutive months after receiving standard nucleoside therapy for more than 12 months were included. HBV-RNA level was detected by Perkin-Elmer reagent. HBV-DNA level was detected by Roche Cobas. Hitachi automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect ALT and AST. Architect chemiluminescence analyzer was used to detect HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBe and anti-HBc. RStudio software was performed to analyze the correlation between HBV-RNA level and liver biochemical parameters. Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent factors influencing HBV-RNA level. Results: The positive detection rate of serum HBV-RNA in patients with chronic hepatitis B whose serum HBV-DNA had dropped to undetected levels after ETV treatment was 22.43%. HBsAg, ALT and AST levels in HBV-RNA positive group were slightly higher than HBV-RNA negative group, while anti-HBc levels were slightly higher in HBV-RNA negative group. There was no difference in the level of anti-HBe between the HBV-RNA negative and the positive group. Logistic regression analysis showed that anti-HBc was an independent factor influencing the level of HBV-RNA detection (P = 0.021). Conclusion HBV-RNA can be detected in some patients with chronic hepatitis B whose serum HBV-DNA level has dropped to undetected levels after ETV treatment. Serum HBV-RNA only comes from the direct transcription of cccDNA, so it is better than HBV-DNA and HBsAg to reflect cccDNA level or activity. Anti-HBc, as an independent factor influencing the level of HBV-RNA, may be used in combination as a new marker to predict the efficacy of antiviral therapy.

Objective:To investigate the clinical, pathological and genetic characteristics of neonatal alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of the pulmonary veins (ACDMPV).Methods:The clinical manifestations, radiographic examinations, pathology and parental genetic analysis of a newborn with FOXF1 variation induced ACDMPV, who was hospitalized in the Department of Neonatology of Shenzhen Children′s Hospital in January 2020, were extracted and analyzed. Related literature up to March 2020 with the key words of “Alveolar capillaries dysplasia” “Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of the pulmonary veins” “FOXF1” in PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, CQVIP database and Leiden Open Variation database (LOVD) were searched.Results:A full-term male newborn （1 hour of age） was admitted due to anal atresia. Surgical repair of anal atresia and omphalocele was performed on the first day of life, and gallbladder absence and Meckel′s diverticulum were identified during the operation. Respiratory distress with hypoxemia developed at about 6 hours of life, and persistent pulmonary hypertension developed and progressed after surgery, with poor response to mechanical ventilation and pulmonary vasodilators. This infant passed away at 26 days of life. Lung biopsy showed decreased alveolar units and thickened interalveolar septa, reduced alveolar capillary density and thickened walls of peripheral pulmonary arteries, and misaligned pulmonary veins adjacent to the pulmonary arterioles, which were consistent with ACDMPV. The whole exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous novel frameshift of FOXF1 gene located in chromosome 16q24.1 c376_377insT; p.(Pro126fs). According to the bioinformatics analysis, this variation was likely to be pathogenic as it was associated with coding disorder of FOXF1 Pro126, resulting in truncation of the encoded protein. This novel variation had not been reported in the human gene mutation database (HGMD), ESP6500siv2_ALL, 1000g2015aug_ALL or dbSNP147 database. Previous 6 literatures reported 54 variants, including 28 missense, 10 nonsense, 11 frameshift, 2 deletion, 1 synonymous, and 2 extensions. Only three of the reported 45 cases （24 males, 21 females） were still alive as of the time of this study.Conclusions:Typically, ACDMPV is a catastrophic disease in neonatal period with high mortality. Lung biopsy and genetic testing should be considered in infants who present with persistent pulmonary hypertension and refractory hypoxemia, especially when combined with extrapulmonary abnormalities.

The classification,principle and development status of the EEG monitoring device for anesthesia depth in foreign countries and China were introduced,whose application,advantages and disadvantages were analyzed.It's pointed out the development of the device involved in multi-modal monitoring and AI technologies,enhancement of patient comfort and safety,data sharing and cross-disciplinary cooperation.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(6):105-112]