Animals ; Body Water ; Brain ; anatomy & histology ; Male ; Organ Size ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Specific Gravity

Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) is one of the complications after stenting in patients with carotid stenosis.Although its incidence is lower,it may result in serious disability or death in patients.Full awareness and understanding of CHS and its related risk factors may contribute to its prevention and treatment.

Source data and its source documents are the foundation of clinical research. Proper source data management plays an essential role for compliance with regulatory and GCP requirements. Both paper and electronic source data co-exist in China. Due to the increasing use of electronic technology in pharmaceutical and health care industry, electronic data source becomes an upcoming trend with clear advantages. To face new opportunities and to ensure data integrity, quality and traceability from source data to regulatory submission, this document demonstrates important concepts, principles and best practices during managing source data. It includes but not limited to: (1) important concepts of source data (e.g., source data originator, source data elements, source data identifier for audit trail, etc.); (2) various modalities of source data collection in paper and electronic methods (e.g., paper CRF, EDC, Patient Report Outcomes/eCOA, etc.); (3) seven main principles recommended in the aspect of data collection, traceability, quality standards, access control, quality control, certified copy and security during source data management; (4) a life cycle from source data creation to obsolete is used as an example to illustrate consideration and implementation of source data management.
China ; Data Collection ; standards ; Documentation ; standards ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; methods ; standards

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of acupuncture on motor function and serum expressions of TNF-aand IL-6 contents in cerebral hemorrhage rats.MethodSeventy-two male Wistar rats were randomized into sham operation, model and acupuncture groups. A rat model of cerebral hemorrhage was made by intracerebral injection of autoblood. Baihui-to-Qubin acupuncture was performed after successful model making. The TNF-aand IL-6 contents of rat serum were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay at three time points: one, three and seven days.ResultBaihui-to-Qubin acupuncture markedly increased the neurological function score and reduced neurologic deficits in cerebral hemorrhage rats. At the same time point, serum TNF-aand IL-6 contents were significantly lower in the acupuncture group of rats thanin the model and acupuncture group; there were statistically significant differences (P<0.01).ConclusionBaihui-to-Qubin acupuncture can reduce neurologic deficits in cerebral hemorrhage rats. It may be related to decreases in serum TNF-aand IL-6 contents after acupuncture.

Microencapsulation of Chinese herb activities was summarized, including Chinese herb microencapsulation purpose, significance, study status quo and prospecting application foreground. Microencapsulation of Chinese herb activities play a important role in Chinese herb preparation industry and modernization. With the technology developing, microencapsulation of Chinese herb activities will have widely application foreground.
Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Compounding ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the dynamic changes of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) expression in the hippocampus of epileptic rats and to study its effect on vitamin E levels in rats following status epilepticus (SE).

METHODSRat model of SE was induced by intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine. The rats receiving an injection of normal saline were used as a control group. The expression of LPL in the hippocampal tissue was determined using immunofluorescent methods and the level of vitamin E was examined by the colormeric method 12 hrs, 24 hrs, 3 days, 7 days and 14 days after SE.

RESULTSLPL was expressed in the control and SE groups. In the SE group, the LPL expression began to increase 24 hr after SE (P<0.05), reached a peak 3 days after SE (P<0.01), and kept at a high level 7 days after SE (P<0.01). By 14 days, the LPL expression was reduced to the level similar to the control group. The level of vitamin E began to decline 12 hrs after SE (P<0.01), and decreased to a nadir 24 hrs after SE (P<0.01). At 3 and 7 days after SE, the levels of vitamin E were still significantly lower than the controls (P<0.05). By 14 days, the vitamin E level increased to the level similar to the control group.

CONCLUSIONSThe over-expression of LPL in the hippocampus may play an important role in the oxidative stress mechanisms following SE by regulating the uptake of vitamin E.

Animals ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Lipoprotein Lipase ; analysis ; physiology ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Status Epilepticus ; metabolism ; Vitamin E ; analysis ; metabolism

Abstract: Objective　Quantitative assessment of risk factors of clonorchiasis can provide prevention for clonorchiasis. Methods　Articles were retrieved in Chinese and English electronic databases from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2020, including Wanfang Data, CNKI, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase. All studies were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the quality of all enrolled literatures was evaluated. The software RevMan version 5.3 was used for Meta-analysis. The heterogeneity, sensitivity and publication bias of all included studies were analyzed. Results　A total of 95 articles were retrieved, and 6 were included in this Meta-analysis which were case-control studies. There were 5 articles in Chinese and 1 in English. There was no single literature with a large impact on the results, and the results of this study were relatively stable. There were 1 170 cases of clonorchiasis in total and 1 291 cases in control. Most of the cases were from hospital patients and community residents, and the floating population was small. Meta-analysis showed that there were three independent risk factors: raw or semi-raw fish, raw or semi-raw shrimp, mix raw and cooked cutting boards, with a combined OR (95%CI) of 2.32(1.86, 2.88), 3.99(2.42, 6.58), 2.18(1.51, 3.14), respectively, with low heterogeneity consistent with the results of the total sample study: I2 values for risk factors were 30%, 12%, 27%, respectively. The results of bias tests showed no publication bias (P=0.731, 0.725, 0.334, P>0.05). Conclusions　The key risk factors of clonorchiasis are raw or semi-raw fish, raw or semi-raw shrimp, mix raw and cooked cutting boards. Guidance and health education should be strengthened. It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance of clonorchiasis in the floating population, such as traveler, businessman and student.

In clinic, some urinary protein makers can dynamically and noninvasively reflect the degree of renal tubular injury in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). These urinary biomarkers of tubular damage are broadly divided into two categories. One is newfound, including kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1), neutrophil getatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) and cystatin C (CysC); the other one is classical, including beta2 microglobulin (beta2-MG), retinal binding protein (RBP) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG). It is reported that, the increases in urinary protein markers are not only closely related to the damage of tubular epithelial cells in DN patients, but also can be ameliorated by the treatment with Chinese herbal compound preparations or Chinese herbal medicine. Recently, although urinary proteomics are used in the protein separation and identification, the traditional associated detection of urinary protein markers is more practical in clinic. At present, it is possible that the associated detection of urinary biomarkers of glomerular and tubular damages may be a feasible measure to reveal the clinical significance of urinary protein markers in DN patients and the interventional effects of Chinese herbal medicine.
Biomarkers ; urine ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; complications ; drug therapy ; urine ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Proteinuria ; complications

To analyze the characteristic of urinary protein spectrum in patients with stage III diabetic nephropathy (DN) and its compliance with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)symptom, for the sake of providing a basis for clarifying the rules of TCM syndrome differentiation in DN. Adopting the traditional epidemiological retrospective method, thirty-eight TCM syndromes and urinary protein with medium or low molecular weight, as well as urinary enzyme, including 24 h urinary protein (Upro), urinary albumin( UAlb), urinary retinal binding protein( URBP), urinary cystatin C (UCysC), urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (UNAG), were collected from 108 patients with stage III DN, and a multiple factor regression analysis between them was conducted. As the results, the levels of Upro, UAlb, URBP, UCysC, and UNAG were increased in 108 patients with stage III DN. Qi-Yin deficiency type was the major type. The level of UAlb in patients with Qi-Yin deficiency type was significantly higher than those without Qi-Yin deficiency type (P < 0.05). The elevation of Upro with the factors as swift digestion with rapid hungering, lassitude and lack of strength, weakness of waist and knees was complied, the elevation of UA1b with the factors as dry mouth with desire to drink, the elevation of URBP with the factors as numbness of extremities, shortness of breath, the elevation of UCysC with the factors as clear urine in large amounts, and the elevation of UNAG with the factors as frequent micturition, were complied respectively. In conclusion, for 108 stage III DN patients. The increase in urinary protein spectrum including UAlb, URBP, UCysC, and UNAG is the major characteristic. Shen and Pi are the major organs related to the appearance of urinary protein; Pi-Shen deficiency is the basic pathogenesis. The level of UAlb is taken as one of the objective syndrome factors for Qi-Yin deficiency type. The levels of UNAG and UCysC are possibly the objective syndrome factors for Shen-Qi deficiency type.
Diabetic Nephropathies ; complications ; diagnosis ; urine ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Proteinuria ; complications ; urine ; Qi ; Regression Analysis ; Yin-Yang

OBJECTIVE To analyze trimethylation of genome-wide histone H3 lysine 4(H3K4met3) induced by silicon dioxide(SiO2)through chromatin immunoprecipitation linked to microarrays(ChIP-chip)in lung fibroblast(LF)of rats. METHODS A primary co-culture model of rat alveolar macrophages (AM)and LF in vitro. AM were exposed to 100 mg · L-1 free SiO2 for 24 h,before LF were collected and the phenotype of LF was determined after transdifferentiation by immunohistochemistry. ChIP-chip was used to profile the variations of trimethylation in H3K4 of lung fibroblasts in CpG island regions. ChIP-qPCR was used to validate the microarray results. The mRNA expression of nfib and kpna3 was analyzed by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Totally 1815 (518 increased and 1297 decreased) genes of H3K4met3 displayed significant differences in SiO2 100 mg·L-1 group compared with control group(Cy3/Cy5 value>2.0 or <0.5,NimbleScan V2.5 software). The results of ChIP-qPCR were quite consistent with those of microarray. CONCLUSION There are significant differences in methylation of genome-wide H3K4 between SiO2 100 mg·L-1 group and control group. These novel candidate genes may become potential biomarkers or new interfered targets.