No abstract available.
Risk Assessment*

No abstract available.
Risk Assessment*

No abstract available.
Geriatric Assessment

In this last paper of the series about risk of bias assessment, we introduce the application of risk of bias assessment results. Risk of bias assessment is one of the key steps in the assessment of quality of evidence. The risk of bias assessment results could be the "diagnosis" of individual studies, which helps decision making related to the inclusion and exclusion of individual studies, as well as the data analysis in the systematic review process. This paper focuses on how to incorporate risk of bias assessment results in the GRADE assessment for quality of evidence, including the principles and the tips for the application.
Bias ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care ; Risk Assessment

PURPOSE: This study examined two overarching topics: to what extent do faculties acknowledge class readiness, execution of lessons, and evaluation of the session; and what core content should be strengthened in a medical school faculty development program? METHODS: In November 2012, 37 faculties completed a detailed survey on the needs of medical school faculty development programs. The 14-item survey assessed the importance, operational frequency, difficulty in accomplishment, class readiness, execution of teaching, and evaluation of the session. RESULTS: Faculties were aware of the importance of class readiness, execution of teaching, and evaluation of the session but had a low level of accomplishment with regard to execution of the instruction and evaluation of the session. Four subitems of session evaluation were considered very important but showed low operational frequency, high difficulty in accomplishment, and low accomplishment ability. The successful discussion class item had the lowest operational frequency and accomplishment ability. The core contents that should be strengthened in medical school faculty development programs are diagnose students' class readiness (prior knowledge) (35.5%) and providing class session with suitable level/content (32.3%). CONCLUSION: Before designing faculty development programs, a needs assessment is useful in providing more tailored content for the faculty.
Needs Assessment ; Schools, Medical

The Biomedical Laboratory Center of Hanoi Medical University was established in January 17th 1997 and comprises 4 small labors: the functional tests; biochemical; immunology and genetic. According to its functions and tasks, the labor has human resources with the high technical and scientific levels. This resource originated from the faculties of Hanoi Medical University. This is an activity pattern which is suitable and convenient for staffs and students in the university.
Technology Assessment, Biomedical ; Laboratories

No abstract available.
Geriatric Assessment* ; Quality of Life

In recent years, various international organizations have raised awareness regarding psychosocial risks and work-related stress. European stakeholders have also taken action on these issues by producing important documents, such as position papers and government regulations, which are reviewed in this article. In particular, 4 European models that have been developed for the assessment and management of work-related stress are considered here. Although important advances have been made in the understanding of work-related stress, there are still gaps in the translation of this knowledge into effective practice at the enterprise level. There are additional problems regarding the methodology in the evaluation of work-related stress. The European models described in this article are based on holistic, global and participatory approaches, where the active role of and involvement of workers are always emphasized. The limitations of these models are in the lack of clarity on preventive intervention and, for two of them, the lack of instrument standardization for risk evaluation. The comparison among the European models to approach work-related stress, although with limitations and socio-cultural differences, offers the possibility for the development of a social dialogue that is important in defining the correct and practical methodology for work stress evaluation and prevention.
Government Regulation ; Risk Assessment

Cost of Illness ; Risk Assessment

Introduction: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a controversial plastics ingredient used mainly in the production of polycarbonate plastics (PC) and epoxy resins that widely used nowadays in food and drink packaging. Even though BPA is not involved in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) manufacturing, recent study had reported the present of BPA in PET water bottle. This study was conducted to investigate effects storage conditions on release of BPA from PC and PET bottled water as well as to assess health risks associated with consumption. Methods: Solid phase extraction (SPE) was used to extract the samples, followed by analysis using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (UHPLC-FLD). The possibility of developing chronic non-carcinogenic health risk among consumers of bottled water was evaluated using hazard quotient (HQ). Results: Results showed that BPA migrated from PC and PET water bottles at concentrations ranging from 9.13 to 257.67 ng/L and 11.53 ng/L to 269.87 ng/L respectively. Concentrations of BPA were higher in PET bottled water compared to PC bottled water across all storage conditions. Higher storage temperature and longer storage duration increased BPA concentrations in PC and PET bottled water. Concentrations of BPA in bottled water which were kept in a car and were exposed to sunlight were higher than control samples which were stored indoor at room temperature. Conclusion: No significant chronic non-carcinogenic health risks were calculated for daily ingestion of BPA-contaminated bottled water; calculated HQ was less than one.
Health risk assessment