With the emergence of drug resistant tuberculosis, it is very urgent to find novel anti-tuberculosis drugs, especially novel anti-drug-resistant tuberculosis drugs. Because of the slow growth and the need to work in a biosafty environment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the development of evaluation of drug effect is severely impeded. In order to solve these issues, non-pathogenic fast-growing Mycobacterium smegmatis is introduced as test organism. The inhA is one of a target of isoniazid (INH) overexpression or mutation of this gene in Mycobacterium tuberculosis conferring resistant to INH. A recombinant plasmid bearing inhA was constructed and electroporated into Mycobacterium smegmatis, using shuttle expression vector pMV261. Transformants were induced to express a protein of inhA, identified by SDS-PAGE. Results show that Mycobacterium smegmatis containing inhA plasmids exhibited 100-fold or greater increased resistance to INH, but it conferred no increased resistance to others first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. Resazurin microtiter assay plate testing of Mycobacterium smegmatis susceptibility to drugs is a rapid, simple, and inexpensive method and could decrease color background of drugs by detecting fluorescence. It will be benefit for high-throughout screening of drugs of anti-isoniazid-resistant Mycobacteria.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Antibiotics, Antitubercular ; pharmacology ; Antitubercular Agents ; pharmacology ; Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Electroporation ; Ethambutol ; pharmacology ; Isoniazid ; pharmacology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mycobacterium smegmatis ; drug effects ; genetics ; metabolism ; Oxidoreductases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plasmids ; Rifampin ; pharmacology ; Streptomycin ; pharmacology

AIMTo study a continuous, on-line and automatic monitoring method for dissolution of drugs.

METHODSA new fiber optical chemical sensor prepared by sol-gel immobilization of molecular probe was reported. Based on multiple quenching of flurescence, an instrument and software system was designed to on-line monitor the drug dissolution of rifampicin.

RESULTSThe concentration of rifampicin was linear with ln(F0/F) when concentration was in the range of 10-170 micrograms/mL-1. The relative coefficient was 0.9993. The procession of dissolution can be on-line monitored. Parameters were obtained directly from the dissolution curve. There is no distinctly difference when compared with the method of the Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThis procession analysis can reflect the real dissolution of drug and obtain the total information.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To determine the incidence and clinical characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) medication-associated Clostridium difficile infection. METHODS: This multicenter study included patients from eight tertiary hospitals enrolled from 2008 to 2013. A retrospective analysis was conducted to identify the clinical features of C. difficile infection in patients who received TB medication. RESULTS: C. difficile infection developed in 54 of the 19,080 patients prescribed TB medication, representing a total incidence of infection of 2.83 cases per 1,000 adults. Fifty-one of the 54 patients (94.4%) were treated with rifampin. The patients were usually treated with oral metronidazole, which produced improvement in 47 of the 54 patients (87%). Twenty-three patients clinically improved with continuous rifampin therapy for C. difficile infection. There were no significant differences in improvement between patients treated continuously (n=21) and patients in whom treatment was discontinued (n=26). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of C. difficile infection after TB medication was not low considering the relatively low TB medication dosage compared to other antibiotics. It may not be always necessary to discontinue TB medication. Instead, decisions concerning discontinuation of TB medication should be based on TB status.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use ; Antibiotics, Antitubercular/*adverse effects ; *Clostridium difficile ; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/chemically induced/drug therapy/*epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Metronidazole/therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Rifampin/*adverse effects ; Treatment Outcome ; Tuberculosis/*drug therapy

5 methods for the detection of new leprosy cases have been implemented in 6 provinces of the central of Vietnam, namely Danang, Khanhhoa, Binhdinh, Lamdong, Ninhthuan and Binhthuan. The results of each method were detailed evaluated and analysed. Contact survey has proved to be effective with the detection rate of 480 per 100.000. While group survey had no good result with the detection rate of 11.94 per 100.000. The method of mass survey was expensive, not so effective (12.07 per 100.000). It should be applied in areas where the prevalence of the disease is high. Notification of patients through general health system was relatively fruitful (152.20 per 100.000). Passive method of detection through health education was very easy to conduct and economic. This method must be carried out in every where
Leprosy ; Leprostatic Agents

In order to evaluate how multitherapy affects on epidemiological picture of leprosy in Kh¸nh Hßa province, the authors have researched disease documents of 1.813 leprotic patients at Kh¸nh Hßa Provincial Dermatological Hospital from 1985 - 1999. They also carried out a sociological investigation from 2.847 normal people and 724 patients. Smear skins of 117 leprosy patients were collected randomly to find out ADN of Mycobacterium leprae by Polymerasa Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Results showed: Using multitherapy with the combination of three drugs (Rifampicine, Clofazimine and Dapsone) have cut down leprosy incidence, detected new patients rate, under 15 year-old patients rate among new one yearly. It has increased the average age of detected new patients. It has also increased the rate of new patient register themselves in the past fifteen years. However, 5% PCRs of MB patients who stopped using multitherapy 5 years ago are still positive. This fact makes us to pay more attention on relapse of the disease, especially to whom with BI above 4+
Leprosy ; Leprostatic Agents ; epidemiology

Objectives: The purpose of this prospective case series was to describe the difference in cure rates between a 6-month and a 9-month anti-tuberculous treatment regimen in patients with newly diagnosed tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis. Methods: Thirty-eight consecutive participants were enrolled in the study. Thirty participants were ultimately analyzed at the end of six months, nine months, and 12 months using serial neck ultrasound to assess for the presence of lymphadenopathy. At the end of six months, participants with residual lymphadenopathy larger than 1 cm extended treatment to complete nine months of treatment. Results: Among the 30 participants who completed 6-month treatment, 63.3% (n=19) were cured while 36.7% (n=11) had residual lymphadenopathy and extended to 9-month treatment. At the end of 9-month treatment, 36.4% (n=4) were cured while 63.6% (n=7) had persistent lymphadenopathy greater than 1 cm on ultrasound. At 12 months, 15.8% (n=3) of those treated for six months and 45.5% (n=5) of those treated for nine months had recurrent/residual lymphadenopathy. There were no significant differences between cure rates for age, sex, concomitant pulmonary tuberculosis, the number of nodes, skin changes, TB-PCR results, and presence of paradoxical reaction whether at six or at 12 months. Conclusion Due to the low cure rates in this study, there was not enough evidence to support current recommendations of a 6-month treatment period for tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis or to claim its effectiveness over a longer treatment duration.
tuberculosis ; lymph node ; antibiotics ; Anti-Bacterial Agents

Perform total research 4-fluoroisothiocyanat by dithiocarbamat method, test antibacterial, anti fungus effect by dilute in slate method. Result showed: by response between 4-fluoroanilin and CS2 in ammoniac environment get 4-fluorophenyl dithiocarbamat, which response with lead get 4-fluoro-isothiocyanat. 4-fluorothioure partial towards antifungus, weakly effect in test bacterium
chemical synthesis ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antibiotics, Antifungal ; drugs

The report suggested that the ways to synthesize substances belong to 4-bromothioure derivatives. By reaction between 4-broucroanilin and CS2 in amoniac environment, collected 4 bromophenyl dithiocarbamat. This substance react with nitrate lead and collected 4 flurothiocyanate, and then can synthesize above substance. Synthesized substances were measured pure level, defined it's physico-chemical constants as well as structure. For antibacterial and anti-fungus, the trial will have result when 3 microfungal strains and 3 bacterial strains contact with 4-bromothioure derivative
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antibiotics, Antifungal ; analogs & derivatives ; drugs

BACKGROUND: Infection caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has been increasing. Awareness of this infection is crucial yet problematic. Delayed management may lead to destructive results. We empirically treated a series of patients with clinical suspicion of NTM infection prior to the identification of the pathogen. METHODS: A total of 12 patients who developed surgical site infections between January 2011 and February 2014 were reviewed. Patients with a skin and subcutaneous infection resistant to standard management over two weeks, and previous history of aesthetic procedures within three months were regarded as highly suspected of having an NTM infection. A variety of diagnostic modalities were examined simultaneously, along with starting empirical treatment including a combination of clarithromycin and moxifloxacin, and surgical debridement. RESULTS: All wounds healed completely within 4 weeks. The mean follow-up duration was 7.2 months, and none of the patients developed relapse. Specific NTM pathogens were identified in six patients. Eight patients showed caseating granuloma implying an NTM infection. One patient showed an uncommon Stenotrophomonas infection, which was successfully treated. Three patients had no evidence of a pathogen despite repeated microbial tests. Complications such as scarring, pigmentation, and disfigurement were common in all the patients. CONCLUSIONS: NTM should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an unusual skin and soft-tissue infection. We propose an empirical regimen of clarithromycin and moxifloxacin as an efficient treatment option for an NTM infection.
Antibiotics, Antitubercular ; Cicatrix ; Clarithromycin ; Debridement ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Early Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria* ; Pigmentation ; Recurrence ; Skin ; Stenotrophomonas ; Wounds and Injuries

Pseudomembranous colitis is a dangerous but unusual side effect of antibiotics usage. We report a case of pseudomembranous colitis that developed in a 50-year-old female patient with diabetes mellitus during first line anti-tuberculous therapy including rifampicin. The patient was diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis 70 days earlier. On admission, she suffered intermittent abdominal pain and watery diarrhea for 2 weeks. Colonoscopy revealed exudative, punctuate, raised plaques with skip areas or edematous hyperemic mucosa, and histopathologic findings were consistent with pseudomembranous colitis with typical volcano-like exudate. Symptoms improved on treatment with metronidazole. There was no recurrence after reinstitution of the anti-tuberculous agents excluding rifampicin. In patients with persistent diarrhea receiving anti-tuberculosis treatment, rifampicin associated pseudomembranous colitis should always be kept in mind.
Antibiotics, Antitubercular/*adverse effects ; English Abstract ; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/*chemically induced/diagnosis/drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Rifampin/*adverse effects ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy