OBJECTIVE:To study the enterococcal distribution in clinical samples and their drug resistance to commonly use antibiotic and provide the guidance for rational administration.METHODS : Adopting paper diffusion method to observe the drug resistance of enterococci isolated from clinical samples in our hospital and analyzing their distribution in the samples.RESULTS :Enterococcus faecalis accounts for 44.1% in 227 strains and Enterococcus faecium accounts for 37.9%,the other kinds of enterococci were rare.There was no statistical difference between drug resistance of Enterococcus faecium and that of enterococcus faecalis. Vancomycin was the most potent antimicrobial.Penicillin,ampicillin,and nitrofurantion showed good antibacterial activity against enterococcus faecalis. Enterococcus faecium displayed high-level resistance against antibiotics in addition to glycopeptides.CONCLUSION:Doctor should pay attention to the drug resistance about clinically common pathogenic bacterium. Continual surveillance of resistance rate of enterococcus is important to direct the treatment of enterococcus infections.

Anterior mandibular fracture, which includes symphyseal and parasymphyseal mandibular fractures, is one of the most common types of fracture in clinical work, and is usually associated with condyle fracture. This type of fracture predisposes the patients to facial widening, malocclusion, and ankylosis when not properly and timely treated because of the influence of its anatomic structure. This article reviews the characteristics, complication, diagnosis, and therapy of this type of fracture.
Humans ; Malocclusion ; Mandibular Condyle ; Mandibular Fractures

Biomarkers ; Cystatin C ; blood ; Early Diagnosis ; Hepatorenal Syndrome ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Renal Artery

Tryptophan is the essential amino acid in the growth of cell.Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is the rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway.Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase enzyme mainly promotes tryptophan consumption of local micro-environment,causing tryptophan lack,thus inhibiting proliferation and activation of T cell.Tryptophan-derived catabolites suppress allogeneic T-cell proliferation (kynurenine,3-hydroxykynurenine,and 3-hydroxyanthranilate).Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase dendritic cells may interact with regulatory T cells forming an immunomodulatory network to promote immune tolerance induction.Though the immune regulation mechanism of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-initiated L-tryptophan in transplantation remains unclear,Numerous researches indicate that its role of tolerance induction in transplantation will be significant.

Objective To study the distribution and its clinical significance of hepatitis B virus genotypes and subtypes in HBV-infected patients in Hefei. Methods 192 serum samples from HBV-infected patients were collected to extract HBV DNA. HBV the genotypes and subtypes of HBV were detected by PCR. Results Among 192 HBV-infected patients, 82 had genotype B, 99 had genotype C, and 11 had B/C. In genotype B, 57 were subtype Ba, 8 were subtype Bj, and the remaining 17 were neither Ba nor Bj. In genotype C, 8 were subtype C1, 56 were subtype C2, and the other 35 were neither C1 nor C2. In genotype B/C, 6 were Ba/C2, 2 Bj/C2, 2 Ba/neither C1 nor C2, and one neither Ba nor Bj/C2. Tthe distribution of HBV genotypes and subtypes exhibited significant differences in the various clinical types; and it showed that genotype C was predominant among patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma , while genotype B was predominant in asymptomatic carriers. In addition, there were no differences in HBV genotype distribution among patient wih different gender; but the genotype distribution differed significantly between patients positive with HBeAg and those negative with HBeAg. Conclusions Subtypes Ba and C2 are predominant in HBV-infected patients in Hefei. Genotype C may be associated with the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To detect the expression of Survivin ,PTEN and to discuss the correlations between them and the clinico-pathological characteristic of rectal carcinoma ,evaluate their effects on the development of rectal carcinoma .Methods SP immuno-histochemical was used to detect the expression level of Survivin and PTEN in 72 rectal carcinoma samples ,and randomly selected 20 cases of normal paraneoplastic tissues as control group .Results The positive rate of Survivin and PTEN in normal paraneoplas-tic tissues were 0 and 85 .0% respectively ;The positive rate in rectal carcinoma samples were 61 .1% and 41 .7% respectively .Posi-tive expressions of Survivin and PTEN did not had no correlation with gender ,age ,but correlated with differentiation ,dukes staging and lymph node metastasis .PTEN expression was negatively correlated with Survivin expression in rectal carcinoma .Conclusion The low expression of Survivin and high expression of PTEN might promote tumor genesis and progression of rectal carcinoma , which could be used to judge the rectal cancer clinical staging and pathologic grading .

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections, especially those caused by Gram-negative pathogens, have emerged to be one of the world's greatest health threats. However, not only have recent decades shown a steady decline in the number of approved antimicrobial agents but a disappointing discovery also void. The development of novel antibiotics to treat MDR Gram-negative bacteria has been stagnated over the last half century. Though few compounds have shown activities in vitro, in animal models or even in clinical studies, the global antibiotic pipeline is not encouraging. There are a plethora of unexpected challenges that may arise and cannot always be solved to cause promising drugs to fail. This review intends to summarize recent research and development activities to meet the inevitable challenge in restricting the proliferation of MDR Gram-negative bacteria, with focus on compounds that have entered into clinical development stage. In addition to new analogues of existing antibiotic molecules, attention is also directed to alternative strategies to develop antibacterial agents with novel mechanisms of action.

Objective To evaluate the effects of blood perfusion(HP)combined with hemodialysis(HD)on micro inflammation and malnutrition status in patients with maintenance of hemodialysis(MHD). Methods Eighty MHD patients admitted to blood purification center of Wuhan Puai Hospital in Hubei Province were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. Pure HD group underwent conventional HD for 4 hours,3 times a week,and based on the weekly HD series,the HD+HP group took additionally HP once a week,the therapeutic course in both groups being consecutive 12 weeks. Blood was collected before and after treatment for detection of interleukin-6. (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and homocysteine (Hcy) levels were determined with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay,and the changes in nutritional indexes of hemoglobin(Hb),total protein(TP), albumin(Alb),transferrin(TRF)were observed. Results Compared with the indexes before treatment,in HD+HP group,hs-CRP(ng/L:5.65±2.21 vs. 13.91±2.10),IL-6(ng/L:50.10±6.65 vs. 101.22±21.32),TNF-α(ng/L:80.21±9.41 vs. 197.64±25.47),Hcy(μmol/L:13.31±2.21 vs. 40.96±9.42)were significantly decreased (all P<0.05),and Hb(g/L:106.65±22.21 vs. 92.01±12.10),TP(g/L:62.10±22.65 vs. 51.22±11.32),Alb (g/L:38.21±6.41 vs. 30.84±5.47),TRF(μg/L:196.31±22.21 vs. 161.96±15.42)were significantly increased (all P<0.05);but the above parameters in HD group did not change significantly(all P>0.05). There were statistical significant differences in above indexes after treatment between HD+HP group and HD group〔hs-CRP (ng/L):5.65±2.21 vs. 13.22±1.10,IL-6(ng/L):50.10±6.65 vs. 100.32±25.24,TNF-α(ng/L):80.21±9.41 vs. 196.87±24.54,Hcy(μmol/L):13.31±2.21 vs. 37.23±8.33,Hb(g/L):106.65±22.21 vs. 94.22±13.10,TP (g/L):62.10±22.65 vs. 51.32±12.32,Alb(g/L):38.21±6.41 vs. 32.87±4.54,TRF(μg/L):196.31±22.21 vs. 162.23±15.33,all P<0.05〕. Conclusion HP combined with HD in the treatment of MHD can improve the micro inflammation and malnutrition state in patients with MHD.

After a description of the concept and features of SoLoMo, and its effect on the transformation of academic libraries, it was pointed out that academic libraries should provide characteristic service and realize seamless interac-tion between library and learners by making full use of the advantages of social network tools, local and mobile service .

0.05).However,there were significant differences between the groups in HAMD score at the first weekend and second weekend(P