BACKGROUND:The androgen response to resistance exercise is one of hot topics in sports science research. At present, the androgen responses to resistance exercise show different results. There are different androgen changing trends under different resistance exercise interventions.
OBJECTIVE:To have a deep insight into the influence of resistance exercise on the response of human body androgen, clarify research progress in androgen response to resistance exercise, and provide the basic theory for monitoring resistance training.
METHODS:Literatures and paper reports about androgen response to resistance exercise are electronical y retrieved from the American Biological Medical Literature Database PubMed from 1986 and 2013. Final y 46 literatures addressing the research progress is analyzed about androgen responses to resistance exercise were included.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Studies have shown that, weight lifting (power snatch and power clean), squating, and deadlifting produced higher testosterone levels than the smal muscle groups. Under the same load, eccentric and concentric contractions produced the same hormone response. Adequate training amount and intensity may change the circulating testosterone levels. Short sports intermittent time led to a higher testosterone response than the long intermittent time. The free testosterone levels in youth group were significantly increased compared with the older group before and after exercise. Nutrition intervention affected acute testosterone responses to resistance exercise. Changes in exercise intensity and amount wil alter quiet testosterone levels, once returned to normal training, testosterone levels wil return to baseline values. Resistance exercise can increase androgen receptor content in human skeletal muscles.

BACKGROUND: Effect of exercise training on ultrastructure of skeletal muscle is a focus of quantified cytobiology in sports medicine. OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes of transportation function of calcium ion in sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle in the model of reduced training after endurance training. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized animal trial was performed at Xi'an Sports Institute from April to July 2006, and the biochemical test was performed at the Animal Experimental Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University in July 2006. MATERIALS: Thirty-nine healthy 2-month-old male SD weighing (220?20) g were selected. METHODS: Five rats were used in the preliminary experiment, and the others were randomly divided to normal control group (n=8), endurance training group (n=8) and reduced training group (n=18). The increasing training period of endurance training group and reduced training group lasted for 6 weeks, and then reduced training group was randomly divided to 3 groups according to reduced training cycle: 2, 4 and 6 weeks group. The rats did increasing endurance loading exercise on a treadmill, while reduced intensity was used in reduced training group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Enzyme coupling method and fluorescence probe technology were used to detect sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) and maximum Ca2+ uptake and release of gastrocnemius muscle. RESULTS: The activity of Ca2+-ATPase in endurance training group was significantly increased compared with normal control group (P 0.05); reduced training 4 and 6 weeks groups were significantly reduced compared with endurance training group (P 0.05); while the maximum uptake and release of Ca2+ in sarcoplasmic reticulum of reduced training 4 and 6 weeks group was significantly reduced (P

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) is a common condition among the old,which remains a main cause of death due to its high fatality.Airway remodeling is one of its pathological features.This article reviews the pathological changes and imageological assessment of COPD airway remodeling,its correlation with microbes and its pathogenesis and therapies.

AlM: To investigate the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy ( DR) in type 2 diabetes patients.METHODS:A total of 380 cases of type 2 diabetes were selected from January 2014 to June 2014, divided into DR group (126 cases) and non-diabetic retinopathy ( NDR) as control group (254 cases), all patients were underwent medical history, physical examinations, laboratory and assistance examinations. The prevalence and single factor and multiple factors of DR were analysed by the logistic regression model.RESULTS: The univariate logistic regression analysis showed that DR was associated with diabetes duration, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low - density lipoprotein, urine protein, intraocular pressure, carotid intima - media thickness, peripheral neuropathy disease was the related risk factors for DR. ln multiple logistic regression analysis, only duration was the related risk factors for DR.CONCLUSlON:The occurrence of DR is the outcome of combined action of multiple factors, duration is an independent risk factor for occurrence of DR.

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; classification ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis ; classification ; Workplace

Objective To evaluate the influence of methotrexate and etanercept on life quality of patients with ankylosing spondylitis.Methods 149 patients with ankylosing spondylitis were chosen,and they were treated with methotrexate and etanercept.The advances in imaging and life quality after 1 year were observed.Results After treatment for 12 months,X -ray of the hip joint showed that 38 cases of level 2 improved to level 1,16 cases of level 3 improved to level 2,and level 4 patients had no significant improvement.Each dimension of life quality of patients were significantly improved after treatment,the difference was statistically significant compared with before treatment (FRF =11.238,FBP =17.042,FRP =7.346,FGH =9.305,FVT =-5.811,FRE =6.529,FSF =7.018,FMH =14.203,P <0.05 ).After treatment,mSASSS increased to a certain extent,there was no significant difference compared with before treatment (F =0.194,P >0.05).BASDAI,PCS and MCS were all significantly improved,com-pared with before treatment,the differences were statistically significant (FBASDAI =3.871,FPCS =8.327,FMCS =6.191,P <0.05,P <0.05).There was no significant correlation between PCS and MCS and mSASSS (r =0.219, r =-0.118,P >0.05),but related to BASDAI(r =-0.792,r =-0.813,all P <0.05).Conclusion Methotrexate combined with etanercept could effectively control the clinical symptom of ankylosing spondylitis,and with good life quality,but patients with good quality still need X -ray follow up.

Objective To understand the motivation of blood donation and the main influencing factors of blood donation behav-ior to formulate a targeted recruitment strategy.Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to perform the ques-tionnaire investigation on the influencing factors of blood donation without payment in 583 non-donors and 554 blood donors of Fos-han City.The analysis was performed by using the chi square test and Logistic regression analysis method.Results The character-istics of blood donation population were more males,aged 20-<30 years old,high school or secondary education,monthly income in 1 000-<3 000 Yuan;the main motivation for donating blood wasdevotion to love and social responsibility;the blood donation behavior was affected by the factors ofdevotion to love and social responsibility,give repeated donors certificate and medalfear of infectious disease and blood donation will affect healthfear of painandblood donation site traffic inconvenience and other factors.Conclusion The factors of incentive measures,barriers measures,psychological factors,blood donation services,and so on will affect the citizens to donate blood.Different recruitment strategies should be developed for different crowds.

Objective To investigate the infection and distribution situations of diarrheogenic Escherichia coli among food practi‐tioners in Changsha City and to understand the carrying status of its virulence genes .Methods Totally 258 food practitioners from 9 units of Changsha City were extracted as the research subjects .Diarrheogenic Escherichia coli was detected by adopting the real time fluorescence multiple PCR .Results The infection rate of diarrheogenic Escherichia coli was 15 .5% (40/258) ,in which EAEC accounted for 10 .9% (28/258) ,EPEC for 3 .1% (8/258) and EHEC for 1 .6% (4/258) respectively ,EIEC and ETEC were not found .Among 28 strains of EAEC ,26 strains carried uidA gene ,13 strains carried aggR+pic gene and 27 strains carried astA gene , the carrying rates were 92 .9% ,46 .4% and 96 .4% respectively ;eight strains of EPEC all carried eae and uidA genes ;among 4 strains of EHEC ,3 strains carried eae gene ,moreover all 4 strains carried stx1+ stx2 gene .Conclusion Establishing a mechanism for continuously monitoring diarrheogenic Escherichia coli and deeply studying its molecular epidemiologic theory not only provide the essential data for the supervisory departments formulating and evaluating the public health measures ,but also has an important significance for evaluating the food safety status ,which can effectively control infectious source and protect the people′s health .

Through statement of AIDS , Happening and development, analysison spread way and infections people, discussion of harm and prevent and treatment. Social ethics problem involved is discussed, and it's showed that AIDS is not only a kin of natual disease, but also a kind of serious social disease and is arise many social ethics problems, women and children will be focal point of prevment and treatment, Practical way should be adopted for comprehensive administration about AIDS all over the world to prevent it's spread at all.

Following ideas are proposed for the development of library-holding resources with the need of users as its target according to the background and characteristics of big data, namely with the users-driving development of library-holding resources as its principle, with the users-satisfying resources acquisition method as its direction, and with the users-needing development of library-holding resources as its integration platform.