One hundred mandibles of adult Chinese male unearthed in Shanghai without missing teeth, alveolar bone resorption or/and malposition of teeth were studied. Our data showed that the location of the mental foramen below the apex of the lower second premolar was the most common. Our results were compared with those of other investigators. The Clinical significance of iden.tifying the anatomical location of the mental foramen in dental practice is discussed

Objective To evaluate the correlations of serum cardiac troponin T and serum uric acid levels in in aged patients with chronic congestive heart failure(CHF) and the effect of cardiac troponin T(cTnT) on the prognosis of the CHF. Methods 200 cases of congestive heart failure patients(Cardiac function NYHA class Ⅰ-Ⅳ) were enrolled for retrospective analysis and divided into four groups ,50 cases per group;randomly picked 50 cases of pantients with cardiac function NYHA class Ⅰ as a control group; and analyzed the relationship of serum uric (UA) and cTnT level and the occurrence of CHF. All the patients were arranged into normal group and higher group according to cTnT concentration. Cardiac events, including repeated or aggravated heart failure or cardiac death,in patients with increased cTnT during hospitalization were compared to those without it. Results In congestive heart failure group (Cardiac function NYHA class Ⅱ-Ⅳ) ,the cTnT and UA contents increased significantly than that in control group.Incidence of cardiac events was higher in patients with increased cTnT than without it (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The heavier the congestive heart failure, the blood uric acid and troponin T were more elevated, so they were closely linked with congestive heart failure, and were the factor for onset of congestive heart failure, and could be combined to evaluate the severity of heart failure in aged patients. The cTnT could predict the prognosis of the old patients with CHF.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and carotid artery ultra sound for transient ischemic attack (TIA) . Methods Ninety patients with TIA of internal carotid artery system in the acute phase and 55 normal control subjects were recruited. Their carotid intima-media thicknesses were assessed by carotid ultrasonography. Serum Lp-PLA2 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay(ELISA) ,and all the data were compared between the two group. Results The detection rate of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in the TIA group was significantly higher than that in the control group f 78. 9% (71/90) vs. 29. 1% (16/55), x2 = 35. 27, P < 0.01] . There were 35 carotid atherosclerotic plaque in the control group,of which 6 were unstable plaques and 29 were stable plaques. There were 134 carotid atherosclerotic plaque in the TIA group,of which 103 were unstable plaques and 31 were stable plaques, the constituent ratio of unstable plaque in the TIA group was significantly higher than that in the control group (x2 =43. 22 ,P < 0. 01). The levels of serum Lp-PLA2 in male and female patients in TIA group were ([19. 08 ±7. 92] mol/(min · ml) and [15. 15 ±4. 91] mol/(min · ml),which were significantly higher than those in male and female in the control group ([13. 86 ± 3. 15] mol/(min · ml) and [11. 18 ± 2. 96] mol/ (min · ml) (t = 3. 8598 and 2. 9260, respectively, Ps < 0. 01). Furthermore, the levels of serum Lp-PLA2 of males in the TIA group and control group were significantly higher than that of females in the TIA group and control group(t=2. 3850 and 2. 9143, respectively, Ps < 0.05). The level of serum Lp-PLA2 in unstable plaque patients in the TIA group was (20.16 ± 6. 76) mol/ (min · ml) , which was significantly higher than that in stable plaque patients in the TIA group was (16. 09 ±4. 15)mol/(min · ml) ,the difference was statistically significant (t = 2. 5578, P < 0. 05). Conclusion Serum Lp-PLA2 is a risk factor of carotid atherosclerotic plaque, the combination of Lp-PLA2 and carotid ultrosonography can be used and alert indicator of TIA.

Renal fibrosis is the final common pathway to all progressive renal disease.Studies have found that Wnt pathway exists in the process of renal fibrosis and plays an important role in the process of renal fibrosis.This paper reviewes the relation of wnt pathway and renal fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: Every year there are case reports about freshmen who took extreme actions because of maladaptation. Freshmen's mental health is related not only to their adaptability to university life but also to the stability and harmony of university campus.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the level of freshmen's mental health in early university life and screen out the students with severe psychological problems.DESIGN: A cross-sectional study.SETTING: Department of Education, Shaoxing University of Zhejiang Province.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 4 417 freshmen of year 2003 from Shaoxing University were selected as observational subjects during November 2003.METHODS: The status of mental health was surveyed with symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90), self-rated anxiety scale (SAS), and self-rated depression scale (SDS). SCL-90 consisted of 9 dimensions: somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility,phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychoticism, and 5 evaluation scales: 1 as none, 2 as mild, 3 as moderate, 4 as severe and 5 as rather severe. The higher the score, the lower the level of psychological health was. They were evaluated as whether they had problem of psychological health or not. SAS contained 4 grades that recorded mainly the frequency of the appearing symptoms defined by the evaluation entry. The standard score took 50 points as the critical point. The higher the score, the more severe anxiety status was. The main statistical index of SDS was the exponent of depression severity that ranged from 0.25 to 1.00. Those with less than 0.05 had no depression, 0.50-0.59 mild depression, 0.60-0.69moderate depression, and above 0.70 severe depression. The group test was conducted among the freshmen 3 months after they entered the university.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The scores of SCL-90, SAS and SDS.RESULTS: A total of 4 417 questionnaires were sent out, and 4 387questionnaires were collected with the effective rate of 99.32%. ① The scores on obsessive-compulsive, phobic anxiety and psychoticism ih the freshmen were higher than those of the norms (t=2.88-4.82, P ＜ 0.01). Among them, 333 freshmen with common psychological problems were detected, which constituted 7.59%. Another 49 students with severe psychological problems were screened out, which made up 1.12%. ② There were significant sex differences of scores in SCL-90 factors between boys and girls (total average t=5.56, P ＜ 0.01). ③ There was a significant correlation of depression and anxiety of SCL-90 scores with the standard scores of SDS and SAS, respectively, and the coefficient of product-moment correlation was 0.532 and 0.361, respectively.CONCLUSION: ① The freshmen did not have good psychological health.② The girls had more psychological problems than the boys. ③ The scores on depression and anxiety of SCL-90 were mutual proof with the standard scores of SDS and SAS, respectively.

ObjectiveTo study the application value of the clinical pathway in nursing management.Methods300 patients before and 300 patients after the application of clinical pathway in nursing management were selected.Patients' satisfaction degree with the nursing,length of hospital stay,and medical expenses were contrasted between the two groups.ResultsPatients' satisfaction degree with the nursing was significantly increased,the hospitalization time was significantly reduced,and the medical care expenditure was significantly reduced after application of clinical pathway in nursing management.ConclusionsThe application of the clinical pathway in nursing management can increase patients' satisfaction,reduce the hospitalization time and medical care expenditure.

Biochemistry is one of the important basic courses.There are some exploration and thinking on biochemistry teaching reform from teaching features of medical education,the application of teaching basic principles and the designing of teaching regulation forms.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens causing diabetic foot ulcer(DFU). Methods Secretion specimens of DFU in patients at several hospitals in Qingdao were collected and performed bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results A total of 216 pathogens were ob-tained from 137 patients with DFU. Isolation rate of gram-negative bacilli,gram-positive cocci and fungi was 58.80% (n= 127),39.81% (n= 86)and 1.39% (n= 3)respectively. 76 (55.47% )patients were infected with sin-gle pathogen,61 (44.53% )were infected with mixed pathogens;the top five detected pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa(n= 37),Staphylococcusaureus (n= 35),Escherichiacoli (n= 26),Staphylococcusepidermidis(n=24),and Acinetobacterbaumannii(n= 22). The resistance of Enterobacteriaceae to amikacin,amoxicillin/clavu-lanic acid,cefoxitin,imipenem,piperacillin/tazobactam,ticarcillin/clavulanic acid were 0-16.67% ;the resist-ance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem,tobramycin,amikacin,cefepime,gentamicin,and quinolones were 2 .70% -1 8 .92% ;the resistance of Acinetobacterbaumannii to imipenem and levofloxacin were low,but to the other antimicrobial agents were all above 30% . Conclusion The major pathogens from DFU were gram-negative bacilli, the next were gram-positive cocci,antimicrobial resistance patterns of each species are quite different,clinicians should choose antimicrobial agents according to antimicrobial susceptibility testing results.

Objective:To establish a simultaneous determination method for gallic acid and piperine in Naru Sanwei pills. Meth-ods:The separation was carried out on an Ultimate XB-C18 (250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) column. The mobile phase was methanol and 0. 1% phosphoric acid with gradient elution. The gradient program was as follows: in 0-20 min, methanol was changed from 15% to 80%;in 20-30 min, methanol was changed from 80% to 15%. The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 . The detection wavelength was 285 nm, the column temperature was 30℃,and the sample size was 10μl. Results:The linear range of gallic acid and piperine was 0. 878-4. 392 μg(r=1. 000 0)and 0. 262-1. 308 μg(r=1. 000 0), respectively. The average recovery was 100. 75%(RSD=1. 19%) and 98. 35%(RSD=1. 46%)(n=9), respectively. Conclusion:The method with high precision and resolution can be used for the quali-ty control of Naru Sanwei pills.

Diabetes mellitus( DM) rates remain highly and is increasing dramatically worldwide. Meanwhile, the incidence of tuberculosis ( TB) decreased slowly. Moreover, DM is an important risk factor for TB incidence. Therefore, TB-DM comorbidity is becoming a new challenge in the field of prevention and control of TB. TB patients complicated with DM displayed distinct pathological manifestations, severity, course of disease, treatment complexity, failure rate of anti-TB treatment, death and recurrence compared with ordinary TB patients. Infection and incidence of TB is closely related to the immune function of the host. For patients with DM or hyperglycemia, the immune function is changed, which leads to the increase of the risk of TB and also affects the condition and prognosis of the disease. The present review summarize the current advances in the study of the immunological characteristics of TB-DM comorbidity, including the changes of both innate and adaptive immune responses, aiming to provide reference for the basic research and prevention and control of TB-DM comorbidity.