Objective:To evaluate the effect of reduction by leverage with minimally invasive and internal fixation with Ideal Compression Screw to treat fracture of calcaneus.Methods:13 patients(17 fee)twith fracture of calcaneus were treated by reduction by leverage with minimally invasive and internal fixation with Ideal Compression Screw.According to Sanders'classification,10 sides were classified as typeⅡfracture and 7 sides as typeⅢfracture.Results:The post-operative functional evaluation by American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle score system revealed excellent outcomes in 12 feet(70.6%),good in 3(17.6%),fair in 2(11.8%).The excellent rate was 88.2%.Conclusion:Reduction by leverage with minimally invasive and internal fixation with Ideal Compression Screw to treat fracture of calcaneus is an effective and micro-invasive method in treatment of fractures of calcaneus.The technique can contribute to sta-ble fixation,low operation complication and high rate of excellent to good outcomes,et al.

The determination of tumor markers is of great value for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. This article reviews the application status of routine tumor markers and the progression on the role of tumor markers in early diagnosis, predicting chemotherapy or radiotherapy response, monitoring disease recurrence and evaluation of prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

To serve as carriers of cells and bioactive molecules, three-dimensional scaffolds play a key role in bone defect repair. The chemical component and microstructure of the scaffold can affect the mechanical properties and seed cells. A variety of fabrication techniques have been used in producing scaffolds, some made random porous structure, some created well-designed structure using rapid prototyping methods, and others prepared bio-derived materials as scaffolds. However, scaffolds may vary in their inner structure, mechanical properties and repairing efficiency as well because of different manufacturing methods. In this review, we overview the main achievements concerning the effects of material and microstructure on the mechanical performance, seed cells and defect repair of bone scaffolds.
Biocompatible Materials ; Bone and Bones ; Porosity ; Tissue Scaffolds

There are also many unanswered questions on the duodenogastroesophageal reflux(DGER),though it has been studied for more than 100 years.Based on the references and our studies,we reviewed the bile' injury on esophageal mucosal epithelial cells,the diagnosis and treatment of bile reflux into esophagus.The relationships of the biles with Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma were elucidated especially.

Objective To investigate the role of glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor ligand (GITRL) in regulating the inflammatory reaction of kupffer cells.Methods The kupffer cells and T cells of mice were isolated and divided into 6 groups after being co-cultured:control group,kupffer cells and T cells were cultured in DMEM only; lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group,kupffer cells and T cells were cultured in media with LPS (1 mg/L) ; LPS + GITRL siRNA group,kupffer cells and T cells were cultured in media as the LPS group after transfected with GITRL siRNA ; LPS + control siRNA group,kupffer cells and T cells were cultured in media as the LPS group after transfected with control siRNA; LPS + pEGFP-N1 GITRL group,kupffer cells and T cells were cultured in media as the LPS group after transfected with pEGFP-N1 GITRL plasmid; LPS + pEGFP-N1 control group,kupffer cells and T cells were cultured in media as the LPS group after transfected with control plasmid.After 24 hours of treatment,the expressions of GITRL and PDL1 of kupffer cells were detected by immunofluorescence and western blot,respectively.The proliferation and apoptosis of T cells were measured by MTF assay and Annexin V/PI flow cytometry,respectively.The expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in the supernatant fluid was measured by ELISA.All data were analyzed using the independent t test and one-way analysis of variance.Results The transfection efficiencies of GITRL siRNA and pEGFP-N1 GITRL were 90％ and 85％,respectively.Compared with normal kupffer cells,the protein expression of GITRL of kupffer cells transfected with GITRL siRNA was significantly decreased,while the protein expression of GITRL of kupffer cells transfected with pEGFP-N1 GITRL was significantly increased (t =41.72,13.10,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the protein expressions of GITRL between normal kupffer cells and those in the control groups (F =2.27,P ＞ 0.05).The fluorescence intensity of GITRL in the LPS group was significantly higher than that in the control group (t =49.29,P ＜ 0.05).Compared with LPS group,the activation of GITRL expression by the LPS was significantly suppressed in the LPS + GITRL siRNA group (t =9.84,P ＜ 0.05),while the expression of GITRL in the LPS + pEGFP-N1 GITRL group was significantly increased (t =5.78,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the GITRL expression among the LPS + control siRNA group,LPS + pEGFP-N1 control group and LPS group (F =0.86,P ＞ 0.05).The expression of PDL1 in the LPS group was significantly lower than that in the control group (t =18.83,P ＜0.05).Compared with LPS group,the expression of PDL1 in the LPS + pEGFP-N1 GITRL group was significantly suppressed (t =11.79,P ＜ 0.05),while the expression of PDL1 in the LPS + GITRL siRNA group was significantly stronger (t =19.08,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significantly difference in the expression of PDL1 in the LPS + control siRNA group,LPS + pEGFP-N1 control group and LPS group (F =2.22,P ＞ 0.05).The proliferation of T cells was increased and the number of apoptotic T cell was decreased in the LPS group when compared with control group (t =49.43,40.11,P ＜ 0.05).Compared with LPS group,the proliferation and apoptosis of T cells in the LPS + pEGFP-N1 GITRL group had the same trend (t =5.77,12.64,P ＜0.05); while the proliferation of T cells was decreased and the apoptosis of T cells was increased in the LPS + GITRL siRNA group (t =17.00,49.90,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the proliferation and apoptosis of T cells among the LPS + control siRNA group,LPS + pEGFP-N1 control group and LPS group (F =1.87,1.35,P ＞ 0.05).The expression of TNF-α was significantly higher in the LPS group than that in the control group (t =125.68,P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the LPS group,the expression of TNF-α was significantly decreased in the LPS + GITRL siRNA group (t =119.65,P ＜ 0.05),while the expression of TNF-α in the LPS + pEGFP-N1 GITRL group was significantly increased (t =147.70,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the TNF-α expression among the LPS + control siRNA group,LPS + pEGFP-N1 control group and LPS group (F =0.14,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Kupffer cells suppress the expression of PDL1 by upregulating GITRL,and thus activate the proliferation of T cells and promote the inflammatory reaction.The immunologic balance may be recovered after the interference of GITRL to restrain the inflammatory reaction.

The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the excitability of the sympathetic nerves in burned rats. Pre ganglionic discharges from the cervical and the epinephronic sympathetic nerves and post-ganglionic discharges from the renal sympathetic nerve fibers were recorded in rats anaesthized with urethane. After burning, the discharges of the sympathetic nerves of the rats at first showed continuous high frequency soon followed by a decline. After that, the sympathetic efferent electrical activity became very active again, displaying a high amplitude and high frequency.These results suggest that the sympathetic nerves system exhibits periodic excitatory changes in burned rats with a excitation-inhibition-excitation cycle.

Retrograde HRP technique was used to study the somatotopical organization of the raphe—spinal projection of the rat. HRP or wheat germ agglutinin conjugated HRP was injected into unilateral gray matter or dorsal horn of the cervical cord or lumbar cord. The following conclusions have been reached.The caudal part of NRM projects to areas ventral to the dorsal horn. Projection to the dorsal horn was found to originate from the rostral part of NRM, which is somatotopically localized. Cells projecting to the cervical dorsal horn are distributed more rostrally than those to the lumbar dorsal horn, although an extensive overlapping of these two parts is evident. Somatotopical localization in the form of "gap" as suggested by Watkins et al. could not been verified in our experiment.The functional significance of the sornatotopical organization of NRM is discussed.

Objective To describe the experience of nurses in combined care program of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and provide references for nursing managers. Methods The phenomenology research method was adopted in this study. Fourteen nurses who had achieved the combined care program of TCM participated in an in-depth interview. Data were analyzed by using phenomenological analysis. Results All nurses approved nursing program of TCM: finding sense of belonging in nursing work;demonstration of self-value;standardization of nursing tednnique;harmonious environmont of nursing work. But some defect still existed: too subjective evaluation item of nursing program of TCM;inappropriate evaluation table;lact of hospital characteristics of TCM nursing;deficiency of TCM knowledge. Conclusion Nursing managers should pay more attention to nurses' emotional experience, grasp the implementation of the problems during the program and improve the program, optimize the skills, provide trainings.

A high sensitive hydride generation ( HG) atomic fluorescence spectrometric system was developed using high current microsecond pulsed hollow cathode lamp ( HCMP-HCL) as the excitation source and its performance was evaluated. Test results confirmed that the excitation source could give out intensive atomic spectral lines. System precision (RSD, n=7) was 1. 1% for arsenic and 1. 4% for selenium. Detection limits (DLs, 3) were 0. 0066 μg/L and 0. 0075 μg/L, respectively. The developed AFS system was proved to have high reliability, low detection limit and remarkable improvement of analysis capability compared with that of commercial AFS instruments.