The lymphatic vessel is one of the earliest routes for systemic neoplastic metastasis. But reports on research of the lymphatic vessel have been few compared to the study for tumor vessels. In the past few years,along with advances in understanding about the construction features of the lymphatic system,work has been done to determine the anatomic fundamentals of lymphatic metastasis. Many new specifi c markers of the lymphatic endothelium had been reported, which is useful to differentiate lymphatic vessels from capillary vessels. The lymphatic vessels are usually found in the animal tumor models, human tumors and peritumoral tissues. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of lymph-angiogenesis has been discovered, which provide effective targets for anti-lymphatic metastasis of malignant tumors, make optimization of individualized treatment strategy possible to restrain lymph-angiogenesis of malignant tumors and so it could benefi t in improving patients' prognosis and survival.

The pathogenesis of cancer and related treatment were discussed.With regard to cancer,WANG emphasized the vital qi tangled theory,evil dominant theory,theory of blood stasis resulting tumor,non-blood stasis theory,sputum and toxin harm theory.As for cancer treatment,method of expelling stagnation,regulating qi,eliminating phlegm,softening hard mass and detoxicating should be used according to the specific syndrome.

Objective To investigate the relation between expression of MMP-9 and RECK in laryngeal carcinoma and it′s clinical characteristics and to explore the biological action of laryngeal tumor. Methods 38 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC)specimens and normal mucosa were examined for the expression level of MMP-9 and RECK protein by IHC method ( PV9000) and RT-PCR was employed to measure the expression of MMP-9 and RECK mRNA. Ten laryngeal papilloma were used for controls. Results The expression level of MMP-9 protein in carcinoma of larynx was 92.11%,which was significantly higher than that of the adjacent tissues (P

Objective To study the application of ultrasonic freestyle extended imaging(FEI) in thyroid,breast,artery,vein diseases.Methods Thirty-five patients with above mentioned diseases were examined by FEI and the images were analyzed.Results FEI could entirely show the scan region needed.It also could enhance image quality,show the physiologic radian of the body,measure the nidi accurately.Conclusion The FEI technology provides more image information and is of great help to improve the clinic diagnosis ratios.

0.05 ). MMSE, HDS scores of patients and the concentration of AVP could be obviously elevated (P

Objective To investigate the effect of Astragalus and chemotherapy on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC), microvessel density(MVD)and immune function.Methods 92 patients with NSCLC were divided into the study group and the control group, 46 cases in each group.Both groups were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and operation, and the study group was treated with astragalus polysaccharide.The expression of VEGF in cancer tissues, MVD and immune function were compared between the two groups.The short-term and long-term curative effect and the incidence of adverse reactions were recorded.Results After treatment, positive rates of VEGF, MVD and blood CD8+ were significantly decreased in two groups (P<0.05), showing study groupcontrol group (P<0.05).There were no significant differences between the two groups in short-term curative effect and 5 year survival rates.The incidence rates of side effects in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Adjuvant chemotherapy combined with intravenous infusion of Astragalus Polysaccharide can improve MVD, the expression of VEGF and immune function in patients with NSCLC.

Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are endogenous single-stranded small non-coding RNAs. miRNAs bind to a com-plementary site in the 3' untranslated region of their target mRNAs through canonical base pairing, which can direct the degradation or translational repression of these transcripts. Thus, miRNAs can effectively silence the protein expression of target genes post-transcrip-tionally. miRNAs may also regulate the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and could be involved in almost all known hallmarks of cancinogenesis. In this paper, we discuss the following in detail:(1) biogenesis and main functions of cellular miR-NAs, (2) stability and detectability of exosomal miRNAs in biological fluids;and (3) feasibility of miRNAs as a potential new class of biomarkers derived from urinary exosome in the malignancy of urinary system. Finally, we summarize studies on urinary exosomal miRNAs as potential biomarkers of prostate, bladder, and kidney cancers.

Objective To evaluate the clinical features and treatment outcomes of ocular posteriorsegment syphilis.Methods The clinical data of 24 patients with active ocular syphilis wereretrospectively reviewed.The diagnosis was made first in eye clinic,and verified by treponema pallidumparticle agglutination(TPPA)and rapid plasma reagin(RPR).The patients,17 males and 7 females,aged from 30 to 63 years with an average of 47.6 years.The duration of symptoms ranged from 3 days to2 years with an average of 5.8 months(≤1 month,7 cases;1-3 month,5 cases;3-6 months,5 cases;>6 months,7 cases).There were 18 bilateral cases and 6 unilateral cases.The result of humanimmunodeficiency virus(HIV)test was negative for all cases.Twenty-three patients received systemicpenicillin therapy and 1 patient was treated with oral erythromycin due to penicillin allergy.Beforetreatment,the mean visual acuity was 0.17±0.1 9,the mean titer of RPR was 1:84.The follow-up periodwas half a year.Results The major ocular manifestations included bilateral(16 cases)or unilateral(1case)chorioretinitis,unilateral retinal vasculitis(2 cases),unilateral neuroretinitis(2 cases),andbilateral(2 cases)or unilateral(1 case)optic neuritis.The mean follow-up visual acuity was 0.60±0.29,the mean follow-up titer of RPR was 1:18.8.Some patients had got the diagnosis and prompt treatment atthe early stage of the disease and their visual acuity recoveried very well.Conclusions The majormanifestion of ocular posterior segment syphilis is chorioretinitis.It is important tO consider the possibilityof syphilis when patients have inflammation of posterior segment.Prompt serology examination andpenicillin treatment are the keys to cure ocular syphilis.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Itopride and esomeprazole combining with deanxit in treating functional dyspepsia ( FD) .Methods Sixty-two patients meeting Rome Ⅲcriterion were randomly divided into the therapy groups which were treated with Itopride and esomeprazole combining with deanxit and the control groups which were treated with Itopride and esomeprazole for 4 weeks respectively .Symptom scoring was done before and after the treatment .Results The symptoms were remarkably improved , there was significant difference in the therapeutic effect between the two groups (P<0.05).The total efficiency was more obvious in the therapy group . Conclusion Itopride and esomeprazole combining with deanxit can produce an effect on the treatment of FD .Itopride and esomeprazole combining with deanxit has better clinical effect than Itopride and esomeprazole on the treatment of FD.

Objective: To investigate the molecular changes in bladder urothelial carcinoma via different pathways. Methods:Polymerase-chain reaction (PCR) or coamplification at low denaturation temperature-PCR and Sanger direct sequencing were per-formed to detect the status of fgfr3, p53, and h-ras gene mutations in 88 tissue samples of human bladder cancer and 10 normal control tissues. The relative mRNA expression levels of motility-related protein-1 (MRP-1)/CD9 and the relationship between genes and tumor recurrence were also determined. Logistic regression and relative analyses were conducted to compare the significance and interrelation of genes among tumor recurrences. Results:The mutation rate of p53 increased as pathological grades and stages increased. Recurrence rate was higher in patients with MT-p53 genotype than in patients with WT-p53 genotype. Conversely, the mutation rate of fgfr3 gene decreased as pathological grades and stages increased. Recurrence rate was also higher in patients with WT-fgfr3 genotype than in pa-tients with MT-fgfr3 genotype. In low-grade and early stage tumors, MT-fgfr3/WT-p53 was the most prevalent genotype;in high-grade and late stage tumors, WT-fgfr3/MT-p53 was the most prevalent genotype. The mutations of h-ras were mainly observed in low-grade tumors in early stages. Moreover, the relative mRNA levels of MRP-1/CD9 decreased as pathological grades and stages increased. The mRNA levels of MRP-1/CD9 were negatively correlated with p53 mutations and positively correlated with fgfr3 mutations. Logistic re-gression analysis results showed that patients with WT-fgfr3 genotypes exhibited 3.88 times higher relative risk of tumor recurrence than those with MT-fgfr3 genotypes;by contrast, patients with MT-p53 genotypes exhibited 4.53 times higher relative risk of tumor re-currence than those with WT-p53 genotypes. Conclusion:Fgfr3 and h-ras gene mutations may play important roles in tumorigenesis of low-grade and early stage bladder cancer. p53 gene mutation and mRNA levels of MRP-1/CD9 may be implicated in the tumorigenesis of high-grade tumors in late stage of bladder cancer. In general, the two variants of urothelial carcinoma exhibit distinct genetic defects. fgfr3 gene mutation revealed a pathway of favorable prognosis, and p53 gene mutation demonstrated a pathway associated with poor prognosis.