Gliomas is a global cell-originated tumor that is the most common primary intracranial tumor.World Health Organization (WHO) classification of glioma is WHO Ⅰ-Ⅳ,and WHO Ⅰ-Ⅱ are the lower-grade gliomas(LGG),WHO Ⅲ-Ⅳ are the higher-grade gliomas(HGG).With the development of modern radiotherapy and radiobiology,radiation therapy become an integral role in treating gliomas.Different grade of the gliomas will have different characteristics and treatment strategy.China expert diagnosis and treatment guildline of central nervous system glioma has been published in 2016.However,there was no relevant consensus specialized on glioma radiotherapy in China untill now.Therefore,after discussion and communication according to evidencebased medicine,a consensus was made among China Society for Radiation Oncology (CSTRO) composed of Chinese glioma experts.The consensus includes radiation therapy for HGG,LGG,diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma,ependymom,recurrent spinal cord glioblastoma,elderly patients,pediatric gliomas and pseudoprogression.The consensus will provide in-depth analysis and summarize the concernedquestion of radiation therapy in clinical work.Meanwhile,this consensus would strive to further standardize the application of radiation therapy in glioma treatment to provide evidence-based guidance.

Asthma exacerbations can do a lot of harm to the patients and consume large amounts of medical resources. This consensus is based on the domestic and foreign guidelines and literatures to standardize the evaluation and management of asthma exacerbations in China. Asthma exacerbations are characterized by a progressive increase in symptoms of shortness of breath, cough, wheezing or chest tightness and progressive decrease in lung function,and usually require modification of treatment.Recognizing risk factors and triggering factors of asthma exacerbations is helpful for the prevention and long-term management. Evaluation of asthma exacerbations is based on symptoms, lung function, and arterial blood gas. Management is stratified according to the severity of disease. Different regimens to treat asthma exacerbations are discussed in this consensus. Glucocorticoids should be used properly. Overuse of antibiotics should be avoided. Management of life-threatening asthma is discussed separately. Special attention should be paid in some special respects, such as asthma during peri-operation period, gestation period, and childhood. Diagnosis and management of complications are also of great significance and are discussed in details.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is relatively common worldwide and an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. It is closely linked to arterial stiffness of the carotid artery. However, the association of MetS with the safety of carotid revascularization has been rarely studied. The aim of this study was to observe the current status of MetS and its components in Chinese carotid revascularized patients, and investigate the impact on major adverse clinical events (MACEs) after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or carotid artery stenting (CAS). METHODS: From January 2013 to December 2017, patients undergoing CEA or CAS in the Neurosurgery Department of Xuanwu Hospital were retrospectively recruited. The changes in prevalence of MetS and each component with time were investigated. The primary outcome was 30-day post-operative MACEs. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify the impact of MetS on CEA or CAS. RESULTS: A total of 2068 patients who underwent CEA (766 cases) or CAS (1302 cases) were included. The rate of MetS was 17.9%; the prevalence rate of MetS increased with time. The occurrence rate of MACEs in CEA was 3.4% (26 cases) and in CAS, 3.1% (40 cases). There was no statistical difference between the two groups (3.4% vs. 3.1%, P = 0.600). For CEA patients, univariate analysis showed that the MACE (+) group had increased diabetes history (53.8% vs. 30.9%, P = 0.014) and MetS (34.6% vs. 15.8%, P = 0.023). For CAS patients, univariate analysis showed that the MACE (+) group had increased coronary artery disease history (40.0% vs. 21.6%, P = 0.006) and internal carotid artery tortuosity (67.5%% vs. 37.6%, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the MACE (+) group had higher systolic blood pressure (143.38 ± 22.74 vs. 135.42 ± 17.17 mmHg, P = 0.004). Multivariable analysis showed that the influencing factors for MACEs in CEA included history of diabetes (odds ratio [OR] = 2.345; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.057-5.205; P = 0.036) and MetS (OR = 2.476; 95% CI = 1.065-5.757; P = 0.035). The influencing factors for MACEs in CAS included systolic blood pressure (OR = 1.023; 95% CI = 1.005-1.040; P = 0.010), coronary artery disease (OR = 2.382; 95% CI = 1.237-4.587; P = 0.009) and internal carotid artery tortuosity (OR = 3.221; 95% CI = 1.637-6.337; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence rate of MetS increased with time in carotid revascularized patients. MetS is a risk for short-term MACEs after CEA, but not CAS.
Carotid Arteries/surgery* ; Carotid Stenosis/surgery* ; China/epidemiology* ; Endarterectomy, Carotid/adverse effects* ; Humans ; Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sample Size ; Stents/adverse effects* ; Stroke ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

Urate oxidase (Uox), an enzyme catalyzing oxidation of uric acid to allantoin, is widely used as diagnostic reagents and for treatments of uarthritis and hyperuricemia diseases. In our study, a higher Uox producer, bacterial strain OUC-1, was isolated from soil samples. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain OUC-1 showed 99% identity to the homologous fragments of Bacillus fastidiosus. After purification, Uox showed the optimal pH and temperature was 10.0 and 40 °C. The Km value of Uox was (0.15±0.04) mmol/L (n=5) with uric acid as the substrate. Uox activity was enhanced by Mg²⁺, and seriously inhibited by Zn²⁺ and SDS. Then the uox gene of B. fastidiosus OUC-1 was amplified and sequenced. The 3D structures of Uox, predicted with SWISS-MODEL, showed a homotetramer structure with a subunit molecular weight of 35.38 kDa. Finally, the gene coding for the B. fastidiosus Uox was successfully cloned and heterologously expressed in E. coli, which provides theoretical basis and technical support for improvement of Uox in the future.

Objective The experiment project was designed to explore the variation of NaI (Tl) gamma spectrometer channels with environmental temperature. ⁶⁰Co and ¹⁵²Eu were used to verify the reliability of the correction methods. Methods Two correction methods were applicated, which were curve fitting correction method and known measurement peak correction method. Results The experimental results showed that temperature changes had an effect on NaI (Tl) measured spectra peak. The relative peak will shift to the right at 5℃ by 9.6%, and to the left at 60℃ by 16%, with the reference temperature set at 25℃. The two methods are based on the channel change due to temperature changes, and they could effectively correct the temperature peak-drift. Conclusion In order to make the measured spectrum information accurate and reliable in field monitoring, it is suggested to monitor the environmental temperature so as to correct the measured data.

Objective To ensure the effectiveness and improve the capacity of laboratories in the measurement of γ spectra of radionuclides. Methods A statistical analysis was performed using relative deviation, accuracy, precision, and relative combined uncertainty for the nationwide assessment of radionuclide γ spectrum measurement. Results In the assessment from 2018 to 2020, our laboratory showed qualified or above results, and the performance in 2019 was excellent. The maximum relative deviation of 11 measurements from 2018 to 2020 was 18.01%. The assessment showed |Z_test|≤1 and U_test≤2.58 in 2018, |Z_test|≤1 and U_test≤1 in 2019, and U_test≤1 and U_rel≤20% in 2020. Conclusion Our laboratory employs the correct method for radionuclide γ spectrum measurement, and the analysis data are accurate and reliable.

Objective To develop a reasonable plan of monitoring personal internal exposure dose. Methods This paper introduced the methods of monitoring the individual dose and direct measurement of three representative radionuclides. Results The maximum monitoring periods were determined according to the radionuclide retention characteristics and the reporting standards and requirements, which were m(1)/m(T/2) ≤ 3 and m(T/2)/m(T) ≤ 3. The lower detection limit of the instrument was derived from the monitoring periods and the annual radionuclide intake limit, which should be lower than the derived method detection limit of the corresponding radionuclide. Then the measuring duration of the instrument that meets the corresponding conditions was derived from the derived method detection limit of the instrument and the maximum monitoring period. Conclusion Our results provide a reference for the formulation of a plan of monitoring personal internal exposure dose.

Objective To establishment a process of monitoring waste resin clearance in nuclear power plants, and to meet clearance requirements and simplify the monitoring work. Methods In accordance with the requirements specified in current laws, regulations, and standards in China, as well as the practice of slightly polluted waste resins generated during the operation of nuclear power plants, in-depth discussion was conducted on sampling methods, sample uniformity and representativeness tests, radiation monitoring contents and methods, and simplified monitoring processes, in order to accurately monitor the radionuclide activity of waste resins to be cleared. Results A process was established to monitor waste resin clearance in nuclear power plants. A total of 55 barrels of waste resins were cleared and the radiation levels met the requirements. Conclusion An effective clearance process can facilitate the sampling of representative resins, improve the accuracy of monitoring data, differentiate radioactive waste from cleared waste, and simplify the monitoring process. Our results provide a basis and reference for future waste resin clearance.

Objective To investigate the separation efficiency of three physical separation methods for gaseous ¹⁴C, namely membrane separation, adsorption separation, and low-temperature separation, to screen for the optimal separation method, and to provide a reference for the separation and enrichment of ¹⁴CO₂ in online monitoring of ¹⁴C. Methods The experimental plan was designed, and three devices were constructed for separation and purification experiments. The purity, recovery rate, and separation time of CO₂ separated by the three methods were analyzed. Results All the three methods achieved the separation of CO₂. Under certain conditions, 20 mL of sample gas was obtained. The separation time of membrane separation method was 0.5 hour, CO₂ gas with a sample purity of 0.0486%-0.0488%VOL was obtained, and the recovery rate was only 2.5%−12.7%. The separation time of MOF material adsorption separation method was 24−30 hours, CO₂ gas with a sample purity of 20.2%−47.5%VOL was obtained, and the recovery rate was 57.3%−63.2%. The separation time of low-temperature separation method was 3 hours, CO₂ gas with a sample purity of 96.0%−99.8%VOL was obtained, and the recovery rate was 81.5%−92.5%. Conclusion The purity and recovery rate of CO₂ with low-temperature separation method were higher compared to membrane separation method and MOF material adsorption separation method. The separation time of low-temperature separation method was moderate. The low-temperature separation method can provide a reference for the enrichment technology of ¹⁴C in the rapid measurement of gaseous ¹⁴C effluent.