No abstract available.
Amino Acid Sequence* ; HIV* ; Phenotype*

Wurfbainia villosa fruit is rich in volatile terpenoids, among which pinene is one of the main components and has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-tumor, and other pharmacological activities. This research group found that W. villosa fruits were rich in α-pinene by GC-MS, and terpene synthase(WvTPS63, formerly known as AvTPS1) with β-pinene as the main product was cloned and identified, but α-pinene synthase had not been identified. In this study, based on the genome data of W. villosa, we screened and found WvTPS66 with highly similar sequences to WvTPS63, identified enzyme functions of WvTPS66 in vitro, and performed a comparative analysis of sequence, catalytic function, expression pattern, and promoter with WvTPS63. Multiple sequence alignment showed that the amino acid sequences of WvTPS63 and WvTPS66 were highly similar and the conservative motif of terpene synthase was almost identical. In vitro enzymatic experiments on catalytic functions showed that both could produce pinene, and the main product of WvTPS63 was β-pinene, while that of WvTPS66 was α-pinene. Expression pattern analysis showed that WvTS63 was highly expressed in flowers, WvTPS66 was expressed in the whole plant, and the highest expression level was found in the pericarp, which indicated that it might be mainly responsible for the synthesis of α-pinene in fruits. In addition, promoter analysis revealed the presence of multiple regulatory elements related to stress response in the promoter regions of both genes. The findings of this study can provide a reference for the functional study of terpene synthase genes and new genetic elements for pinene biosynthesis.
Terpenes ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Anti-Bacterial Agents

No abstract available.
Amino Acid Transport System X-AG* ; Anesthetics* ; Glutamic Acid*

inhibitor, 2-aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH). The affinity of [14C]L-leucine uptake and the inhibition profiles of [14C]L-leucine uptake by various amino acids in the Saos2 cells were comparable with those for the LAT1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes. The majority of [14C]Lleucine uptake is, therefore, mediated by LAT1 in the Saos2 cells. These results suggest that the transports of neutral amino acids including several essential amino acids into Saos2 human osteogenic sarcoma cells are for the most part mediated by LAT1. Therefore, the Saos2 human osteogenic sarcoma cells are excellent tools for examine the properties of LAT1. Moreover, the specific inhibition of LAT1 in tumor cells might be a new rationale for anti-tumor therapy.
Amino Acid Transport System L* ; Amino Acids ; Amino Acids, Essential ; Amino Acids, Neutral ; Humans* ; Oocytes ; Osteosarcoma* ; Xenopus

Immunoblot analysis utilizing bovine sera from naturally or experimentally infected with Theileria sergenti were used to determine the immunodominant polypeptides of T. sergenti (Korea isolate).The previously recognized major bands, 18 kDa, 29 kDa, 34 kDa, and 45 kDa, were excised after electrophoresis and trasferred to PVDF membrane. The individual bands were sequenced. The 34 kDa polypeptide which was the most antigenic and immunogenic peptide was observed in the Western blot. However, Chou-Fasman prediction sites (antiginic site) for antigen determinants of the 45 kDa,34 kDa, 29 kDa and 18 kDa polypeptide were 6, 4, 2 and 0, respectively. However, the 45 kDa polypeptide showed no reaction with anti-T. sergenti hyperimmune serum.
parasitology-protozoa ; Theileria sergenti ; amino acid sequence ; synthetic peptide ; predicted antigenic value ; amino acid

The continuous growth and proliferation of cells are essential for the wound healing process, and the amino acid transporters plays an important role in the continuous growing and proliferating cells. Among the amino acid transport systems, the amino acid transport system L, which is a Na+/-independent neutral amino acid transport system, is a major route for providing living cells including tumor cells with neutral amino acids including several essential amino acids. In the present study, to elucidate the role of amino acid transport system L in the wound healing process, we investigated the expression pattern of LAT1 and LAT2 in the healing process after inflicting the wound on skin of rat. The expression of LAT1 was increased at 12 hours after inflicting the wound and was similar to the control group getting closer to 7 days. The expression of LAT2 was increased at 1 day and 3 days after inflicting the wound and was similar to the control group getting closer to 7 days. These results suggest that the LAT1 and LAT2 play important roles at the early stage and at the middle stage getting closer to normal skin in the wound healing process after inflicting the wound, respectively.
Amino Acid Transport System L ; Amino Acid Transport Systems* ; Amino Acids, Essential ; Amino Acids, Neutral ; Animals ; Rats* ; Skin* ; Wound Healing* ; Wounds and Injuries*

The WD40 domain exhibits a β-propeller architecture, often comprising seven blades. The WD40 domain is one of the most abundant domains and also among the top interacting domains in eukaryotic genomes. In this review, we will discuss the identification, definition and architecture of the WD40 domains. WD40 domain proteins are involved in a large variety of cellular processes, in which WD40 domains function as a protein-protein or protein-DNA interaction platform. WD40 domain mediates molecular recognition events mainly through the smaller top surface, but also through the bottom surface and sides. So far, no WD40 domain has been found to display enzymatic activity. We will also discuss the different binding modes exhibited by the large versatile family of WD40 domain proteins. In the last part of this review, we will discuss how post-translational modifications are recognized by WD40 domain proteins.
Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid

In industrial application of NAD(P)H-dependent dehydrogenases, NAD(H) has the advantages over NADP(H) in higher stability, lower price and wider recycling system. Recently, a meso-2,6-diaminopimelate dehydrogenase from Symbiobacterium thermophilum (StDAPDH) has been found to be a useful biocatalyst for the production of D-amino acids, but it requires NADP(H) as co-enzyme. To switch the co-enzyme specificity from NADP(H) to NAD(H), we studied the effect of Y76 on the co-enzyme specificity of StDAPDH, because the crystal structural analysis indicated that residue Y76 is near the adenine ring. The mutation of Y76 exerted significant effect on the co-enzyme specificity. Furthermore, the double mutant R35S/R36V significantly lowered the specific activity toward NADP+, and the combination of R35S/R36V with some of the Y76 mutants resulted in mutant enzymes favorable NAD+ over NADP+. This study should provide useful guidance for the further development of highly active NAD(+)-dependent StDAPDH by enzyme engineering.
Amino Acid Oxidoreductases ; chemistry ; Amino Acids ; Clostridiales ; enzymology ; Mutation ; NAD ; NADP ; Substrate Specificity

The 2 species of the genus Anoplocephala (Anoplocephalidae), A. perfoliata and A. magna, are among the most important equine cestode parasites. However, there is little information about their differences at the molecular level. The present study revealed that the mitochondrial (mt) genome of A. magna was 13,759 bp in size and 700 bp shorter than that of A. perfoliata. The 2 species includes 2 rRNA, 22 tRNA, and 12 protein-coding genes each. The size of each of the 36 genes was the same as that of A. perfoliata, except for cox1, rrnL, trnC, trnS2(UCN), trnG, trnH, trnQ, and trnP. In the full mitochondrial genome, the sequence similarity was 87.1%. The divergence in the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of individual protein-coding genes ranged from 11.1% to 16% and 6.8% to 16.4%, respectively. The 2 noncoding regions of the mt genome of A. magna were 199 bp and 271 bp in length, while the equivalent regions in A. perfoliata were 875 bp and 276 bp, respectively. The results of this study support the proposal that A. magna and A. perfoliata are separate species, consistent with previous morphological analyses.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Cestoda ; Genome ; Genome, Mitochondrial* ; Parasites ; RNA, Transfer

PURPOSE: To produce a new generation of artificial pulmonary surfactant(PS), surfactant protein (SP)-B from human PSwas isolated, and the amino acid sequences of these proteins were studied. Artificial peptides of human SP-B were synthesized. New artificial PS preparations which were cornposed of phospholopids and two artificial synthetic SP-B peptides were made, and the surface physical properties of these new PS preparations were tested. METHODS: The purities of SP-B were assessed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel and the amino acid sequences of these proteins were determined. We synthetized two peptides SP-1 and SP-2 and the amino acid sequences were as follows,' SP-1: RMLPQLVCRLVLRCSMD, SP-2: RMLP- QLVCRLVLRCSM. Surface physical properties of newly artificial PSs, which were composed of a mixture of phospholipid(PL) and SP-1 or SP-2(sample A; PL+SP-1, sample B; PL+SP-2), were measured by surface spreading, adsorption rate, and surface tension-area diagram. RESULTS: The amino acid sequence of human SP-B was obtained. We produced the artificial peptides of SP-B and prepared the new generation PS(sample A and sample B). The order of the superiority of spreading and adsorption rate was Surfacten Absorption ; Adsorption ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Humans ; Peptides* ; Pulmonary Surfactants