Crystallins are the major proteins found in the lens, and the localization of specific crystallins is well known. Overexpression and accumulation of alphaB-crystallin has been observed in response to stress conditions or in certain diseases, such as brain tumors and neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine whether alpha-crystallins are modified during pathological myofibroblastic changes in lens epithelial cells. Lens epithelial cells attached to the anterior capsules of patients with nuclear or anterior polar cataracts were analyzed quantitatively for alpha-crystallin proteins and mRNAs using Western blot and RT-PCR analysis., respectively. The degree of modification of alpha-crystallins was determined by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by Western blotting. Higher molecular weight protein bands that were immunoreactive to anti-alphaA- and anti-alphaB-crystallin antibodies around 45 kDa accumulated more in the anterior polar cataract samples than in those with the nuclear type of cataracts. Also monomeric alphaB-crystallins accumulated more in lens epithelial cells of patients with anterior polar cataracts. By comparison, no significant changes were found in the levels of the mRNAs encoding alphaA- and alphaB-crystallins in the different types of cataracts. Both alphaA- and alphaB-crystallin proteins seemed to undergo more extensive modification in anterior polar cataracts. Conclusion. In addition to fibrotic changes, which accompany increased levels of extracellular matrix molecules, accumulation and abnormal modification of alpha-crystallins might be implicated in the pathogenic mechanism of this type of cataract.
Adult ; Cataract/*genetics/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Female ; Human ; Lens, Crystalline/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; alpha-Crystallin A Chain/*genetics/metabolism ; alpha-Crystallin B Chain/*genetics/metabolism

<b>AIMb>Try to clarify the effects of HSF1 gene on the constitutively expressed alphaBC.

<b>METHODSb>To investigate the levels of constitutively expressed alphaB-Crystallin (alphaBC) in hsf1 knockout (hsf1 -/-) and hsf1 wild type (hsf1 +/+) mice myocardium by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.

<b>RESULTSb>The alphaBC levels in hsf1 -/- and hsf1 +/+ were 68.42% +/- 4.16%, 100% +/- 7.58%, respectively (P < 0.05, cytosolic fraction), and 20.53% +/- 1.01%, 37.55% +/- 1.91%, respectively (P < 0.05, pellet fraction). The alphaBC signals decreased significantly in hsf1 -/- myocardium compared with hsf1 +/+ myocardium stained with fluorescence immunohistochemistry.

<b>CONCLUSIONb>hsf1 is the important, but not the only factor, which mediates the constitutively expressed alphaBC.

Animals ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Heat Shock Transcription Factors ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; alpha-Crystallin B Chain ; genetics ; metabolism

alphaB-crystallin is a member of the sHSP (Small heat shock protein) family, which plays an impor tant role in multiple neurodegeneration diseases. To give insight into the possible alternation and the role of aB-crystallin in prion disease, the alphaB-crystallin levels in the brain tissues of agent 263K-infected hamsters were evaluated. Western blots and IHC revealed that at the terminal stages of the diseases, the levels of alphaB-crystallin were increased up to 3-fold in the brain tissues of scrapie infected 263K hamsters compared with normal controls. Immunofluorescent assays revealed that the up-regulated alphaB-crystallin was mainly observed in astrocytes, but not in neurons. The co-localization between alphaB-crystallin and abnormal deposition of PrPsc in the brain tissues of the scrapie infected hamsters was not observed. The study may provide a foundation for further revealing the potential role of alphaB-crystallin in prion disease.
Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cricetinae ; Humans ; PrPSc Proteins ; metabolism ; Prion Diseases ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Up-Regulation ; alpha-Crystallin B Chain ; genetics ; metabolism

An after-cataract is caused by the proliferation of residual cells over the equator of the lens. These cells subsequently migrate to the posterior lens capsule, where they undergo aberrant differentiation into fiber-like cells or transdifferentiation into fibroblast-like cells. To study the precise molecular mechanisms of transdifferentiation, an attempt was made to establish an in vitro system, in which the lens epithelial cells (LECs) of the pre-equatorial zone could be transdifferentiated into fibroblast-like cells. The required conditions for culturing the LECs were identified as consisting of four phases; intact bovine explants, explant-cultured, serum-modulated and additionally modulated LECs. The LECs of each phase were compared by examining changes in the expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) -related genes and changes in cellular morphology and adhesion. The explants that were cultured in a medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 2 weeks, showed changes in the expression of the EMT-related genes, although the other explant-cultured cells maintained an epithelial morphology. To introduce a transition into mesenchymal cells, the explant cultures were subcultured in a medium containing 20% FBS for six passages. These cells displayed an elongated morphology and were able to grow and migrate in a similar way to fibroblast cells. The expression of the EMT-related genes, such as, extracellular matrix proteins and integrins, was altered. This was similar to the alteration of the 3-dimensional collagen gels model previously reported. During a further process of EMT by additional serum modulation, the inhibitory effect of disintegrin on cell adhesion was gradually decreased, integrin expression was differentially regulated and alpha-smooth muscle actin was post-translationally modified from the point of passage number six. Overall, it can be concluded that terminal transdifferentiation accompanies changes in the cytoskeletal proteins and cell surface molecules. These are modulated in systematic patterns of post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation and patterns of gene regulation, by the synergic effects of several transforming factors contained in serum. Therefore, posterior capsular opacification may also be accompanied by this molecular mechanism.
Animals ; Blood Proteins/*pharmacology ; Cattle ; Cell Adhesion/drug effects ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Fibroblasts/*cytology/physiology ; Gene Expression/drug effects ; Lens, Crystalline/*cytology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; alpha-Crystallin A Chain/genetics ; alpha-Crystallin B Chain/genetics