Objective To investigate the clinical effect of rhubarb combined with smecta in the treatment of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (AOPP).Methods Seventy-six patients with severe AOPP admitted in the Emergency Centre of Heze Municiple Hospital in Shandong Province from June 2011 to June 2014 were enrolled in this study. They were divided into observation group and control group by the random number table method, 38 cases in each group. The comprehensive routine treatment of gastric lavage to thoroughly clear the gastric content, appropriate application of penehyclidine and atropine for detoxication, pralidoxime chloride, etc. were given to the two groups. On the basis of the above conventional treatment, the observation group was treated with rhubarb 30 g for catharsis and smecta 30 g for adsorption once in every 4 hours, two drugs applied alternately for 48 hours, while the control group was treated with 33% magnesium sulfate 60 mL for catharsis and bleaching clay 200 g for adsorption once in every 4 hours, two drugs applied alternately for 48 hours. The treatment effect, dosage, incidence of complication and case fatality rate in both groups were observed.Results The first defecation time (hours: 5.8±3.7 vs. 9.4±4.6), gastrointestinal function recovery time (hours: 21.7±6.1 vs. 25.2±8.3), atropinization time (minutes: 51.8±23.9 vs. 68.5±20.1), conscious recovery time (days: 2.3±1.2 vs. 3.6±1.9), the time of cholinesterase (ChE) activity returning to more than 50% (days: 4.7±2.3 vs. 6.1±2.9) and the length of stay in hospital (days: 9.2±4.9 vs. 12.3±6.9) were obviously shorter in the observation group than those of the control group (P < 0.05 orP < 0.01); the used dosage of atropine (mg: 234.3±37.1 vs. 265.7±31.4) and penehyclidine (mg: 19.2±14.3 vs. 36.7±25.4) and the incidence of adverse reactions of poisoning rebound [7.9% (3/38) vs. 31.6% (12/38)], intermediate syndrome [2.6% (1/38) vs. 18.4% (7/38)], delayed neuropathy [0 (0/38) vs. 15.8% (6/38)] in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05 orP < 0.01). No death occurred in both groups.Conclusion At present, the combination of smecta and rhubarb is a relatively good method of catharsis and adsorption to completely clear the gastrointestinal toxic residues inside the patients with AOPP, and it can reduce the amount of drugs used, the incidence of complications and the duration of hospital stay.

Purpose:To investigate the characteristic findi ngs for HPO in bone scintigraphy and evaluate the clinical significance of HPO i n lung diseases. Methods:~99mTc-MDP bone scintigram of 11 025 patients in Shanghai Chest Hospital were reviewed. Among them 75 HPO cases were confirmed by ~99mTc-MDP bone scan. The scintigrams and clinical evidences of these pat ients were retrospectively analyzed. Results:①In our study, bone scan disclosed two patterns: doubl e-stripe sign and symmetrically increased uptake in juxta-articular bone. The incidence were 96% and 2.6% respectively. Increased uptake along the cortical ma rgins of the long bone were more obvious in the lower than upper extremities.②H PO occurred principally in man more than 45 years old with smoking history excee ding 400 pack years. ③Digital clubbing and arthralgia were presented in 25(33.3 %) of the 75 patients with HPO. They may be the first sign of the intrathoracic tumors especially of bronchogenic carcinoma. ④We observed 72 HPO cases(96%) sec ondary to intrathoracic tumors including solitary pleural tumor, pulmonary metas tatic tumor, thymic carcinoma and bronchogenic carcinoma. The most common diseas e associated with HPO was bronchogenic carcinoma, which occurred in 90.7% of pat ients. The inflammatory pulmonary disease associated with HPO was unusual(4%), i ncluding bacterial pneumonia and tubclosis. ⑤The incidence of HPO in patients w ith bronchogenic carcinoma was 2.3%. The tumor was predominantly located in the periphery. HPO was more common in patients with adenocarcinoma(51.4%) and almost occurred in middle or low differentiated lung cancer(91.2%). There was no relat ionship between HPO and staging of tumor. Conclusions:Double-stripe sign was a main characteristic findi ng for HPO. The presence of HPO may predict the involvement of lung disease. HPO was mainly associated with intrathoracic tumors especially with lung cancer. Th e physicians should pay much attention to the syndrome.

In a twenty-five year period (1958—1983) ,there were 1255 children admited to this institute because of various kinds of burn injuries.The overall death rate was 4.7% (59 cases) .The causes of death were septicemia (30 cases),shock (17),cerebral edema and hernia(4),acute renal failure(4),severe burn wound scepsis(2),and complications resulting ftom severe inhalation injuries(2).The burned children were characterized by the following:1. Children made up 26.9% of all the burn patients admitted during the above-mentioned period.2. 64.06% of the children were younger than 5 years of age.3. Most injuries (64.46%) occurred in the hot season (foom May to September).4. 96% of the children were injured indoorly.5. The male to female ratio was 1.5:1.6. Scalding was the main cause of the barn injuries in those younger than 5 years of age,and it accounted for 81.76% of all the injuries.Since the death rate of burn patients is closely related to the extent of the burned area,a"1-3-5"category method for children burn cases is suggested as follows:1. Mild burns:The affected area is less than 10% TBSA.2. Moderate burns:The affected area is between 11～30% TBSA.3. Severe burns:The affected area is between 31～50% TBSA.4. Extreme severe burns:The affected area is more than 50% TBSA.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a quality control method for mitomycin nanoparticles(MMC-PBCA-NP) for injection.METHODS: The appearance of nanoparticles was observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM),and its particle size and particle size distribution were measured using Marvin Laser granulometer.The content of MMC in the nanoparticles was determined by HPLC.The related quality test of 3 batches of samples were performed in accordance with the quality standard of injections stated in the appendix of Chinese Pharmacopeia(2005 Edition),and investigate the preliminary stability of the preparation.RESULTS: The preparation was purplish pultaceous cake substance,and the drug-loading nanoparticles were globular in appearance,with the average particle size,the average encapsulation efficiency and the drug loading amount at 100.0 nm,85.8% and 7.0 %,respectively,all in conformity with the standard stated in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The preliminary stability of the preparation was good.CONCLUSION: The quality standard study on which serves as quality references for its industrialized production.

We administerd 13-item footedness and 13-item handedness tests to 150 healthy adults,among whom there were 36 minority subjects.The results suggest that the percentage of the right-handed is significantly higher than that of the right-footed.A further analysis shows that this difference is influenced by environmental and nonenvironmental factors.

This article probed the ethical demand and the professional moral of teachers, analyzed the problems in today's professional moral of teachers and meanwhile proposed some constructive suggestions about the professional moral of teachers and ethical demand.

Objective To monitor the lithium level in serum of patients who has taken lithium carbonate and analyze its influencing factor,to explore the relationship between lithium level in serum and chronic lithium intoxication.Methods The lithium level was determined by electrolytic analyzer with electrode method and results from September in 2011 to September in 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The lithium levels of 252 cases were 56cases (22％) under 0.6mmol/L,188 cases (75 ％) between 0.6-1.2mmol/L and 8 cases (3％) above 1.2mmol/L.179 cases (71％) were effective and 69 cases (27 ％) were ineffective,4 cases (2％) showed lithium toxic.The clinical therapeutic effect was improved with the concentration gradually in creasing,and the poisoning rate was getting higher.Plasma lithium concentration is closely related to hyperlipoidemia,hemolysis,nephropathy and the incidence seasons.Conclusion We should attach importance to the therapy drug monitoring dosage,clinical feature,and removing influencing factor which are the basis to guide the clinical medication.This way can adjust the dosage for individual administration.

The author briefs the main research progress and way of the new developed nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation(NAST).The definition,conditioning regimen ,graft versus host disease(GVHD),graft versus leukemia(GVL) effects and clinical research are disussed.NAST is developed from theories and ideas of tranditional allogeneic stem cell transplantation,is a new way for hematological diseases ,malignant tumors and congenital immunodeficiencies.The author proposes cooperative researches on problems related with NAST.

Objective To compare the application of National Standard GB/T 20470-2006 and Industry Standard WS/T 403-2012 in quality management of biochemical detection .Methods Comparison of indexes such as σ level ,quality goal index (QGI ) , priority improvement measure and performance evaluation were conducted in projects of external quality assessment launched in this department .Results Differences of performance evaluation showed no statistically significant between National Standard GB /T 20470-2006 and Industry Standard WS/T 403-2012(P= 0 .069) ,while their differences of σ value classification and priority im-provement measure were statistically significant (P were 0 .007 ,0 .012 ,respectively ) .Conclusion Industry Standard WS/T 403-2012 is more stringent than National Standard GB/T 20470-2006 .

Objective To analyze the clinical effects and pharmacoeconomics of ilaprazole in the treatment of reflux esophagitis.Methods 80 reflux esophagitis patients were selected as research subjects,who were divided into observation group and the control group,each group 40 cases according to the random number table.The observation group was given ilaprazole treatment,the dose for the 10mg/d;the control group received esomeprazole treatment,the dose for the 40mg/d.After 8 weeks of treatment,the clinical efficacy and cost of treatment of the two groups were compared.The ilaprazole clinical efficacy and pharmacoeconomics treatment of reflux esophagitis was explored.Results (1) After 8 weeks of treatment,symptom scores in patients of the observation group(0.7 ± 0.3)point,compared with before treatment(3.1 ± 0.8) point was significantly lower,the difference was statistically significant (t =16.7,P ＜0.01).The control group patients after symptom score(0.4 ±0.3) than before treatment(3.2 ±0.9) was also significantly reduced,the difference was statistically significant (t =18.6,P ＜0.01) ;there was no statistically significant in score after 8 weeks of treatment between the two groups(t =0.00,P ＞0.05).35 cases in the observation group had markedly effectiveness in 2cases,the total effective rate was 92.5％ ;36 cases in control group had markedly effectiveness in 2 cases,the total rate was 95％ ;efficiency of treatment of the two groups of patients was compared with that difference was not statistically significant(x2 =0.21,P ＞0.05).3) The analysis found that the observation group 34 cases were cured,improved in 2 cases,total effective rate was 90％ ;the control group,35 cases were cured,2 cases improved endoscopic efficacy in two groups of patients after 8 weeks of treatment,the total was 92.5％ ;4) There was no statistically significant difference in the efficiency of treatment of the two groups (x2 =0.15,P ＞0.05).The cost of treatment between the two groups was not statistically significant (t =0.99,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Ilaprazole has the similar clinical effect and cost with esomeprazole in the treatment of reflux esophagitis,and ilaprazole is an effective drug for treatment of reflux esophagitis.