No abstract available.
Bromocriptine* ; Dopamine Agonists* ; Dopamine* ; Fertility* ; Hyperprolactinemia* ; Lisuride*

This study was designed to determine the effect of electrical field stimulation (EFS) and adrenergic agonist on the contractility of vasectomized prostatic and epididymal segments at postvasectomized 2, 5 and 10 weeks, and to observe innervation changes of the vas deferens after vasectomy. The contractile response was recorded on a polygraph via force transducer and expressed as the g tension per 100 mg tissue. And we reviewed histopathologic sections stained with S-100 protein by light microscopy. The results were as follows: 1. In control groups, contractile responses of prostatic and epididymal segments to EFS (4, 8, 16, 32 &64 Hz) were gradually increased by increasing frequencies. But contractile responses of vasectomized epididymal segments to all frequencies of EFS declined. Contractile responses of vasectomized prostatic segments were significantly greater than that of vasectomized epididymal segments (p<0.05). 2. Contractile responses of epididymal segments to phenylephrine hydrochloride 0.00001M were significantly greater than that of prostatic segments (p<0.05). Contractile responses of prostatic segments were tend to decline. In epididymal segments, contractile response of post-vasectomized 5 weeks group was significantly greater than that of control and post-vasectomized 2 weeks groups (p<0.05). 3. In control and vasectomized prostatic segment, nerve bundles were strongly positive and intact histopathologically for the S-100 protein immunohistochemical stain. In epididymal segment, nerve bundles were intact in control group. However, vacuolar degeneration tend to be gradually increased and stained weakly by increasing duration in vasectomized epididymal segment. These results suggest that the progression of degenerative change of adrenergic innervation after vasectomy may play an important role in progressively decreasing contractility of the vas deferens after vasectomy.
Adrenergic Agonists ; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists* ; Animals ; Microscopy ; Phenylephrine ; Rats* ; S100 Proteins ; Transducers ; Vas Deferens* ; Vasectomy*

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of tetrahydrozoline (THZ) on the survival of cultured human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMC) and the permeability of HTMC monolayer. METHODS: Primary cultured HTMC were exposed to an adrenergic agonist (0.01, 0.1, 1.0 or 10 µM THZ) for 1 day and 3 days. Carboxyfluorescein permeability through the HTMC monolayer was measured using Transwell. Cellular viability and nitric oxide (NO) production were assessed using MTT and Griess assays, respectively. RESULTS: THZ did not affect the cellular survival (p > 0.05) or NO production (p > 0.05). THZ significantly increased the carboxyfluorescein permeability through the HTMC monolayer in a dose-dependent manner compared with non-exposed control (p < 0.05) after exposure for 1 and 3 days. CONCLUSIONS: THZ does not affect the survival of HTMC but decreases the permeability of HTMC monolayer in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, THZ may possibly decrease trabecular outflow.
Adrenergic Agonists ; Humans ; Nitric Oxide ; Permeability* ; Trabecular Meshwork*

Periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) have been diagnosed easily by nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG) and treated effectively with dopamine receptor agonist, benzodiazepine and opioid. However, few reports have objectively assessed the treatment responses. We treated a PLMS patient with clonazepam and pramipexole, and evaluated their efficacy with actigraphy. Clonazepam improved sleep quality without reducing frequency of limb movements, and pramipexole reduced frequency of limb movements without improving sleep quality, results which are consistent with previous study findings. Actigraphy proved useful in evaluation of treatment response of PLMS.
Actigraphy ; Benzodiazepines ; Clonazepam ; Dopamine Agonists ; Extremities* ; Humans ; Polysomnography

Parkinson's disease most often presents after age 60, and patients in this age group are best managed with levodopa therapy as the primary treatment modality. Unlike young-onset parkinsonism (onset Dopamine Agonists ; Dyskinesias ; Humans ; Levodopa ; Parkinson Disease ; Parkinsonian Disorders

Parkinson's disease most often presents after age 60, and patients in this age group are best managed with levodopa therapy as the primary treatment modality. Unlike young-onset parkinsonism (onset Dopamine Agonists ; Dyskinesias ; Humans ; Levodopa ; Parkinson Disease ; Parkinsonian Disorders

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have documented increased release of endothelin(ET) during acute attack of asthma. The purpose of this study is to observe the link between plasma level and urinary excretion of each and changes during acute exacerbation. METHOD: Plasma and 24 hour urine were collected from sixteen asthmatics during acute exacerbation, twice ; first day of symptomatic exacerbation and two weeks after treatment. Controls were ten healthy normal subjects. All patients were treated with corticosteroid and beta-2 adrenergic agonist on admission. ET was determined by radioimmmunoassay and had 100% cross reactivity with ET-1, 67% with ET-2, 84% with ET-3, and 8% with Big-ET. RESULTS: Plasma ETs were significantly elevated during acute attack of asthma compared with those in remission and controls. However, there was no significant changes in urine ET concentrations or total ET amounts in 24 hour urine during exacerbation upto two weeks. Those levels of urine ET in asthmatics were still higher than controls. ET concentrations in plasma or urine were not correlated with pulmonary functional parameters and hypoxemia. CONCLUSION: The findings suggests that increased plasma ETs are related with exaggerated release during acute asthma. Urinary ET excretion is increased in asthma. However, urine ET changes during exacerbation should be observed in a larger and longer scale.
Adrenergic Agonists ; Anoxia ; Asthma* ; Endothelin-2 ; Endothelins* ; Humans ; Plasma*

Humans ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Steroid ; agonists ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; physiology

Advanced Parkinson's disease is often characterized by poor control of motor features with rapid oscillations between being on, being on with severe dyskinesias, and being off or frozen. As PD progresses, effective symptom control becomes more challenging, and a more complicated drug-regimen may be needed.
OBJECTIVE: The objective was to perform a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of Rotigotine patch as treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease (PD).
METHODS: A systemic literature search was conducted through August 2009. Both the efficacy and srlery endpoints were evaluated.
RESULTS: The use of Rotigotine patch resulted in higher responder rates compared to placebo OR 0.37 (95% CI 0.35, 0.39). However, Rotigotine showed an adverse event profile similar to other dopamine agonists.
CONCLUSION: The use of Rotigotine patch is an effective treatment option for the management of advanced PD but demands more study.

Background: Current medical management of endometriosis leads to suppression of ovulation and will not be helpful for women with endometriosis who are desirous of pregnancy. Thus, drugs that can both treat endometriosis and its associated infertility are highly warranted. Objective: Anti-angiogenic agents are potential drugs for patients with endometriosis and infertility. Among these drugs, dopamine agonist (DA) is promising since it does not interfere with ovulation, is safe, and not teratogenic. The aim of the study is to determine the efficacy and safety of DA for improving reproductive outcomes in women with endometriosis and infertility. Methods: A qualitative narrative review was done from inception to July 31, 2022 using the appropriate MeSH terms in PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrial.gov, and World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Date analysis was through qualitative analysis and synthesis of researches and their outcome measures. Results: No studies used the core outcomes for trials evaluating treatments for infertility associated with endometriosis. All the included articles in the review supported the possible anti-angiogenic effects of DA on the vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] /VEGF receptor system. The use of DA does not have an effect on ovulation and menstrual cyclicity. Studies on safety profile of DA were consistent with existing data. Conclusion Most of studies reviewed demonstrated that DA were effective in reducing endometriotic lesions. However, further research is required to establish whether this anti-angiogenic effect can improve reproductive outcomes in women with endometriosis-associated infertility.
Endometriosis ; Dopamine Agonists ; Infertility ; Angiogenesis Inducing Agents ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors