Background: Succinylcholine is drug muscle relaxant the only depolarizing current can also be used in clinical. Objectives: The current study assessed the intubation condition and side effects of different doses of succinylcholine. Subjects and method: In a randomized, double blind trial, 90 patients were divided into 3 groups. 1, 1.5 or 2 mg/kg succinylcholine was added with Fentanyl and Thiopental for induction in group I, II and III, respectively. A rapid induction and postoperative myalgia were evaluated. Results: Fasciculation time as well as myalgia increased significantly by the doses. Intubation conditions were better in group II and III. Increase of kalemia was seen in all groups, but most significantly in group III (3,7 \xb1 0,3 vs 3,3 \xb1 0,2, p<0,05). Conclusion: 1, 1.5 or 2 mg/kg succinylcholine equally provided acceptable intubation condition. Succinylcholine 2 mg/kg induced more fasciculation, myalgia and increase of kalemia.
Succinylcholine/ adverse effects ; Intubation ;

Fluoroquilone induces tendinitis, tendinitis-synovitis and/or tendinous split (ciprofloxacine: 55 cases; norfloxacine: 4 cases; enoxacine: 1 case) contact dermatitis due to pro-Dafalgan drops in skin of health staffs during taking the drug. Meloxicam induces sinitis, cough, bronchial spasm, pain and pharyngitis. It should be taken care of risks of acute renal failure when using the immunoglobulines (acute renal functional insufficiency: 80 cases; death: 17 cases; severe depatitis with cell necrosis: 6 cases after using acarbofe within 2 - 8 months). Interferon induces depression (169 cases) and suicide (54 cases). Heparin reduces the aldosterone excretion
Pharmaceutical Preparations ; adverse effects

Among adverse drug reactions, the anaphylactic shock is most severe and easily causes death. The cause of anaphylactic shock can be drugs (especially antibiotics), intravenous solution, and allergy, poison and microbial, the data of the anaphylactic shock in hospitals throughout the country has been reported. In order to limit the adverse drug reactions, it should know the medical history as well as have ready the drugs and equipment for timely management.
adverse effects ; hospitals

Our study included 14 patients admitted to Bachmai hospital because of headache and hypertension after taking anti-cold preparations (Rhumenol Decolgen, Decolsin, and Medicoldac) from 3/2002 to 6/2002. These patients had no history of hypertension and took antiflu tablets according to instruction of manufacturers. On admission, all patients had hypertension with the maximum BP 190/120mmHg. The first-degree atrioventricular block was observed in 1 case. The adverse effects may be caused by overdose of phenylpropanolamine, a sympathomimetic agent. Our study is a warning of dangerous reality of broadly advertising, marketing and abusing drugs. The manufacturers should consider the amount of Phenylpropanolamine in anti-cold preparations to avoid the adverse effect.
Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Adverse effects

Spinal anesthesia with Marcaine 0.5%, for various kinds of operations was evaluated for complications. 90 patients were randomly allocated in to 2 groups: Group I: using isobaric Marcaine 0.5% and Group II: using hyperbaric Marcaine 0.5%, Patients were put on vigilant monitored for detecting effects on respiratory and cardiovascular system peri and postoperatively. Results: Group I and II showed significant different effects on cardiovascular system (P<0.05) by the deduction on blood pressure (>20%): group I: 2.22%; group II: 8.89% and the deduction on mean pulse: group I: 2.18 beat/minute; group II: 13.13 beat/minute. Affect on respiratory system was trivial in both groups. Other complications were not differ significantly (p<0.05) including: Nausea and vomit: group I: 2.22%; group II: 4.44%; Chill: group I: 2.22%; group II: 6.66%; Headache: group I: 4.44%; group II: 6.66%.
Anesthesia, Spinal ; Adverse effects

Alloys ; adverse effects ; Cobalt ; adverse effects ; Dust ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Tungsten ; adverse effects

Aim: To determine the efficacy and mode of action of hot and cold water extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus leaves against two strains of human herpes virus 1 (HHV-1) i.e. KOS-1 and acyclovir (ACV)-resistant UKM-1 (UKM-1) strains. Methodology and results: Hot and cold water extracts of O. stamineus were not cytotoxic to vero cells as determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay with 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) values of 3.4 and 3.3 mg/mL respectively. Antiviral activity was determined by plaque reduction assay in post-treatment, pre-treatment and virucidal assays followed by time-addition and time removal assay to relate with the stages during the viral infection cycle. Both extracts displayed antiviral activity against HHV-1 KOS-1 and HHV-1 UKM-1 strains with 50% effective concentration (EC50) values between 0.12-0.15 mg/mL in reducing plaque formation. The calculated selectivity indices (SI) were 23 and 28 for hot and cold water extract respectively, indicating that they have good potential as antiviral agent. The extracts were virucidal towards both HHV-1 KOS-1 and HHV-1 UKM-1 strains which may directly affects the virus structure. This is supported with the fact that exposure of the extracts inhibit viral attachment and penetration to the vero cells. In time-of addition assay, both extracts were effective during the early stage of virus infection cycle for HHV-1 KOS-1 strain which is in parallel with the results from the attachment and penetration studies. For HHV-1 UKM-1 strain, contact to the extracts at any time during post-infection inhibits virus replication and also progeny release. Conclusion, significance and impact of study Cold and hot water extracts of O. stamineus have good potential as antiviral agent against HHV-1 strain KOS-1 and more importantly against UKM-1 strain which is ACV-resistant. The extracts displayed virucidal effect and inhibition of early virus replication cycle involving viral attachment and penetration to cells.
Orthosiphon--adverse effects

Adult ; Benzene ; adverse effects ; Hearing ; drug effects ; Humans ; Noise, Occupational ; adverse effects ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are natural or man-made agents that interfere in some way with human or animal normal endocrine function, and even influence the endocrine function of their offspring. There are many kinds of EDCs, which are widely present in soil, water, and even food. This review elaborates the impact of EDCs on human and animal semen quality from the viewpoint of epidemiology and biology by focusing on pesticides, plasticizers and detergents.
Detergents ; adverse effects ; Endocrine Disruptors ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Pesticides ; adverse effects ; Plasticizers ; adverse effects ; Semen ; drug effects ; Semen Analysis

Benzene ; adverse effects ; Hearing ; Humans ; Noise, Occupational ; adverse effects