In the recent years, anesthesiology has been becoming a multidisciplinary specialty. It is a probably the only specialty which has developed far beyond its original objective- to relieve the pain of surgical procedures. Today, the anesthesiologist or anesthetist has involved himself in numerous activities outside of the operating theater. The unique training and knowledge of the present day anesthesiologist has encouraged him to go into the fields of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, disaster medicine, pulmonary therapy and critical care medicine, not only in the clinical areas but also in the research areas of these activities.
Human ; ANESTHESIOLOGY ; ANESTHESIA

This study of the clinical use of nalbuphine as a component of a balanced anesthesia technique was undertaken with the purpose of exploring the feasibility and safety of this drug as well as to establish possible guidelines for its use.
Human ; Child ; ANESTHESIA ; ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA ; NALBUPHINE ; HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS ; ALKALOIDS ; OPIATE ALKALOIDS ; MORPHINANS ; HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS WITH 4 OR MORE RINGS ; MORPHINANS ; HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS, BRIDGED-RING ; MORPHINANS ; POLYCYCLIC COMPOUNDS ; POLYCYCLIC HYDROCARBONS, AROMATIC ; PHENANTHRENES

BACKGROUND: This experimental, comparative, controlled study was conducted to assess whether morphine given locally could block the development of hyperalgesia and allodynia in a guinea pig bone damage model METHODS: Withdrawal responses to mechanical and thermal stimuli applied to the plantar surface of the hind paw were measured before and after bone damage. In separate groups of rats, the effects of administering morphine 150 mcg into the marrow cavity, and on the development of hyperalgesia and allodynia after bone damage were assessed. In another group of rats, naloxone 40 mcg (a mu-opioid anatagonist) was injected into the marrow cavity followed by morphine. RESULTS: In animals that received no treatment, hyperalgesia and allodynia peaked 2 hours after bone injury. Injection of morphine into the marrow cavity immediately after bone injury prevented the development of hyperalgesia and allodynia. Naloxone given into the marrow cavity before giving morphine blocked the antihyperalgesic effect of morphine. CONCLUSION: These findings provide further evidence that local application of morphine at the time of orthopedic surgery, bone graft or marrow harvesting may reduce the amount of postoperative pain. (Author)
Animal ; HYPERALGESIA ; MORPHINE ; GUINEA PIGS

In not a few instances have nuclear medicine physicians encountered persistent neck lesions in 131I whole body scintigraphy despite giving repeated radioactive iodine therapy. Interpreting these lesions as still thyroid remnants served as a dilemma. This is a case of a 37-year-old female with papillary thyroid cancer. 131I whole body scans done before and one year after radioactive iodine therapy showed persistent and unchanged neck lesions. Further imaging with SPECT/CT showed laryngeal skeleton involvement. Rarity of vascular and lymphatic spread to the larynx has led to a small number of reported cases. Neck lesions should not always be immediately diagnosed as thyroid remnants.
Human ; Female ; Adult ; WHOLE BODY IMAGING ; DIAGNOSIS ; DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES ; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING

In the Philippine setting, hospitals, particularly government, provincial and regional hospitals are equipped with general body scanners. Ophthalmic ultrasound particularly the ocular B-scan ultrasound is not available. Can a B-scan general body ultrasound be used for visualizing gross intra-ocular disease? It is the objective of this study to describe the usefulness of a 7.5MHz general body ultrasound in detecting and supporting diagnosis for specific intra-ocular conditions. After a thorough history and physical examination, a total of 11 eyes were examined with diagnosis of retinal detachments, vitreous hemorrhage, dislocated lens, intra-ocular foreign body and a normal eye for comparison. All examinations were done by only one senior radiology resident. Results obtained from the 7.5MHz transducer were compared to either an ophthalmic B-scan ultrasound, X-rays or as reported by direct visualization. The result of this study is encouraging because the 7.5MHz B-scan general body ultrasound transducer was able to help in the diagnosis of intraocular diseases and intraocular foreign bodies especially when the posterior pole was not visible.
Human ; ECHOGRAPHY ; EYE ; OPHTHALMOLOGY ; OPHTHALMOSCOPY ; ULTRASONOGRAPHY

A colleague asked me whether the Philippine Journal of Allied Health Sciences permits the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) among the manuscripts that we review. The default answer is general prohibition. In fact, previously, PJAHS made a stand forbidding AI (i.e., ChatGPT) as an author of the articles we handle and publish.1 Since then, other Generative AI (Gen-AI) has been proliferated, further challenging the status quo on the use of Gen-AI in research and how publishing science approaches this issue.

BACKGROUND: Family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of risk factors for that in future a subject can develop diabetes. Insulin resistance (IR) is important in the pathogenesis of T2DM. There is evidence that oxidative stress plays an important role in the etiology and/or progression of diabetes. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) participates in developing of inflammation. The objective was to investigate if MPO is associated with IR and inflammation in individuals with first-degree relatives of T2DM. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in 84 overweight individuals with family history of T2DM divided in two groups according to IR, group with IR (homeostasis model assessment [HOMA] > or =2.5; n=43) and control group (CG; HOMA <2.5; n=41). Complete clinical history and a venous blood sample were collected for measuring glucose and lipids profile, insulin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), MPO, glutathione reductase (GRd), glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. RESULTS: MPO, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 were higher in patients with IR than in CG (MPO: 308.35 [190.85 to 445.42] vs. 177.35 [104.50 to 279.85], P=0.0001; TNF-alpha: 13.46 [10.58 to 18.88] vs. 9.39 [7.53 to 11.25], P=0.0001; IL-6: 32.93 [24.93 to 38.27] vs. 15.60 [12.93 to 26.27]; P=0.0001, respectively). MPO was associated with IR (rho de Spearman=0.362, P=0.001). In the analysis of lineal regression, MPO predicts IR (beta, 0.263; t, 2.520; P=0.014). In the univariate analysis, MPO had an odds ratio of 9.880 for risk of IR (95% confidence interval, 2.647 to 36.879). CONCLUSION: MPO had relation with IR and inflammation parameters in overweight subjects with first-degree relatives of T2DM. We need studies on a casual relationship and molecular mechanisms among the increased serum MPO levels, inflammation markers, and IR.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; Glucose ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; Glutathione Reductase ; Humans ; Inflammation* ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance* ; Interleukin-6 ; Odds Ratio ; Overweight* ; Oxidative Stress ; Peroxidase* ; Risk Factors ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

PURPOSE: To identify the most frequent natural tooth colors using the Easyshade Compact (Vita -Zahnfabrik) spectrophotometer on a sample of the Spanish population according to the 3D Master System. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The middle third of the facial surface of natural maxillary central incisors was measured with an Easyshade Compact spectrophotometer (Vita Zahnfabrik) in 1361 Caucasian Spanish participants aged between 16 and 89 years. Natural tooth color was recorded using the 3D Master System nomenclature. The program used for the present descriptive statistical analysis of the results was SAS 9.1.3. RESULTS: The results show that the most frequent dental color in the total sample studied is 3M1 (7.05%), followed by the intermediate shade 1M1.5 (6.91%) and 2L1.5 (6.02%). CONCLUSION: According to the research methodology used, and taking into account the limitations of this study, it can be proposed that the most frequent color among the Spanish population is 3M1; the most common lightness group is 2; the most frequent hue group according to the 3D Master System is M and the most frequent chroma group is 1.5.
Incisor ; Research Design ; Spectrophotometry* ; Tooth*

Hypersensitivity drug reactions (HDR) consist of an individual abnormal response with the involvement of the immunological system. In addition to specific immunological mechanisms where specific antibodies or sensitised T cells participate, release of inflammatory mediators by non-specific immunological recognition may also occur. Within this category are one of the most common groups of drugs, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In addition to chemical drugs new emerging ones with an increasing protagonism are biological agents like humanised antibodies and others. For IgE dependent reactions both in vivo and in vitro tests can be used for the immunological evaluation. Sensitivity of these is not optimal and very often a drug provocation test must be considered for knowing the mechanism involved and/or establishing the diagnosis. For non-immediate reactions also both in vivo and in vitro tests can be used. Sensitivity for in vivo tests is generally low and in vitro tests may be needed for the immunological evaluation. Immunohistochemical studies of the affected tissue enable a more precise classification of non-immediate reactions. The monitorization of the acute response of the reactions has given clues for understanding these reactions and has promising results for the future of the immunological evaluation of HDR.
Antibodies ; Biological Agents ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunoglobulin E ; T-Lymphocytes

No abstract available.
Diabetes Mellitus* ; Herpes Zoster*