1.Determination of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome of Rat Model of Follicular Dysplasia Induced by Tripterygium Glycosides Based on Prescriptions via AMPK/mTOR/HIF-1/VEGF Pathway
Yingying HU ; Xuejuan LIN ; Zushun ZHUO ; Shanshan DING ; Mengting ZHANG ; Guorong LIN ; Long ZHU ; Yuyu XIE ; Yan XIONG
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2024;30(14):46-54
ObjectiveTo determine the syndrome of a rat model of follicular dysplasia induced by Tripterygium glycosides based on prescriptions and investigate the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine intervention via the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. MethodForty-eight rats with regular estrous cycles were randomly assigned into a normal group (n=8) and a modeling group (n=40). The rats in the modeling group were administrated with Tripterygium glycoside suspension (75 mL·kg-1) by gavage for 30 days. The modeled rats were assigned into model, Siwutang (3.69 g·kg-1), Youguiyin (3.11 g·kg-1), Zuoguiyin (7.29 g·kg-1), and Guishenwan (10.35 g·kg-1) groups, with 8 rats in each group. The drug intervention lasted for 14 days. The changes of estrous cycle were detected by Pap staining, and a stereoscope was used to observe the morphology of the ovarian tissue. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to observe the pathological changes and follicle count in the ovarian tissue. Enzyme-related immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol (E2) in the serum. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were employed to determine the mRNA and protein levels, respectively, of AMPK, mTOR, HIF-1, and VEGF in the ovarian tissue. ResultCompared with the normal group, the model group had a disordered estrous cycle, reduced secondary and mature follicles, increased atretic follicles, elevated FSH and LH levels, lowered E2 level, up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of AMPK, and down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of mTOR, HIF-1, and VEGF (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, Guishenwan increased secondary and mature follicles, decreased atretic follicles, lowered the FSH and LH levels, elevated the E2 level, down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of AMPK, and up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of mTOR, HIF-1, and VEGF (P<0.01). Compared with Guishenwan group, Siwutang, Youguiyin, and Zuoguiyin decreased mature follicles, increased atretic follicles (P<0.01), elevated the LH (P<0.01) and FSH (P<0.05) levels, and lowered the E2 level (P<0.05). In addition, Youguiyin up-regulated the protein level of AMPK (P<0.05) and down-regulated the mRNA levels of mTOR and HIF-1 (P<0.01) as well as the mRNA and protein levels of VEGF (P<0.01). Siwutang down-regulated the mRNA levels of mTOR and HIF-1 as well as the mRNA and protein levels of VEGF (P<0.05). Zuoguiyin down-regulated the mRNA level of mTOR and the protein and mRNA levels of VEGF (P<0.05). ConclusionGuishenwan may improve the ovarian function and promote follicle maturation in a rat model of follicular dysplasia by inhibiting the AMPK/mTOR/HIF-1/VEGF pathway, with the therapeutic effect superior to Zuoguiyin, Youguiyin, and Siwutang. It was hypothesized that this model presented the syndrome of kidney-essence deficiency.