Current bioprosthetic heart valves implanted with viable human cells can be categorized into two basic designs, tissue engineering heart valve and porcine aortic valve implanted with viable human cells. Tissue engineering heart valve is constructed by seeding a synthetic polyglycolic acid fiber based biodegradable scaffold with viable human autologous cells. The fibroblasts are first seeded on valve scaffold. When the fibroblasts reached confluence, endothelial cells are seeded onto the surface of leaflets and grown into a single monolayer. Porcine aortic valve implanted with viable human cells is generated by removing native cells from tissue and then repopulating the tissue with viable human autologous cells. The method of removing native cells from fresh porcine aortic valve comprises subjecting the valve tissue to a hypotonic/hypertonic treatment, then treating the valve tissue with an enzyme-based solution. Isolated cell lines are cultured and thereafter such a valve matrix is implanted with fibroblasts, followed by endothelial cells. Bioprosthetic heart valves implanted with viable human cells do not produce and adverse immune response by the recipient upon implant, and possesses the regenerative capabilities.

【Objective】 To study the serological characteristics and genetic background of 20 samples with ABO blood group discrepancies in Shenyang. 【Methods】 Serological test, polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) and sequencing of the full coding of ABO gene and the Intron 1 were conducted in 20 samples with ABO blood group discrepancies. 【Results】 Ten subtypes (Am, Bw, Bx, B3,, A2B, AxB, A2Bw, A2Bx, AwB and ABw) were detected in 20 samples, with AB subtype as the dominant. Sixteen ABO alleles were found, including 5 common alleles (A1.01, A1.02, B. 01, O. 01.01 and O. 01.02), nine rare alleles (AW.37, BW.03, BW.08, B3.07, cisAB.02, cisAB.03, cisAB.06, BA.04 and O. 01.04) and two novel alleles (AM.03 and cisAB.07). The AM.03 allele had a nucleotide change at position 912 (C to A) compared with A1.02 allele, which resulted in an amino acid substitution (S304R). The cisAB.07 allele was observed a missense mutation at position 797 (T to C) which resulted in an amino acid substitution (M266R) compared with B. 01 allele. The serologic had been changed, and both A antigen and B antigen were expressed. 【Conclusion】 The study revealed the genetic background of 20 samples with ABO blood group discrepancies, and two new alleles as ABO*AM.03 (912 C to A) and ABO*cisAB.07 (797 T to C) were first reported.