Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a clinical syndrome of multi-system physiological disorder after acute exposure to low pressure and low oxygen at high altitude. Quantitative proteomics can systematically quantify and describe protein composition and dynamic changes. In recent years, quantitative proteomics has been widely used in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and pathogenesis of many diseases. This review summarizes the progress of quantitative proteomics techniques and its application in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment of AMS and mechanisms of rapidly acclimatizing to plateau, in order to provide a reference for the pathogenesis, early intervention, clinical treatment and proteomic research of AMS.
Humans ; Altitude Sickness/prevention & control* ; Proteomics ; Acute Disease ; Oxygen/metabolism*

ObjectiveTo compare the short-term effectiveness of the three different manipulations for atlantoaxial joint disorders and their effects on surface electromyography of sternocleidomastoid muscle. MethodsNinty patients with atlantoaxial joint disorders were randomly divided into the tendon relaxing manipulation group， the tendon relaxing plus rehabilitation manipulation group， and the conventional manipulation group， with 30 cases in each group， and each group of patients received the corresponding manipulation treatment for 2 weeks. The changes of visual analogue score （VAS） of occipital neck pain， evaluation scale for cervical vertigo （ESCV）， and averaged electromyography （AEMG） of surface electromyography of bilateral sternocleidomastoid muscles before and after the treatment were observed， and the clinical effectiveness and safety of the patients were compared among groups. ResultsThe VAS scores of patients in each group decreased， and the ESCV scores increased after treatment （P＜0.01）， and the tendon relaxing manipulation group and the tendon relaxing plus rehabilitation manipulation group were significantly better than the conventional manipulation group （P＜0.01）. The AEMG of the bilateral sternocleidomastoid muscles of the three groups increased after treatment （P＜0.01）； when compared among the three groups， the AEMG of the bilateral sternocleidomastoid muscles of the tendon relaxing plus rehabilitation manipulation group was higher than that of the tendon relaxing manipulation group， and the tendon relaxing manipulation group was higher than that of the conventional manipulation group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The cure and markedly effective rates of the tendon relaxing manipulation group， the tendon relaxing plus rehabilitation manipulation group， and the conventional manipulation group were 56.67%， 86.67%， and 36.67% respectively， showing statistically difference （K=10.21， P＜0.01）. ConclusionThe tendon relaxing manipulation and tendon relaxing plus rehabilitation manipulation can effectively improve the symptoms of vertigo， headache， and neck pain for patients with atlantoaxial joint disorders， and can improve the contraction function of sternocleidomastoid muscle， whose effectiveness are better than that of conventional manipulation.