Objective To understand the incidence and mortality of malignancies as well as tumor burden of Shouyang County, Shanxi Province in 2012. Methods According to the review methods and the standards from the National Cancer Registry, the data of the incidence and mortality of malignant tumors in Shouyang County in 2012 were collected, collated and statistically analyzed. Results There were 389 new malignancies cases of Shouyang County in 2012, including 210 males and 179 females. The incidence rate was 187.61/100000 (190.00/100000 in males and 184.88/100000 in females). There were 263 death cases , including 164 males and 99 females. The mortality rate was 126.84/100000 (148.38/100000 in males and 102.25/100000 in females). The top 10 incidence of malignancies of the whole county was followed by lung cancer, cervical cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, colorectal anal cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, gallbladder cancer and uterus cancer, accounting for 86.12 ％ of the overall malignant cancers. The top 10 death malignancies of the whole county was followed by lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, Hodgkin disease, leukemia, colorectal cancer, bone cancer, brain tumor and pancreatic cancer, accounting for 87.45 ％ of the overall malignant cancers. Conclusion Lung cancer ranks first in the incidence and mortality of malignant tumors of Shouyang County, Shanxi Province, and the prevention and control of major tumors should be strengthened.