Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is characterized by recurrent wheals with severe itching, and greatly affects the life quality of patients. The European guideline on chronic urticaria recommends the anti-IgE monoclonal antibody omalizumab as the only third-line therapy for patients with CSU whose condition can not be controlled by high doses of antihistamines. Although a lot of researches have shown that omalizumab is effective and safe for the treatment of CSU, its therapeutic mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. This review summarizes therapeutic mechanisms of omalizumab in the treatment of CSU, and indices for predicting and monitoring its clinical efficacy.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) has become the main cause of chronic liver disease in children worldwide, and the incidence of NAFLD shows an increasing trend year by year. The risk factors leading to the onset of NAFLD in children are diversified and different from those in adults. At present, most medical institutions still pay little attention to NAFLD in children. This paper summarizes the risk factors and mechanisms for NAFLD in children, including gene polymorphism, maternal and fetal conditions, diet and living habits, environmental exposure, metabolic syndrome, endocrine-related mechanisms and intestinal microecology, in order to provide reference for the prevention and management of childhood NAFLD.