Objective To investigate the features of executive functions(EFs) of children with Tourette's syndrome(TS).Methods Several EFs such as working memory,attention and inhibition,flexibility,planning and diversion were measured in TS group(53 child patients) and control group(51 healthy children) with the Visual Figure Memory Tests,Fluency Tests,Stroop Tests(C and CW),Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST).Results Compared to control group,the patients with TS had significant poor executive performances in Visual Figure Memory Tests,Fluency Tests,Stroop Tests and WCST(all P

0.05) in treating depression symptoms, but the marked effective rate of mirtazapine group and sertraline group were 78.8% and 43.6% (P

AIM: To study the clinical efficacy and safety of venlafaxine in the treatment of depression.　METHODS: One hundred and thirty-one patients with depression were randomly divided into 3 groups: venlafaxine group of 43 patients (M23, F20; age 39 a± s 12 a) was treated with venlafaxine, 25-100 mg, po, bid for 6 wk; imipramine group of 43 patients (M 21, F 22; age 38 a±11 a) was treated with imipramine, 25-75 mg,po, bid for 6 wk; sertraline group of 45 patients (M 25, F 20; age 40 a±12 a) was treated with sertraline, 50-100 mg, po, qd for 6 wk.　RESULTS: The total clinical effective retes were 88% for venlafaxine group, 91% for imipramine group and 89% for sertraline group (P>0.05). The adverse reactions in venlafaxine group were lower than that in imipramine group, but were higher than that in sertraline group.　CONCLUSION: Venlafaxine is a safe and effective drug for treatment of depression.

Objective To approach the therapeutic effects and complication of combined induction chemo-therapy and hyperfraetionated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods Form January 2000 to November 2002,101 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated by combined induction chemotherapy and hyperfrac-tionated radiotherapy.For hyperfraetionated radiotherapy,y-ray from 60 Co were performed and two daily fractions of 1.2Gy were given,with an interval of≥6 hours,5 days per week to a median dose of 7255cGy for nasopharynx and 7201cGy for neck.For induction chemotherapy,carboplatin and 5-fluorouraeil were transfused.Results The inci-denee rate of greater than or equal to the third grade acute mucositis was 24.8%.The complete remission rate after treatment was 83.2%.The 1,2 and 5 year survival rate was 90.1%,82.2%-and 57.4%.Conclusion With this treatment schedule,patient's tolerance and therapeutic effect is good.It provids a treatment means for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.But it must be validated by the large-scale clinical trials.

OBJECTIVE To observe Staphylococcus aureus(SAU) infection at high altitude and plain after gunshot injury. METHODS Used 7.62mm bullets to injure posterior limbs of piglets with the same age.We got contusing tissues in different time after injury,to make bacteriologic examination,identify and make a statistic analysis of SAU. RESULTS The main infection was caused by SAU after gunshot injury in two regions.From contusing tissues in two regions,the rate of contamination caused by SAU in Chongqing and Lasa was 48% and 18%,respectively.The time of SAU colonization was 3 hours at high altitude,and less 3 hours at plain.The velocity of reproduction of SAU at high altitude for 12 hours was 5-6 passages,and at plain was 4-6 passages for 3-6h.The time of remaining relative steady state between tissues and germs was 48 hours at high aititude and 24 hours at plain.The difference of the number of SAU between two regions after injury 3-36 hours was significant,But after 36 hours the difference was unsignificant. CONCLUSIONS At high altitude region,SAU is the main germ that causes contamination after gunshot injury,the velocity of reproduction of SAU is slower than that at plain,the time of infection is delayed obviously.

Objective To investigate the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the phasing and grading of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) complicated with vena cava tumor thrombus (VCTT).Methods From December 2011 to September 2015,a total of 72 patients (52 males,20 females,age:36-74 years) were enrolled in this retrospectively study.All patients underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT studies,and were diagnosed as RCC.The RCC patients combined with VCTT were classified by Mayo-level.Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the grading of VCTT by PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT.NM staging on abdominal area level was performed and the results were compared with x2 test.Results VCTT was identified in 18 RCC patients and the grading results by PET/CT were as follows:9 cases in Level 0,4 cases in Level Ⅰ,2 cases in Level Ⅱ,1 case in Level Ⅲ,and 2 cases in Level Ⅳ.When evaluated by PET/CT,20 cases were in N0M0,21 were in N1M0,9 were in N0M1,and 22 were in N1M1.NM staging results by contrast-enhanced CT were as follows:50 cases in N0M0,10 in N1M0,10 in N0M1,and 2 in N1M1.In addition,2 N1 and 2 M1 were found by the whole body PET/CT.The classification results of VCTT and staging of abdominal level by PET/CT were significantly better than those by contrast-enhanced CT (z=-2.462,P＜0.05;x2=32.806,P＜0.01).Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT is not only valuable for detecting primary RCC and local metastasis,but also useful for finding where the VCTT extends,which is conducive to therapeutic planning and further clinical treatment.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of sympathetic skin response ( SSR) and P300 event-related potentials (ERP) in depression patients. Methods The SSRs and ERPs of 46 depressed patients and 42 normal healthy people were measured. Results Abnormal rates of SSR were observed in 84. 8% of the depressed group (39/46) and 78.3% (36/46) of the controls. Compared with those in the control group, the latency and amplitude of the SSRs were significantly longer and lower in the depressed group. Abnormal ERPs were observed in 89. 1% of the depressed group(41/46) compared with 78. 3% of the controls (36/46). The latency of N2 and P3 and the amplitude of P3 in the ERPs of the depressed patients were longer and lower in comparison with those in the control group. Hence there was a significant difference between two groups. There was a high positive correlation between N2 and P3 latency in the ERPs and the SSR readings in the depressed group, and between amplitude of P3 and SSR, while there was a significant negative correlation between latency and amplitude in the two indexes of P300 and SSR in the depressed group. Conclusion SSR and ERP have remarkable clinical value as diagnostic indexes for depres-

Objective:To explore the effects of laser irradiation parameters (irradiation frequency and single duration) on tear secretion, lens and retina.Methods:Thirty-six healthy guinea pigs were randomly divided into 6 groups with random number table method according to different frequency and single exposure duration of laser to the eye, namely, high frequency short time (HFST) group, high frequency long time (HFLT) group, medium frequency short time (MFST) group, medium frequency long time (MFLT) group, low frequency short time (LFST) group and low frequency long time (LFLT) group, 6 for each group.The right eyes were irradiated with 500 lx laser as experimental eyes, and the left eyes of the guinea pigs served as the control eyes.The high, medium and low irradiation frequencies were defined as 15 times, 10 times and 5 times, respectively, and the short and long period was defined as 30 seconds and 60 seconds each time, respectively.The right eyes were irradiated based on the grouping at a 10-minute interval.The tear secretion was detected by SchirmerⅠtest; lens opacity was assessed under the slit-lamp microscope; fundus photography was performed to evaluate the general morphology of retina; retinal function was evaluated by electroretinogram (ERG) record and the thickness of retinal outer nuclear layer was measured by histopathology examination.This study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Air Force Military Medical University (No.20181203), and the use and care of the experimental animals complied with the ARVO statement.Results:The tear secretion was 8.00(7.37, 9.00), 8.75(8.25, 9.00), 8.50(7.75, 9.50), 9.00(8.50, 9.50), 8.00(7.37, 8.75) and 8.25(7.75, 8.75) mm/5 min in the HFST group, HFLT group, MFST group, MFLT group, LFST group and LFLT group, respectively, without significant difference among the groups(χ 2=5.502, P=0.240); after laser irradiation, there were no statistically significant differences in tear secretion between the control eyes and laser-irradiated eyes in all the groups (all at P>0.05). The lenses were clear and the fundus was normal through the experimental duration in all the groups.The amplitude of ERG a-wave was significantly reduced in the HFST group in comparison with the LFST group (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the b-wave amplitude among the six groups (F=1.358, P=0.268). The ERG a-, b-wave amplitudes were not significantly different between the control eyes and laser-irradiated eyes in various groups (both at P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the thickness of the outer nuclear layer of retina among the HFST group, HFLT group, MFST group, MFLT group, LFST group and LFLT group (F=0.952, P=0.463). Conclusions:The 500 lx laser irradiation is safe to ocular surface and lens, but there are some injuries to retinal function, and the injury degree is related to laser irradiation frequency.

Objective To investigate the mediating effects of neurotic personality between parental rearing patterns and depressive symptom.Methods Using multistage sampling method,982 town middle-school students were surveyed by the Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90),the Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran (EMBU),the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ).Correlation and regression analysis,mediating effect test,and structural equation model were constructed.Results ①)Depressive symptom (D) (1.73 ± 0.72) was significantly associated with Neurotic personality (N) (51.50± 11.37) and parental rearing patterns (r=-0.138-0.582,P＜0.01).②N,mother's rejection and deny(M3),father's emotional warmth and understanding(F1),father's over-protection(F6) had a direct effect on D,which can explain 41.6％ of the variance.F1,F6,mother's over-interference and over-protection(M2),M3 had a direct effect on N,which can explain 15.3％ of the variance.The mediating effect of N between F1,F6,M2 and D were significant(95％CI =-0.212--0.069,-0.351--0.233,0.414-0.480).③The explanation for D was 41.3％.N had completely mediating effect between M2 and depressive symptom.N had partial mediating effect between F1,F6 and D,and the proportion was 43.6％ and 49.1％.Conclusion Neurotic personality plays a mediating role between parental rearing patterns and depressive symptom in middle-school students.

Objective To establish a central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) model on different strains of rabbits by intravenous injection of adrenaline,which may contribute to related researches of CSC.Methods This study was approved by Bioethics Committee of Fourth Military University and complied with Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Visual Research.Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) was initially performed on male New Zealand white rabbits (10),Belgium rabbits (5) and Chinchilla rabbits (10) to make sure that the retinas of subjects were normal.For the New Zealand white rabbits,adrenaline was injected via ear vein at a dose of 0.04 mg/kg once per day for the first 8 weeks and followed by a dose of 0.08 mg/kg for the next 4 weeks,while 0.04 mg/kg adrenaline was injected in the same way for 8 weeks in the Belgium rabbits and Chinchilla rabbits.FFA was performed every week after injection of adrenaline to evaluate the fluorescence leakage in ocular fundus.New Zealand white rabbits were sacrificed in 4 (3 rabbits),8 (3 rabbits) and 12 weeks (4 rabbits) after injection respectively,and Belgium rabbits and Chinchilla rabbits were sacrificed in the 8 weeks after injection.The eyeballs of the rabbits were enucleated to prepare the retinal sections for histopathological examination after hematoxylin-eosin staining.The results of FFA and retinal structure were compared among different strains of rabbits.Results No fluorescence leakage was found by FFA in ocular fundus,and the retinal structure was normal in all the 10 New Zealand white rabbits during the experiment.Fluorescence leakage was found by FFA in 2 Belgium rabbits at 1 week and 2 weeks after injection respectively,and retinal detachment and depigmentation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with an enlarged intercellular space were shown by hematoxylin-eosin staining.For the Chinchilla rabbits,fluorescence leakages were found in 7 rabbits throughout the whole period of adrenaline administration.Circumscribed retinal detachment,depigmentation of RPE with enlarged intercellular space were also found in leakage lesions.Conclusions Repeated intravenous injection of adrenaline can induce CSC-like lesions in colored rabbits but not in albino rabbits.