Objective To explore the cut-off value of three dimensional(3D)vena contracta area(VCA)in diagnosing severe tricuspid regrugitation(TR)under different etiologies and its accuracy and practicality in clinical application.Methods From Mar 2019 to May 2021,ninety-two patients with confirmed TR underwent two dimensional(2D)and 3D transthoracic echocardiography.The correlation and consistency between 3D VCA 3D calculated based on the proximal isokinetic surface area(PISA)effective regurgitant orifice area(EROA)was calculated.Comprehensive 2D multi-parameter method was used as a reference method to calculate the cut-off value of the diagnosis of severe TR.Results A total of 85 patients were ultimately included.3D VCA and 3D PISA EROA had similar and acceptable correlations in both primary TR and secondary TR(primary TR:r=0.831,P<0.01;secondary TR:r=0.806,P<0.01).Bland-Altman analysis showed that 3D VCA overestimated TR compared with 3D PISA EROA(62%overestimated in the total patient population,51%overestimated in primary TR,and 74%overestimated in secondary TR).In secondary TR,the cut-off value of 3D VCA for diagnosing severe TR was 0.45 cm2(sensitivity 89%,specificity 82%);combining clinical symptoms,positive 2D PISA EROA results and 3D VCA results for severe TR,the chi-square value was higher than those only included clinical symptoms or incorporated clinical symptoms and positive 2D PISA EROA results(42.168 vs.26.059 and 16.759,P<0.01).Conclusion 3D VCA would overestimate TR,and had high and incremental diagnostic value for evaluating severe TR in secondary TR.

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of left ventricular longitudinal systolic function in patients with atrial septal defect(ASD)and pulmonary hypertension(PH)before and after interventional occlusion using echocardiography.Methods A total of 57 patients undergoing interventional occlusion in Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University from September 2015 to January 2016 were enrolled.Patients were divided into PH group and non-PH group.Echocardiographic examinations were performed for all subjects one day before,one day after and 1-6 months after the interventional occlusion.Twenty healthy individuals were included as a control group.Global and regional longitudinal strain(LS)of the left ventricle were analyzed using TomTec software.Results There were 27 patients in the PH group and 30 patients in the non-PH group.At baseline,tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion(TAPSE)and tissue Doppler velocity of tricuspid annulus S'in both the PH and non-PH groups were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Longitudinal systolic function of the right ventricle decreased significantly on the first day after occlusion(P＜0.05),and slightly increased 1-6 months after occlusion.Patients in the non-PH group showed a decreased LS in a small portion of the left ventricular segments 1 d and 1-6 months after occlusion(P＜0.05);patients in the PH group showed a decreased left ventricular global longitudinal strain(GLS)on the first day after occlusion(P＜0.05),primarily was in the basal and middle parts of the ventricle(P＜0.05),without significant change in the apical part,and the LS of the left ventricle tended to increase 1-6 months after occlusion.Conclusions With or without PH,longitudinal movement of the right ventricle in ASD patient is excessive before occlusion,and gradually improves after occlusion.Left ventricular GLS decreases in ASD patients with PH,with segmental differences 1 day after occlusion.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of PX-12 on apoptosis of multiple myeloma (MM) cell line induced by bortezomib. METHODS: MM cell line H929 cells were divided into PX-12 group, bortezomib group, combination group, and control group. 5.0 μmol/L PX-12, 20 nmol/L bortezomib, combination of the two drugs, and DMSO were given to the above mentioned group, respectively. After culture for 24, 48, and 72 hours, the changes of cell viability were observed, the MM cell activity was detected by MTT method, and the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of each group was detected by flow cytometry. The intracellular ROS level was measured by H RESULTS: MTT assay showed that after culture for 72 hours, the activity of H929 cells in PX-12 group (P<0.05) and bortezomib group (P<0.01) was significantly lower than that in the control group, while that in the combination group was decreased most significantly (P<0.01). After culture for 48 hours, cells in G1 phase in PX-12 group was decreased to 40%, while cells in S phase and G CONCLUSION PX-12 can increase the apoptosis of MM cell line H929 induced by bortezomib, which may be caused by increasing of ROS level.
Apoptosis ; Bortezomib/pharmacology* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma

Objective To evaluate the longitudinal layer-specific strain of patients with coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) before and 1 day after the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI),and then to explore the clinical value of PCI for patients with CTO. Methods A total of 30 patients diagnosed with CTO through coronary angiography and successfully taken the PCI procedure were enrolled in this study.Twenty-nine healthy volunteers were set as the control group.All patients were assigned to take echocardiography 1 day before and 1 day after PCI. The apical four-chamber (4CH),apical two-chamber (2CH) and the apical long-axis ( APLAX) echocardiographic images of all subjects were acquired.Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), end-systolic volume (LVESV),ejection fraction (LVEF) and stroke volume (LVSV) were measured.The mitral annular lateral S′,septal S′and average S′by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) were also measured.The longitudinal layer-specific strain was analysed by 2D-STI.Results Compared to the control group,CTO group showed a decreased endocardial,midcardial and epicardial longitudinal strain of 4CH,2CH and APLAX ( P < 0.05). The global endocardial,midcardial and epicardial longitudinal strain were also decreased ( P <0.05).On the first day after PCI,these measures were increased compared to those on the first day before PCI (P<0.05) but the endocardial longitudinal strain of APLAX,2CH and GLS were still decreased compared to those of the control group ( P <0.05).The mitral annular lateral S′,septal S′and average S′of CTO group were decreased compared to those of the control group ( P <0.05).On the first day after PCI,the mitral annular lateral S′,septal S′and average S′were increased ( P <0.05) but showed no significant difference compared to the control group ( P > 0.05).All the other measures showed no significant difference among the three groups ( P >0.05).Conclusions The longitudinal strain of patients with CTO is decreased compared to that of healthy people and increased after PCI.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between atopic allergy and depression and the role of DBP in the development of depression.

METHODSBALB/c mice were randomly divided into eight groups: saline; ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized; saline+DBP (0.45 mg/kg•d); saline+DBP (45 mg/kg•d); DBP (0.45 mg/kg•d) OVA-immunized; DBP (45 mg/kg•d) OVA-immunized; saline+hydrocortisone (30 mg/kg•d); and hydrocortisone (30 mg/kg•d)-exposed OVA-immunized. Behavior (e.g. open-field, tail suspension, and forced swimming tests), viscera coefficients (brain and spleen), oxidative damage [e.g. reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH)], as well as levels of IgE and IL-4, were then analyzed.

RESULTSIn the saline and OVA groups, the degree of depression symptoms in mice increased with increasing DBP concentration. Additionally, the OVA-immunity groups were associated with more serious depressive behavior compared with the same exposure concentration in the saline group. Oxidative damage was associated with a dose-dependent increase in DBP in the different groups. IL-4 and IgE levels were associated with low-dose DBP stimulation, which changed to high-dose inhibition with increasing DBP exposure, possibly due to spleen injury seen at high DBP concentrations.

CONCLUSIONDevelopment of an atopic allergy has the potential to increase the risk of depression in mice, and it seems that DBP helps OVA to exert its effect in our present model. Moreover, the results of our study implicate a certain connection between brain oxidative stress and depression, which deserves a further exploration.

Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Body Weight ; Depression ; blood ; chemically induced ; immunology ; Dibutyl Phthalate ; immunology ; toxicity ; Environmental Pollutants ; immunology ; toxicity ; Hydrocortisone ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate ; blood ; complications ; Immunization ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Interleukin-4 ; blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Ovalbumin ; Oxidative Stress

BACKGROUNDThe nevus of Ota, is a common benign pigmentary dermatosis, mainly involve innervation area of first and second branch of trigeminal nerve. The classification of nevus of Ota was proposed by Tanino, based on 26 cases of nevus of Ota from 1937 to 1940. Studies about its classification are rarely seen in last 70 years, while it is still practical today.

METHODSBased on the clinical photographs, 1079 consecutive patients with nevus of Ota were verified and reclassified according to the innervation areas of the trigeminal nerve branches.

RESULTSIn these 1079 cases, 866 patients were in line with Tanino's classification (80.26%), and 213 patients were not (19.74%). We put forward a new clinical classification (Peking Union Medical College Hospital classification, PUMCH classification) of nevus of Ota based on the innervation area of the trigeminal nerve branches, composed of 5 types and 14 subtypes. The 5 types were as follows: Type I - pigmentation maculeses involving the innervation area of one of the three trigeminal nerve branches, of which there were 424 cases (39.3%), comprising 6 subtypes; Type II - pigmentation macules involving the innervation area of two branches of the three trigeminal nerve branches, of which there were 221 cases (20.48%), comprising 4 subtypes; Type III - pigmentation macules involving the innervation area of all three trigeminal nerve branches, of which there were 361 cases (33.45%), comprising 2 subtypes; Type IV - bilateral type, in which the pigmentation macules involves the bilateral cheek, of which there were 63 cases (5.84%), comprising 2 subtypes; and Type V - complications occurred in the patient, of which there were 10 cases (0.93%).

CONCLUSIONThe new classification of nevus of Ota is based on the innervation area of the trigeminal nerve branches, and it covers all types of Tanino's classifications; on that basis, some new types and subtypes are brought in and cover almost every clinical condition.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nevus of Ota ; classification ; diagnosis ; Trigeminal Nerve ; pathology ; Young Adult

Objective To study the serological characterization of indeterminate Western blot(WB)results of HIV antibody and to find a new way to verify the HIV antibody indeterminate results and provide references for editing"National Guideline for Detection of HIV/AIDS".Methods All of the 42 subjects who were confirmed as indeterminate HIV antibody in People'Libaretion Amry HIV Confirmation Laboratory from 2005 to 2006,were collected.Line immunoassay.HIV viral load test and HIV-1 p24 were tested and followed up for 3-6 months'to compare the changes of WB bands patterns.Results (1)For the 42 individuals with indeterminate HIV antibody.a total of 8 different patterns of bands were found in WB test including 45.2% of them were p24 monoband,30.9% were gp160 monoband,11.9% were gp160 with p24,2.4%(only one case)were gp160gp120 ±,gp41p24,p24p17,gp41 or gp120respectively.It was noticed that the most patterns of common bands with indeterminate results were p24 monoband.gpl60 monoband and gpl60 with p24.which composed 88.0% of the whole indeterminate WB band patterns.(2)Twenty three cases had been followed up for more than 3 months with 22 giving no WB band image change and were confirmed as HIV sero-negative.The other one with case gp160 and p24 had developed to more bands in the period of 77 days follow-up with more bands,including gpl60,gp120,p66,p31,p24 and p17,showed up and was confirmed as HIV primary infection.(3)Line immunoassay was applied to all of those 23 cases who had been followed up and the results showed that only one serological change was found and the case was confirmed to be HIV-positive.Among the other 22 cases without serological changes.16 cases were proved to be HIV-negative,6 cases were still indeterminate.The specificitv was 72.7%.P24 antigen test showed negative in all the 23 cases,including the case which later was confirmed as HIV-positive.Of all the 23 originally indeterminate cases,viral loads were tested in 7 eases.Positive result was found in the case which was proved later to be HIV-positive.No viral loads were detected in the other 6 cases(＜LDL).Conclusion The most common band patterns of indeterminate HIV antibody were mainly p24 monoband,gp160 monoband or with p24.Most of them (95.6%)were not infected by HIV,the bands showed up in WB test and demonstrated as non-specific reactions.Line immunoassay could determine about 70% of the indeterminate reactions.Results from viral load test also suggested that it was an efficient method to discriminate indeterminate results.With these two techniques,HIV serology could be diagnosed without 3 months'follow-up in primary infection which gave indeterminate WB results.

Arteriovenous Fistula ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Spinal Cord ; blood supply ; Thoracic Vertebrae

Adult ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; therapy ; Balloon Occlusion ; adverse effects ; Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula ; therapy ; Cavernous Sinus ; abnormalities ; Dura Mater ; blood supply ; Humans ; Male ; Meningeal Arteries ; abnormalities

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of mutant exogenous P27(kip1) gene on chemosensitivity of human cholangiocarcinoma cell line.

METHODSThe recombinant vector was constructed and the mutant P27(kip1) gene was transfected into human cholangiocarcinoma cell line (QBC(939)). RT-PCR and Western blot were used to determine the expression of target genes. The effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), mitomycin C (MMC) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) on the transfected cells were detected by assaying the apoptotic rate and growth inhibition by methabenzthiazuron (MTT) assay and flow cytometry (FCM).

RESULTSThe mutant exogenous P27(kip1) gene was expressed effectively in the cells, and the expression enhanced the apoptosis and growth inhibition of QBC(939) inducted by 5-FU, MMC and CTX. The ratio of growth inhibiting increased significantly from 41.89% (5-FU), 45.59% (MMC), 38.91% (CTX) to 56.15% (5-FU), 55.65% (MMC), 51.69% (CTX), and apoptosis index from 13.76% +/- 3.03% (5-FU), 11.76% +/- 3.99% (MMC), 10.46% +/- 2.10% (CTX) to 41.39% +/- 4.32% (5-FU), 35.94% +/- 2.71% (MMC), 34.46% +/- 2.32% (CTX) (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe exogenous P27(kip1) gene transfer can remarkably increase the drug sensibility of the cholangiocarcinoma cells. The strategy targeted to control the cell cycle may be more effective in cancer treatment by combination of P27(kip1) gene therapy.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Bile Duct Neoplasms ; pathology ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; pathology ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Drug Synergism ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Transfection